Molmo VLMs trained on newly collected PixMo open datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance among open-weight models and surpass multiple proprietary VLMs including Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 1.5 Pro.
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LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models
Baseline reference. 50% of citing Pith papers use this work as a benchmark or comparison.
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abstract
Groundbreaking language-vision architectures like CLIP and DALL-E proved the utility of training on large amounts of noisy image-text data, without relying on expensive accurate labels used in standard vision unimodal supervised learning. The resulting models showed capabilities of strong text-guided image generation and transfer to downstream tasks, while performing remarkably at zero-shot classification with noteworthy out-of-distribution robustness. Since then, large-scale language-vision models like ALIGN, BASIC, GLIDE, Flamingo and Imagen made further improvements. Studying the training and capabilities of such models requires datasets containing billions of image-text pairs. Until now, no datasets of this size have been made openly available for the broader research community. To address this problem and democratize research on large-scale multi-modal models, we present LAION-5B - a dataset consisting of 5.85 billion CLIP-filtered image-text pairs, of which 2.32B contain English language. We show successful replication and fine-tuning of foundational models like CLIP, GLIDE and Stable Diffusion using the dataset, and discuss further experiments enabled with an openly available dataset of this scale. Additionally we provide several nearest neighbor indices, an improved web-interface for dataset exploration and subset generation, and detection scores for watermark, NSFW, and toxic content detection. Announcement page https://laion.ai/laion-5b-a-new-era-of-open-large-scale-multi-modal-datasets/
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representative citing papers
A new adjoint matching framework formulates flow model alignment as optimal control, enabling direct regression training and terminal-trajectory truncation for efficiency gains on models like SiT-XL and FLUX.
Pro²Assist uses multimodal egocentric perception from AR glasses to track fine-grained progress in long-horizon procedural tasks and deliver timely proactive assistance, outperforming baselines by over 21% in action understanding and up to 2.29x in timing accuracy.
Oracle Noise optimizes diffusion model noise on a Riemannian hypersphere guided by key prompt words to preserve the Gaussian prior, eliminate norm inflation, and achieve faster semantic alignment than Euclidean methods.
Z²-Sampling implicitly realizes zero-cost zigzag trajectories for curvature-aware semantic alignment in diffusion models by reducing multi-step paths via operator dualities and temporal caching while synthesizing a directional derivative penalty.
Instruction-tuned vision-language model PaveGPT, trained on a large unified pavement dataset, achieves substantial gains over general models in comprehensive, standard-compliant pavement condition assessment.
MoZoo generates high-fidelity animal videos with fur and muscle dynamics from coarse meshes by extending video diffusion with role-aware RoPE and asymmetric decoupled attention, trained on a new synthetic-to-real dataset.
Matched benchmarking reveals FID misleads in few-step regimes under CFG, prompting CLIP-scaled and PickScore-scaled FID and IS variants for better semantic evaluation of one-step image generators.
Visual Para-Thinker is the first parallel reasoning framework for MLLMs that uses visual partitioning strategies, Pa-Attention, and LPRoPE to extend test-time scaling benefits to visual comprehension tasks.
Latent Consistency Models enable high-fidelity text-to-image generation in 2-4 steps by directly predicting solutions to the probability flow ODE in latent space, distilled from pre-trained LDMs.
Objaverse-XL supplies over 10 million diverse 3D objects that, when used to render 100 million views, improve zero-shot novel-view synthesis in models such as Zero123.
A single motion module trained on videos adds temporally coherent animation to any personalized text-to-image model derived from the same base without additional tuning.
DiffSketcher synthesizes vector sketches from natural language by optimizing Bezier curves with diffusion model guidance via extended SDS loss.
LLaVA is trained on GPT-4 generated visual instruction data to achieve 85.1% relative performance to GPT-4 on synthetic multimodal tasks and 92.53% accuracy on Science QA.
BiomedCLIP, pretrained on the new 15-million-pair PMC-15M dataset, achieves state-of-the-art performance on diverse biomedical vision-language tasks and even outperforms radiology-specific models on chest X-ray pneumonia detection.
Kosmos-1 shows strong zero-shot and few-shot results on language tasks, image captioning, visual QA, OCR-free document understanding, and image recognition guided by text instructions.
FullFlow adds LoRA adapters and discrete text insertion to pretrained rectified-flow text-to-image models, achieving bidirectional generation with major gains in FID, CIDEr, VRAM, and throughput over Dual Diffusion baselines.
Exploiting linear structure in VLM embeddings, a synthetic-data pre-training method yields background-invariant representations that exceed 90% worst-group accuracy on Waterbirds even under 100% spurious correlation with no minority examples in training.
SAMG uses spatially adaptive guidance scales derived from a geometric analysis of classifier-free guidance to resolve the detail-artifact dilemma in diffusion-based image and video generation.
A vision transformer classifier trained on simulated and real Euclid data recovers all known strong lenses in test sets and finds 8 Grade A plus 26 Grade B new candidates in the Q1 data.
NoiseShift learns a resolution-specific mapping from scheduler noise to conditioning noise via lightweight calibration to restore consistency and improve low-resolution generation quality in models like SD3 and Flux.
