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An Effective Field Theory of Gravity for Extended Objects
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We present an Effective Field Theory (EFT) formalism which describes the dynamics of non-relativistic extended objects coupled to gravity. The formalism is relevant to understanding the gravitational radiation power spectra emitted by binary star systems, an important class of candidate signals for gravitational wave observatories such as LIGO or VIRGO. The EFT allows for a clean separation of the three relevant scales: r_s, the size of the compact objects, r the orbital radius and r/v, the wavelength of the physical radiation (where the velocity v is the expansion parameter). In the EFT radiation is systematically included in the v expansion without need to separate integrals into near zones and radiation zones. We show that the renormalization of ultraviolet divergences which arise at v^6 in post-Newtonian (PN) calculations requires the presence of two non-minimal worldline gravitational couplings linear in the Ricci curvature. However, these operators can be removed by a redefinition of the metric tensor, so that the divergences at arising at v^6 have no physically observable effect. Because in the EFT finite size features are encoded in the coefficients of non-minimal couplings, this implies a simple proof of the decoupling of internal structure for spinless objects to at least order v^6. Neglecting absorptive effects, we find that the power counting rules of the EFT indicate that the next set of short distance operators, which are quadratic in the curvature and are associated with tidal deformations, do not play a role until order v^10. These operators, which encapsulate finite size properties of the sources, have coefficients that can be fixed by a matching calculation. By including the most general set of such operators, the EFT allows one to work within a point particle theory to arbitrary orders in v.
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Showing 60 of 68 Pith papers that cite this
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geoSCET: Soft Theorems from Power Counting
geoSCET derives geometric soft theorems for scalar field theories directly from effective-field-theory power counting and proves they are exact to all orders in perturbation theory when no potential is present.
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms
Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at ...
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Universal Closed Form for Dynamical Love Numbers of Black Holes
Derives a universal closed-form expression for the dynamical response of Schwarzschild black holes using RG resummation and far-zone matching, verified via shell EFT to high orders.
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Dynamical Love Numbers for Black Holes and Beyond from Shell Effective Field Theory
A shell-based EFT computes scalar Love numbers for Schwarzschild black holes through O(G^9) and conjectures an all-orders Riemann-zeta structure.
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Love numbers of black p-branes: fine tuning, Love symmetries, and their geometrization
Scalar Love numbers of non-dilatonic black p-branes vanish for integer rescaled multipoles, extremal p-branes give exactly zero static Love numbers, and the hidden symmetries behind these vanishings become near-horizo...
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Classical worldlines from scattering amplitudes
A new 'quantum worldline' representation makes the classical limit of scattering amplitudes exactly match worldline field theory integrands at two loops.
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Emergence of Calabi-Yau manifolds in high-precision black hole scattering
At 5PM-1SF order, Calabi-Yau three-fold periods emerge in radiation-reacted observables for classical black hole scattering computed with worldline QFT and advanced IBP/DE methods.
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Black Hole Binary Dynamics from the Double Copy and Effective Theory
The authors derive the complete conservative two-body Hamiltonian for spinless black holes at third post-Minkowskian order using scattering amplitudes and effective field theory.
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$N$-Photon Amplitudes in EFT from Recursion Relations and Effective Vertices
A CSW-like recursion plus a 'contact Lagrangian' computes arbitrary tree-level N-photon amplitudes in general EFTs, with results through 10 photons in Born-Infeld theory.
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Multipolar static tidal response of Schwarzschild black holes in cubic gravity: a metric-action derivation of tidal running
In cubic Weyl gravity, the metric-field derivation reproduces the known canonical electric beta functions, proves the quadrupole is the unique non-running electric multipole via an L-6 source factor, and gives explici...
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High-Post-Newtonian-Order Dynamics Induced by Tail-of-Tail Interactions: The Non-Geodesic Terms
The authors compute tail-of-tail contributions to the effective-one-body Q potential through p_r^12 and derive new second-order self-force redshift predictions for eccentric binaries.
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Kerr Soft Dressing and the $w_{1+\infty}$ Frame Algebra at Null Infinity
The Kerr soft exponent generates a parity-alternating hierarchy of null-infinity frame generators—displacement memory at s=0, spin memory at s=1, and higher moments alternating by Kerr multipole parity—realized as the...
