Sweeping secular resonance from an intermediate-mass companion and depleting disk enhances AGN TDE rates to 10^{-3}-10^{-2} per galaxy per year on Myr timescales.
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REBOUND: An open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics
32 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 1,022 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
32
Pith papers citing it
1,022
external citations · Crossref
abstract
REBOUND is a new multi-purpose N-body code which is freely available under an open-source license. It was designed for collisional dynamics such as planetary rings but can also solve the classical N-body problem. It is highly modular and can be customized easily to work on a wide variety of different problems in astrophysics and beyond. REBOUND comes with three symplectic integrators: leap-frog, the symplectic epicycle integrator (SEI) and a Wisdom-Holman mapping (WH). It supports open, periodic and shearing-sheet boundary conditions. REBOUND can use a Barnes-Hut tree to calculate both self-gravity and collisions. These modules are fully parallelized with MPI as well as OpenMP. The former makes use of a static domain decomposition and a distributed essential tree. Two new collision detection modules based on a plane-sweep algorithm are also implemented. The performance of the plane-sweep algorithm is superior to a tree code for simulations in which one dimension is much longer than the other two and in simulations which are quasi-two dimensional with less than one million particles. In this work, we discuss the different algorithms implemented in REBOUND, the philosophy behind the code's structure as well as implementation specific details of the different modules. We present results of accuracy and scaling tests which show that the code can run efficiently on both desktop machines and large computing clusters.
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background 2representative citing papers
Discovery of β Pic d, a 2-4 M_Jup planet at semi-major axis >30 au, via spectral template matching in JWST NIRSpec and MIRI data, confirmed by radial velocity and orbital stability.
SHARD is a collision-resolution framework that interpolates SPH results for remnants and clusters unresolved debris into N-body fragments while enforcing mass and water conservation for planet formation simulations.
Secular chaos regulated by the inner-to-outer ZLK timescale ratio R enables high-eccentricity tidal migration in 3+1 systems at sub-critical inclinations, producing polar hot Jupiters.
Nereid is proposed as Neptune's sole surviving regular satellite rather than a captured irregular satellite, based on new spectroscopic data and dynamical modeling.
Coordinated observations of a ~45 g earthgrazing fireball localize thermospheric shock generation to volatile-enhanced hydrodynamic shielding that enables continuum-like flow and detectable infrasound.
Realistic ISM fluctuations from TIGRESS-NCR MHD simulations drive stellar radial heating with σ_R ∝ t^{1/2} (early, cold) and t^{1/5} (late, warm) plus substantial migration explained by quasilinear theory with λ_* ~600 pc and τ_* ~70 Myr.
A W-Net deep learning model detects asteroids in TESS data independently of trajectory by rotating training image cubes and using adaptive normalization for data scaling.
Sharp migration-rate gradients in protoplanetary disks quench resonant overstability when the dimensionless steepness parameter β exceeds the ratio of semi-major axis to eccentricity evolution timescales.
Scattering cold Jupiters disrupt inner mean-motion resonances via secular perturbations from their orbital history, driving resonance circulation in most 2:1 and 3:2 configurations and explaining the Kepler period ratio distribution.
Scattering between close-in super-Earths and secularly perturbed cold planets can launch some planets into free-floating orbits.
A new wide-binary coordinate system in REBOUND's TRACE integrator produces qualitatively correct results for planet-planet scattering, stellar flybys, and ZLK oscillations where prior hybrid integrators fail, while matching IAS15 accuracy at up to 9x speed.
Close substellar companions suppress metal pollution in white dwarfs by a factor of 5.75 with 87% protection efficiency, backed by observations of 17 systems and N-body simulations.
Planetesimal disks with 1-4% of the planetary mass disrupt resonant Neptune chains, triggering instabilities that scatter planets to ~0.1 au orbits and enable hot Neptune formation on 10-100 Myr timescales.
Simulations indicate EKL interactions excite TTV phases and disrupt resonances in a significant fraction of near-resonant super-Earth systems over 16 Myr.
Numerical integrations favor interpreting the Quaoar occultation feature as a satellite rather than a triangular-point confined arc, while identifying stable regions for additional moons.
New 2025 transit timing of HIP 41378 f shows a 7-hour early arrival consistent with TTVs; N-body modeling with TRADES refines ephemerides for planets d, e, and f.
Dust particles inspiraling under PR drag are temporarily trapped in MMRs, escape due to overstability of librations, then undergo stochastic scattering with predicted fractions for planetary collision, sublimation, or ejection via an analytic epicycle model and Monte Carlo method.
Orbital calculations indicate that 1998 KY26 could be Phobos 1 if the probe executed two burns totaling 1.9 km/s after its 1988 loss.
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
Four-planet systems exhibit exponentially increasing lifetimes with orbital spacing, intermediate between three- and five-planet systems, with resonances causing shorter lifetimes and third-order MMRs adding destabilization near certain spacings.
N-body simulations demonstrate that post-capture chaotic planet-planet interactions around pulsars can produce stable low-eccentricity orbits after ejections.
Simulations show stars at the edges of stellar streams are more likely to retain unperturbed planetary systems than stars near the stream center.
Viscous stirring via gravitational scattering produces lognormal inclination distributions that yield Lorentzian vertical density profiles, which relax to Gaussians after equipartition, enabling estimates of perturber masses in ARKS debris disks.
citing papers explorer
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Enhancement of the Rate of Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei due to the Sweeping Secular Resonance Mechanism
Sweeping secular resonance from an intermediate-mass companion and depleting disk enhances AGN TDE rates to 10^{-3}-10^{-2} per galaxy per year on Myr timescales.