The ITW-SM dataset and targeted optimization of detector design choices yield a 26.87% average AUC improvement for state-of-the-art AI-generated image detectors under real-world social media conditions.
CamCo equips image-to-video generators with Plücker-coordinate camera inputs and epipolar attention to improve 3D consistency and camera controllability.
Chameleon is an early-fusion token model that handles mixed image-text sequences for understanding and generation, achieving competitive or superior performance to larger models like Llama-2, Mixtral, and Gemini-Pro on captioning, VQA, text, and image tasks.
citing papers explorer
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Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Models
Molmo VLMs trained on newly collected PixMo open datasets achieve state-of-the-art performance among open-weight models and surpass multiple proprietary VLMs including Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Gemini 1.5 Pro.
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Improved techniques for fine-tuning flow models via adjoint matching: a deterministic control pipeline
A new adjoint matching framework formulates flow model alignment as optimal control, enabling direct regression training and terminal-trajectory truncation for efficiency gains on models like SiT-XL and FLUX.
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Pro$^2$Assist: Continuous Step-Aware Proactive Assistance with Multimodal Egocentric Perception for Long-Horizon Procedural Tasks
Pro²Assist uses multimodal egocentric perception from AR glasses to track fine-grained progress in long-horizon procedural tasks and deliver timely proactive assistance, outperforming baselines by over 21% in action understanding and up to 2.29x in timing accuracy.
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Oracle Noise: Faster Semantic Spherical Alignment for Interpretable Latent Optimization
Oracle Noise optimizes diffusion model noise on a Riemannian hypersphere guided by key prompt words to preserve the Gaussian prior, eliminate norm inflation, and achieve faster semantic alignment than Euclidean methods.
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$Z^2$-Sampling: Zero-Cost Zigzag Trajectories for Semantic Alignment in Diffusion Models
Z²-Sampling implicitly realizes zero-cost zigzag trajectories for curvature-aware semantic alignment in diffusion models by reducing multi-step paths via operator dualities and temporal caching while synthesizing a directional derivative penalty.
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Vision-Language Foundation Models for Comprehensive Automated Pavement Condition Assessment
Instruction-tuned vision-language model PaveGPT, trained on a large unified pavement dataset, achieves substantial gains over general models in comprehensive, standard-compliant pavement condition assessment.
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MoZoo:Unleashing Video Diffusion power in animal fur and muscle simulation
MoZoo generates high-fidelity animal videos with fur and muscle dynamics from coarse meshes by extending video diffusion with role-aware RoPE and asymmetric decoupled attention, trained on a new synthetic-to-real dataset.
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Setting-Matched and Semantics-Scaled Benchmarking of One-Step Generative Models Against Multistep Diffusion and Flow Models
Matched benchmarking reveals FID misleads in few-step regimes under CFG, prompting CLIP-scaled and PickScore-scaled FID and IS variants for better semantic evaluation of one-step image generators.
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Visual Para-Thinker: Divide-and-Conquer Reasoning for Visual Comprehension
Visual Para-Thinker is the first parallel reasoning framework for MLLMs that uses visual partitioning strategies, Pa-Attention, and LPRoPE to extend test-time scaling benefits to visual comprehension tasks.
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Latent Consistency Models: Synthesizing High-Resolution Images with Few-Step Inference
Latent Consistency Models enable high-fidelity text-to-image generation in 2-4 steps by directly predicting solutions to the probability flow ODE in latent space, distilled from pre-trained LDMs.
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Objaverse-XL: A Universe of 10M+ 3D Objects
Objaverse-XL supplies over 10 million diverse 3D objects that, when used to render 100 million views, improve zero-shot novel-view synthesis in models such as Zero123.
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AnimateDiff: Animate Your Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Specific Tuning
A single motion module trained on videos adds temporally coherent animation to any personalized text-to-image model derived from the same base without additional tuning.
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DiffSketcher: Text Guided Vector Sketch Synthesis through Latent Diffusion Models
DiffSketcher synthesizes vector sketches from natural language by optimizing Bezier curves with diffusion model guidance via extended SDS loss.
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Visual Instruction Tuning
LLaVA is trained on GPT-4 generated visual instruction data to achieve 85.1% relative performance to GPT-4 on synthetic multimodal tasks and 92.53% accuracy on Science QA.
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BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairs
BiomedCLIP, pretrained on the new 15-million-pair PMC-15M dataset, achieves state-of-the-art performance on diverse biomedical vision-language tasks and even outperforms radiology-specific models on chest X-ray pneumonia detection.
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Language Is Not All You Need: Aligning Perception with Language Models
Kosmos-1 shows strong zero-shot and few-shot results on language tasks, image captioning, visual QA, OCR-free document understanding, and image recognition guided by text instructions.
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FullFlow: Upgrading Text-to-Image Flow Matching Models for Bidirectional Vision--Language Generation
FullFlow adds LoRA adapters and discrete text insertion to pretrained rectified-flow text-to-image models, achieving bidirectional generation with major gains in FID, CIDEr, VRAM, and throughput over Dual Diffusion baselines.
