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RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale

Canonical reference. 85% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.

297 Pith papers citing it
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abstract

By transferring knowledge from large, diverse, task-agnostic datasets, modern machine learning models can solve specific downstream tasks either zero-shot or with small task-specific datasets to a high level of performance. While this capability has been demonstrated in other fields such as computer vision, natural language processing or speech recognition, it remains to be shown in robotics, where the generalization capabilities of the models are particularly critical due to the difficulty of collecting real-world robotic data. We argue that one of the keys to the success of such general robotic models lies with open-ended task-agnostic training, combined with high-capacity architectures that can absorb all of the diverse, robotic data. In this paper, we present a model class, dubbed Robotics Transformer, that exhibits promising scalable model properties. We verify our conclusions in a study of different model classes and their ability to generalize as a function of the data size, model size, and data diversity based on a large-scale data collection on real robots performing real-world tasks. The project's website and videos can be found at robotics-transformer1.github.io

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  • abstract By transferring knowledge from large, diverse, task-agnostic datasets, modern machine learning models can solve specific downstream tasks either zero-shot or with small task-specific datasets to a high level of performance. While this capability has been demonstrated in other fields such as computer vision, natural language processing or speech recognition, it remains to be shown in robotics, where the generalization capabilities of the models are particularly critical due to the difficulty of collecting real-world robotic data. We argue that one of the keys to the success of such general robo

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Targeting World Models to Compromise Robot Learning Pipelines

cs.RO · 2026-06-08 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

World models introduce a stealthy poisoning vector into robot learning pipelines where malicious prompts or dynamics in teleoperated data activate only during synthetic trajectory generation, enabling backdoors in downstream policies.

Robotic Policy Adaptation via Weight-Space Meta-Learning

cs.RO · 2026-06-05 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

WIZARD meta-learns to map task evidence directly to LoRA updates for VLA policies, reporting up to 14x gains on unseen tasks in simulation and real-robot experiments without test-time optimization or action labels.

PiL-World: A Chunk-Wise World Model for VLA Policy-in-the-Loop Evaluation

cs.RO · 2026-06-04 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

PiL-World introduces a chunk-wise world model for closed-loop VLA policy evaluation that reduces the gap between simulated and real success rates from 63.2% to 12.0% on three dual-arm manipulation tasks by conditioning on action-derived visual control and latent histories while training on both succ

Probabilistic Recurrent Intention Switching Model

cs.LG · 2026-05-26 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

PRISM replaces Markov or fixed-window intention models in multi-intention IRL with a recurrent network, proving an exact EM decomposition into closed-form per-intention reward problems and reporting highest held-out likelihood on gridworld, mouse, and robotic tasks.

Advancing Creative Physical Intelligence in Large Multimodal Models

cs.AI · 2026-05-25 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Introduces MM-CreativityBench for affordance-grounded creative tool use and shows that DPO-based alignment with an affordance knowledge base improves entity and part selection while cutting hallucination errors in LMMs.

Point Tracking Improves World Action Models

cs.RO · 2026-05-22 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.

Scalable Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Batch Scaling

stat.ML · 2026-05-20 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

ABS uses Behavioral Divergence to adaptively scale batch sizes in RL according to policy volatility, enabling effective large-batch large-network training on ALE benchmarks.

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