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Perturbing Gravitational Atoms: Negative Love, Resonant Tides and Shifted Resonances
Spinning gravitational atoms have negative static Love numbers enhanced by O(10²–10³) over non-spinning clouds, with internal perturbations shifting binary resonances.
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A Bound on the Dynamical Love Number
Schwarz–Pick applied to the rescaled retarded tidal response bounds dynamical Love numbers for neutron stars by the static Love number and spectral gap, and constrains black-hole tidal heating.
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Relaxation without ringdown for a compact object in modified gravity
A vector-supported compact object in modified gravity relaxes dissipatively without oscillatory ringdown because a hidden chiral symmetry converts perturbations into one-way transport.
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Gravitational Compton scattering at the fourth post-Minkowskian order
Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
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Gravitational wave scattering at $\mathcal{O}(G^4)$: Murua construction and elliptics
O(G^4) gravitational wave scattering amplitude computed in worldline QFT with Murua decomposition, matched to black hole perturbation theory to validate the formalism for Schwarzschild black holes.
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How traversable is a traversable wormhole?
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Five-dimensional Geometry from Spinning Amplitudes
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The gravitational Compton amplitude at third post-Minkowskian order
Gravitational Compton amplitude computed to third post-Minkowskian order via worldline EFT with infrared and forward divergences regulated to connect to black hole perturbation theory.
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Conservative Black Hole Scattering at Fifth Post-Minkowskian and Second Self-Force Order
The conservative black-hole scattering angle at fifth post-Minkowskian and second self-force order is computed in terms of K3 periods, but contains a coefficient fixed only by an ad hoc 'γ-3' prescription.
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Entire Four-Graviton EFT from the Duality Between Color and Kinematics
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Trails of clouds in binary black holes
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Schwarzschild Black Holes
The dynamical Love numbers of a Schwarzschild black hole are nonzero at quadratic order in frequency, run logarithmically with a coefficient set by dissipation, and are now matched including their finite, scheme-depen...
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Generalized Unitarity Method for Worldline Field Theory
Worldline gravitational observables can be bootstrapped from locality, unitarity, gauge invariance, and a soft theorem once worldline energies are complexified, reproducing the known O(G^5/2) waveform and O(G^3) on-sh...
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Perturbations of Plane Waves and Quadratic Quasinormal Modes on the Lightring
Second-order gravitational perturbations on plane waves are solved with a GHP master equation and tensor harmonics, yielding quadratic quasinormal mode ratios and selection rules.
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High-post-Newtonian-order dynamical effects induced by tail-of-tail interactions in a two body system
The paper derives 6.5PN tail-of-tail contributions to binary dynamics and finds agreement with independent self-force and worldline-EFT results.
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Local-in-Time Conservative Binary Dynamics at Fifth Post-Minkowskian and First Self-Force Orders
The authors isolate the nonlocal tail part of the 5PM/1SF scattering angle and reconstruct a local-in-time Hamiltonian for generic bound orbits.
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5-Dimensional Gravitational Raman Scattering: Scalar Wave Perturbations in Schwarzschild-Tangherlini Spacetime
Derives closed 5D partial-wave Raman scattering amplitude via NS functions and computes non-vanishing dynamical ℓ=0 and static ℓ=1 scalar tidal Love numbers with RG running up to O(G²) for STBH.
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Resummation of Universal Tails in Gravitational Waveforms
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Running Love Numbers and the Effective Field Theory of Gravity
Higher-derivative gravity corrections induce non-zero, classically running tidal Love numbers for black holes, computed here with a new tidal Green function method.
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Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron Stars in Horndeski Theories
In scalar-tensor theories, the 1/r^3 term used to extract neutron star tidal Love numbers contains a Love-number-independent contamination, computed here for minimally coupled and DEF scalar fields.
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Higher-Dimensional Black Holes and Effective Field Theory
Higher-dimensional spinning black holes generally have nonzero scalar tidal Love numbers, with patterns of zeroes in special limits, computed via point-particle EFT matching.
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Generalized Wilson lines and the gravitational scattering of spinning bodies
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Spinning bodies in general relativity from bosonic worldline oscillators
A bosonic-oscillator worldline action for spinning compact bodies in general relativity is constructed, and it reproduces known post-Minkowskian scattering results while remaining valid to all orders in spin.