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Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Background-Invariant Representations via Linear Structure in VLMs
Exploiting linear structure in VLM embeddings, a synthetic-data pre-training method yields background-invariant representations that exceed 90% worst-group accuracy on Waterbirds even under 100% spurious correlation with no minority examples in training.
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Delta Score Matters! Spatial Adaptive Multi Guidance in Diffusion Models
SAMG uses spatially adaptive guidance scales derived from a geometric analysis of classifier-free guidance to resolve the detail-artifact dilemma in diffusion-based image and video generation.
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Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). AstroVink: A vision transformer approach to find strong gravitational lens systems
A vision transformer classifier trained on simulated and real Euclid data recovers all known strong lenses in test sets and finds 8 Grade A plus 26 Grade B new candidates in the Q1 data.
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NoiseShift: Resolution-Aware Noise Recalibration for Better Low-Resolution Image Generation
NoiseShift learns a resolution-specific mapping from scheduler noise to conditioning noise via lightweight calibration to restore consistency and improve low-resolution generation quality in models like SD3 and Flux.
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Navigating the Challenges of AI-Generated Image Detection in the Wild: What Truly Matters?
The ITW-SM dataset and targeted optimization of detector design choices yield a 26.87% average AUC improvement for state-of-the-art AI-generated image detectors under real-world social media conditions.
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CamCo: Camera-Controllable 3D-Consistent Image-to-Video Generation
CamCo equips image-to-video generators with Plücker-coordinate camera inputs and epipolar attention to improve 3D consistency and camera controllability.
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Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models
Chameleon is an early-fusion token model that handles mixed image-text sequences for understanding and generation, achieving competitive or superior performance to larger models like Llama-2, Mixtral, and Gemini-Pro on captioning, VQA, text, and image tasks.
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LanguageBind: Extending Video-Language Pretraining to N-modality by Language-based Semantic Alignment
LanguageBind aligns video, infrared, depth, and audio to a frozen language encoder via contrastive learning on the new VIDAL-10M dataset, extending video-language pretraining to N modalities.
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TokenFlow: Consistent Diffusion Features for Consistent Video Editing
TokenFlow produces consistent text-driven video edits by propagating diffusion features according to inter-frame correspondences extracted from the source video.
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InternVid: A Large-scale Video-Text Dataset for Multimodal Understanding and Generation
InternVid supplies 7M videos and LLM captions to train ViCLIP, which reaches leading zero-shot action recognition and competitive retrieval performance.
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Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the World
Kosmos-2 grounds text to image regions by encoding refer expressions as Markdown links to sequences of location tokens and trains on a new GrIT dataset of grounded image-text pairs.
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Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesis
HPD v2 is the largest human preference dataset for text-to-image images with 798k choices, and HPS v2 is the resulting CLIP-based scorer that better predicts human judgments and responds to model improvements.
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EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scale
EVA-CLIP delivers improved CLIP training recipes that yield 82.0% zero-shot ImageNet-1K accuracy for a 5B-parameter model after only 9 billion samples.
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Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Training
SigLIP replaces softmax-based contrastive loss with a simple pairwise sigmoid loss for vision-language pre-training, decoupling batch size from normalization and reaching strong zero-shot performance with limited compute.
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SemDeDup: Data-efficient learning at web-scale through semantic deduplication
SemDeDup removes semantic duplicates from datasets like LAION using pre-trained embeddings, cutting data by 50% with minimal performance loss and efficiency gains on C4.
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Aligning Text-to-Image Models using Human Feedback
A three-stage fine-tuning process uses human ratings to train a reward model and then improves text-to-image alignment by maximizing reward-weighted likelihood.
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Making AI Drafts Count: A Quality Threshold in Audio Description Workflows
AI drafts for audio description reduce editing time and cognitive load only when they exceed a content-dependent quality threshold, unlike unguided baseline drafts.
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FineEdit: Fine-Grained Image Edit with Bounding Box Guidance
FineEdit adds multi-level bounding box injection to diffusion image editing, releases a 1.2M-pair dataset with box annotations, and shows better instruction following and background consistency than prior open models on new and existing benchmarks.
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From Cradle to Cloud: A Life Cycle Review of AI's Environmental Footprint
A review of AI sustainability studies finds inconsistent life cycle definitions and predominant reliance on coarse CO2e proxies, with limited coverage of water, materials, and multi-impact assessments.
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OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models
OpenFlamingo provides open-source autoregressive vision-language models that achieve 80-89% of Flamingo performance on seven vision-language datasets.
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Neural Network Optimization Reimagined: Decoupled Techniques for Scratch and Fine-Tuning
DualOpt decouples optimization by using real-time layer-wise weight decay for scratch training and weight rollback for fine-tuning to improve convergence, generalization, and reduce knowledge forgetting.
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LMMs Meet Object-Centric Vision: Understanding, Segmentation, Editing and Generation
This review organizes literature on large multimodal models and object-centric vision into four themes—understanding, referring segmentation, editing, and generation—while summarizing paradigms, strategies, and challenges like instance permanence and consistent interaction.
- Findings of the Counter Turing Test: AI-Generated Image Detection