Simulations forecast that 10 years of Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer data could detect the cosmic dipole magnitude using strongly lensed GW events, with tighter bounds from combining double, triple, and quadruple lensed systems.
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Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck
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abstract
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013, producing deep, high-resolution, all-sky maps in nine frequency bands from 30 to 857GHz. This paper presents the cosmological legacy of Planck, which currently provides our strongest constraints on the parameters of the standard cosmological model and some of the tightest limits available on deviations from that model. The 6-parameter LCDM model continues to provide an excellent fit to the cosmic microwave background data at high and low redshift, describing the cosmological information in over a billion map pixels with just six parameters. With 18 peaks in the temperature and polarization angular power spectra constrained well, Planck measures five of the six parameters to better than 1% (simultaneously), with the best-determined parameter (theta_*) now known to 0.03%. We describe the multi-component sky as seen by Planck, the success of the LCDM model, and the connection to lower-redshift probes of structure formation. We also give a comprehensive summary of the major changes introduced in this 2018 release. The Planck data, alone and in combination with other probes, provide stringent constraints on our models of the early Universe and the large-scale structure within which all astrophysical objects form and evolve. We discuss some lessons learned from the Planck mission, and highlight areas ripe for further experimental advances.
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representative citing papers
KiLeR combines shear ratios with kinematic intrinsic shapes to mitigate first-order lensing systematics and forecasts a 192% improvement in dark energy constraints from the Roman telescope.
New SMICA formalism and binned bispectrum estimator jointly recover power spectra, spectral parameters, foreground 3-point correlators, and primordial non-Gaussianity constraints from multi-frequency polarization maps tested on LiteBIRD simulations.
A U-Net GAN reconstructs CMB T and E maps from Planck-like simulations with foregrounds and systematics, achieving under 1% error outside the Galactic region and demonstrating first-time correction for non-circular beams and asymmetric scans.
DESI DR2 BAO data exhibits 2.3 sigma tension with CMB in Lambda-CDM but prefers evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) at 3.1 sigma with CMB and 2.8-4.2 sigma when including supernovae.
First-year DESI BAO data are consistent with flat LambdaCDM and, when combined with CMB, show a 2.5-3.9 sigma preference for evolving dark energy (w0 > -1, wa < 0) that strengthens with certain supernova datasets.
Manticore-Deep uses tiled Bayesian field-level inference on SDSS and BOSS data to produce posterior ensembles of 3D cosmic fields that are consistent with LCDM and validated by 7.4σ CMB lensing and 3.5σ kSZ detections.
A new eigenvalue method is introduced to compute the PDF of stochastic e-folds in inflation, recovering a known flat-potential result and analyzing constant-drift cases in narrow and broad well limits.
Directional stacking signals are reconstructed without information loss as cross-power spectra between the target field and the E/B modes of the spin field weighted by galaxy density.
Redshift drift for tilted observers consists of an FLRW background term plus directional corrections from peculiar expansion, projected shear, and acceleration along the line of sight.
Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich reconstruction from WISExSuperCOSMOS and unWISE galaxies with Planck data yields tight upper limits on bulk velocities consistent with LambdaCDM out to 2000 h^{-1} Mpc while showing tension with a quasar dipole interpretation.
Rotational averages of the angular correlation function isolate non-statistical isotropy components in the CMB sky as a real-space complement to BipoSH coefficients.
The paper detects CMB temperature decrements toward the spines of massive cosmic filaments in two independent nearby redshift ranges using 3D luminosity-density profiles.
Progenitor age corrections applied to Pantheon+ data shift the monopole q0 to positive values (deceleration) while the local dipole remains unchanged.
A multi-bin simultaneous dipole fitting method yields higher Bayes factors than single flux-cut approaches for non-power-law luminosity functions in cosmic dipole measurements.
Bayesian GPR recovers the 21cm signal within 2σ credible intervals for most k-modes (0.06 to 1.0 h/Mpc) in SKA1-Low simulations that include realistic residual foregrounds and systematics.
Early dark energy resolves CMB-BAO tension and, combined with thawing quintessence, reduces overall cosmological tensions without phantom crossing.
Establishes a parameter mapping from anisotropic matter black holes to nonlinear electrodynamics black holes, recovering known solutions like dark matter and scalar hair cases and extending to rotating extremal limits.
Evidence for dynamical dark energy in the w0waCDM framework is strongly dataset-dependent, driven by mismatches in low-redshift BAO distance ratios that produce divergent expansion histories and inconsistent Hubble tension relief.
Galaxy cluster observations yield two preferred directions with cosmic anisotropy amplitude of about 5.3 times 10 to the minus 4 at roughly 1 sigma overall significance, though higher in the XMM-Newton subsample.
Gravitationally induced particle creation models fit cosmological data as well as ΛCDM and reduce the Hubble tension from 4.3σ to 2.4–3σ.
Cross-correlation of DESI DR1 quasars with Planck PR4 CMB lensing constrains local f_NL to 2^{+28}_{-34} (p=1.6) or 6^{+20}_{-24} (p=1.0), tightening previous limits by 35%.
Deriving Hubble slow-roll parameters from an analytic approximate Hubble parameter in Starobinsky inflation provides better accuracy than the potential slow-roll approximation, reducing the inferred e-foldings by more than one for ns=0.9649.
SKAO will enable detection of synchrotron emission from prestellar cores to probe their magnetic field properties in nearby star-forming regions.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.