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Tidal effects up to next-to-next-to leading post-Newtonian order in massless scalar-tensor theories
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Classical potential for general spinning bodies
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Effective Field Theory of Gravity to All Orders
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The Classical Gravitational Impulse at High Energies
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Static electromagnetic Love tensors of 5-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes
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N-body next-to-leading order gravitational spin-orbit interaction via effective field theory
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Universality in Relativistic Spinning Particle Models
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High-order effective-one-body tidal interactions and gravitational scattering
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Resummed energy loss in extreme-mass-ratio scattering using critical orbits
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Neutron Stars as Perfect Fluids: Extracting the Linearized Response Function
A covariant effective-field-theory derivation expresses a neutron star's quadrupolar tidal response as a sum over internal oscillation modes, with each mode's strength set by overlap and normalization integrals.
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On the logarithmic Love number of black holes beyond general relativity
Logarithmic black hole Love numbers are fixed directly by the Taylor coefficients of the perturbation equation, and perturbative deviations from Schwarzschild/Reissner-Nordström force non-zero running.
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Renormalisation Group approach to General Relativity
An exact RG equation for classical gravity is proposed that reproduces the PM expansion and recovers the 1PN two-body action without explicit three-graviton vertices.
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Heterotic Footprints in Classical Gravity: PM dynamics from On-Shell soft amplitudes at one loop
Derives conservative potential and scattering angle for charged black holes in EMD theory via one-loop soft amplitudes, showing IR finiteness after Lippmann-Schwinger treatment and smooth reduction to GR.
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Loops Outside a Black Hole
Conjecture reducing bulk loop discontinuity integrals in black hole Schwinger-Keldysh geometry to exterior real-time finite-temperature loop integrals, checked at one to three loops for low-point functions.
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Tidal effects in the total flux and waveform in massless scalar-tensor theories to, respectively, relative 2PN and 1.5PN orders
Derives next-to-next-to-leading tidal corrections to flux and phasing in scalar-tensor gravity using adapted post-Newtonian multipolar-post-Minkowskian methods under the adiabatic approximation.
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Scalar kicks and memory
For hyperbolic binaries, a conformally coupled scalar changes the memory and zero-frequency power while a disformally coupled scalar changes only the center-of-mass kick.
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Tail effects of self-interacting scalar fields
Quartic scalar self-interactions produce a logarithmically running correction to the two-body force, constrain the self-coupling via solar system tests, and generate multipole-coupling tail interactions that advance t...
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Gravitational lensing in a plasma from worldlines
The worldline formalism yields a closed-form NLO plasma-induced deflection angle for power-law electron density, matching previous results where they exist.
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On the Motion of Compact Objects in Relativistic Viscous Fluids
The authors derive covariant world-line effective field theory equations of motion for a compact object moving relativistically through a fluid, matching coefficients to potential and Stokes flow.
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Worldline effective field theory of inspiralling black hole binaries in presence of dark photon and axionic dark matter
Computes 1PN conservative dynamics for gravitational/EM/Proca fields and 2PN for scalar, plus radiation effects from axion-photon coupling at high PN orders in binary black hole systems with dark matter.
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Heavy Black Hole Effective Theory
Heavy Black Hole Effective Theory derives a heavy-mass effective field theory for scalars and fermions in gravity and gives the second post-Minkowskian scattering amplitude including classical and leading quantum spin...
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Tidal deformation of an accreting compact object
For perfectly reflecting Schwarzschild-like ECOs, the log-compactness scaling of static scalar and spin-1 Love numbers survives a thin accretion disk, which mainly amplifies the response magnitude.
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NLO Angular Impulse and Leading Singularities to all orders in spin for Kerr Black Holes
NLO angular impulse for Kerr black holes computed to all orders in spin via KMOC formalism and leading singularities, with consistency checks and potential extraction.
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Weak-field waveforms for generic relativistic orbits
Outlines a Schwinger-Keldysh path-integral framework that derives worldline equations of motion and computes weak-field gravitational waveforms independently for unspecified relativistic orbits.
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Can wormholes have vanishing Love numbers?
The paper claims the ℓ=2 magnetic tidal Love number of the Dadhich–Kar–Mukherji–Visser R=0 wormhole vanishes to first order in the regularization parameter p, based on a throat-regularity condition that removes the 1/...
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