GPTQ-intrinsic LoRA augments GPTQ with intrinsic low-rank compensation via Hessian modification to achieve layer-wise reconstruction bounds that match information-theoretic lower bounds under structural assumptions.
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Four Over Six: More Accurate NVFP4 Quantization with Adaptive Block Scaling
12 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
As large language models have grown larger, interest has grown in low-precision numerical formats such as NVFP4 as a way to improve speed and reduce memory usage. However, quantizing models to NVFP4 remains challenging as the lack of precision generally degrades model performance. In this work, we address this issue with Four Over Six (4/6), a modification to the block-scaled NVFP4 quantization algorithm that yields reduced quantization error. Unlike integer formats, floating point formats have non-uniform step sizes which create larger quantization error on larger values. 4/6 takes advantage of this by adaptively scaling some blocks to smaller FP4 values, making the distribution of representable values more uniform and reducing quantization error for near-maximal values. We show that 4/6 can be implemented efficiently on modern hardware accelerators, resulting in performance gains during both pre-training and inference with minimal computational overhead. In pre-training experiments with the Nemotron 3 Nano 30B-A3B model architecture, we find that 4/6 brings training loss closer to BF16 compared to models trained with current state-of-the-art NVFP4 training recipes. Our code is available at https://github.com/mit-han-lab/fouroversix.
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Allowing each quantization group to select among multiple 4-bit grids improves accuracy over single-grid FP4 for both post-training and pre-training of LLMs.
LongLive-2.0 delivers an NVFP4 parallel infrastructure that enables direct training of long multi-shot autoregressive diffusion video models and achieves up to 2.15x training and 1.84x inference speedups on Blackwell and other GPUs.
MXFP4 quantization error decomposes into scale bias, deadzone truncation, and grid noise; mode-targeted corrections recover BF16 accuracy within 0.7% on Qwen2.5-3B and exceed it by 1.0% on Qwen3-30B-A3B.
SOAR improves NVFP4 post-training quantization accuracy for LLMs by analytically solving joint scale optimization and searching decoupled scales.
nGPT's hypersphere constraint makes dot-product signal accumulate constructively under 4-bit quantization while noise averages out, enabling native low-precision training.
QuantClaw dynamically routes precision in agent workflows to cut cost by up to 21.4% and latency by 15.7% while keeping or improving task performance.
MixFP4 extends NVFP4 by adaptively selecting between two FP4 micro-formats per block using repurposed scale sign bits and a unified E2M2 compute path, claiming better accuracy than standard NVFP4 at 3.1% area and 1.5% power overhead.
The block-size paradox in LLM microscaling is caused by underflow in subnormal E4M3 scaling factors; preventing underflow and using 4-over-6 selection resolves it, with brute-force confirming MSE strictly improves as blocks get finer.
SOP post-training quantization for LLMs reports lower weight reconstruction error than per-layer FP8 at 1.5 bpw lower cost using per-layer codebook search and hardware-aware formats.
DuQuant++ adapts outlier-aware fine-grained rotation to MXFP4 by matching block size to the 32-element microscaling group, enabling a single rotation that smooths distributions and achieves SOTA performance on LLaMA-3 with lower cost.
HiFloat4 FP4 with stabilization techniques trains dense and MoE language models on Ascend NPUs at relative error within 1% of full-precision baselines.
citing papers explorer
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GPTQ-intrinsic LoRA: A Near-optimal Algorithm for Low-precision Quantization with Low-rank Adaptation
GPTQ-intrinsic LoRA augments GPTQ with intrinsic low-rank compensation via Hessian modification to achieve layer-wise reconstruction bounds that match information-theoretic lower bounds under structural assumptions.
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Grid Games: The Power of Multiple Grids for Quantizing Large Language Models
Allowing each quantization group to select among multiple 4-bit grids improves accuracy over single-grid FP4 for both post-training and pre-training of LLMs.
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LongLive-2.0: An NVFP4 Parallel Infrastructure for Long Video Generation
LongLive-2.0 delivers an NVFP4 parallel infrastructure that enables direct training of long multi-shot autoregressive diffusion video models and achieves up to 2.15x training and 1.84x inference speedups on Blackwell and other GPUs.
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Decomposing MXFP4 quantization error for LLM reinforcement learning: reducible bias, recoverable deadzone, and an irreducible floor
MXFP4 quantization error decomposes into scale bias, deadzone truncation, and grid noise; mode-targeted corrections recover BF16 accuracy within 0.7% on Qwen2.5-3B and exceed it by 1.0% on Qwen3-30B-A3B.
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SOAR: Scale Optimization for Accurate Reconstruction in NVFP4 Quantization
SOAR improves NVFP4 post-training quantization accuracy for LLMs by analytically solving joint scale optimization and searching decoupled scales.
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Normalized Architectures are Natively 4-Bit
nGPT's hypersphere constraint makes dot-product signal accumulate constructively under 4-bit quantization while noise averages out, enabling native low-precision training.
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QuantClaw: Precision Where It Matters for OpenClaw
QuantClaw dynamically routes precision in agent workflows to cut cost by up to 21.4% and latency by 15.7% while keeping or improving task performance.
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MixFP4: Enhancing NVFP4 with Adaptive FP4/INT4 Block Representations
MixFP4 extends NVFP4 by adaptively selecting between two FP4 micro-formats per block using repurposed scale sign bits and a unified E2M2 compute path, claiming better accuracy than standard NVFP4 at 3.1% area and 1.5% power overhead.
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Finer is Better (with the Right Scaling)
The block-size paradox in LLM microscaling is caused by underflow in subnormal E4M3 scaling factors; preventing underflow and using 4-over-6 selection resolves it, with brute-force confirming MSE strictly improves as blocks get finer.
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A Hardware-Aware, Per-Layer Methodology for Post-Training Quantization of Large Language Models
SOP post-training quantization for LLMs reports lower weight reconstruction error than per-layer FP8 at 1.5 bpw lower cost using per-layer codebook search and hardware-aware formats.
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DuQuant++: Fine-grained Rotation Enhances Microscaling FP4 Quantization
DuQuant++ adapts outlier-aware fine-grained rotation to MXFP4 by matching block size to the 32-element microscaling group, enabling a single rotation that smooths distributions and achieves SOTA performance on LLaMA-3 with lower cost.
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HiFloat4 Format for Language Model Pre-training on Ascend NPUs
HiFloat4 FP4 with stabilization techniques trains dense and MoE language models on Ascend NPUs at relative error within 1% of full-precision baselines.