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Discovery of an Exterior Third Planet Orbiting $\beta$ Pictoris
Discovery of β Pic d, a 2-4 M_Jup planet at semi-major axis >30 au, via spectral template matching in JWST NIRSpec and MIRI data, confirmed by radial velocity and orbital stability.
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Clustering SPH Debris into N-body Fragments: A Collisional Code for Planet Formation
SHARD is a collision-resolution framework that interpolates SPH results for remnants and clusters unresolved debris into N-body fragments while enforcing mass and water conservation for planet formation simulations.
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High-Eccentricity Tidal Migration Driven by Secular Chaos in Wide-Binary Systems
Secular chaos regulated by the inner-to-outer ZLK timescale ratio R enables high-eccentricity tidal migration in 3+1 systems at sub-critical inclinations, producing polar hot Jupiters.
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Nereid as a Regular Satellite of Neptune
Nereid is proposed as Neptune's sole surviving regular satellite rather than a captured irregular satellite, based on new spectroscopic data and dynamical modeling.
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Shock wave formation in the thermosphere by an earthgrazing fireball: Empirical evidence for volatile-enhanced hydrodynamic shielding
Coordinated observations of a ~45 g earthgrazing fireball localize thermospheric shock generation to volatile-enhanced hydrodynamic shielding that enables continuum-like flow and detectable infrasound.
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Interstellar Medium-Driven Orbital Transport -- I. Radial Heating and Migration
Realistic ISM fluctuations from TIGRESS-NCR MHD simulations drive stellar radial heating with σ_R ∝ t^{1/2} (early, cold) and t^{1/5} (late, warm) plus substantial migration explained by quasilinear theory with λ_* ~600 pc and τ_* ~70 Myr.
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Trajectory-Agnostic Asteroid Detection in TESS with Deep Learning
A W-Net deep learning model detects asteroids in TESS data independently of trajectory by rotating training image cubes and using adaptive normalization for data scaling.
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Suppression of Resonant Overstability at Sharp Migration Gradients
Sharp migration-rate gradients in protoplanetary disks quench resonant overstability when the dimensionless steepness parameter β exceeds the ratio of semi-major axis to eccentricity evolution timescales.
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Impact of Cold Jupiter Scattering on the Mean-Motion Resonance of Inner Small Planets
Scattering cold Jupiters disrupt inner mean-motion resonances via secular perturbations from their orbital history, driving resonance circulation in most 2:1 and 3:2 configurations and explaining the Kepler period ratio distribution.
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A Robust Launching Mechanism for Freely-Floating Planets from Host Stars with Close-in Planets
Scattering between close-in super-Earths and secularly perturbed cold planets can launch some planets into free-floating orbits.
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A Coordinate System for Dynamical Instabilities in Hierarchical Systems in REBOUND
A new wide-binary coordinate system in REBOUND's TRACE integrator produces qualitatively correct results for planet-planet scattering, stellar flybys, and ZLK oscillations where prior hybrid integrators fail, while matching IAS15 accuracy at up to 9x speed.
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Fates of the sub-stellar objects (FOSSO) II. Evidence for Suppression of Metal Pollution in White Dwarfs by Close Substellar Companions
Close substellar companions suppress metal pollution in white dwarfs by a factor of 5.75 with 87% protection efficiency, backed by observations of 17 systems and N-body simulations.
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Planetesimal-Driven Instabilities in Resonant Chains of Cold Neptunes and Their Dynamical Outcomes
Planetesimal disks with 1-4% of the planetary mass disrupt resonant Neptune chains, triggering instabilities that scatter planets to ~0.1 au orbits and enable hot Neptune formation on 10-100 Myr timescales.
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Resonant Super-Earths Dancing With EKL Oscillations: TTV Phase Excitation and Resonance Disruption by EKL Interactions between a Cold Jupiter and Stellar Companion
Simulations indicate EKL interactions excite TTV phases and disrupt resonances in a significant fraction of near-resonant super-Earth systems over 16 Myr.
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Dynamical implications of the recently detected feature around Quaoar and constraints on the presence of additional satellites
Numerical integrations favor interpreting the Quaoar occultation feature as a satellite rather than a triangular-point confined arc, while identifying stable regions for additional moons.
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Observing a 542-day transiting giant with large TTVs: The 2025 transit of HIP 41378 f and new constraints on the outer system
New 2025 transit timing of HIP 41378 f shows a 7-hour early arrival consistent with TTVs; N-body modeling with TRADES refines ephemerides for planets d, e, and f.
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Resonance and Stochastic Dynamics of Interplanetary Dust
Dust particles inspiraling under PR drag are temporarily trapped in MMRs, escape due to overstability of librations, then undergo stochastic scattering with predicted fractions for planetary collision, sublimation, or ejection via an analytic epicycle model and Monte Carlo method.
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Is the Dark Comet 1998 KY$_{26}$ the Spacecraft Phobos 1?
Orbital calculations indicate that 1998 KY26 could be Phobos 1 if the probe executed two burns totaling 1.9 km/s after its 1988 loss.
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The Architecture of the 14 Herculis System Suggests Primordial Ejection of a Massive Planet
N-body simulations show that 14 Herculis's orbital architecture requires primordial ejection of an additional massive planet.
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Orbital Stability of Closely-Spaced Four-planet Systems
Four-planet systems exhibit exponentially increasing lifetimes with orbital spacing, intermediate between three- and five-planet systems, with resonances causing shorter lifetimes and third-order MMRs adding destabilization near certain spacings.
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Formation of stable exoplanetary systems around pulsars by capture: An exercise in computational classical mechanics
N-body simulations demonstrate that post-capture chaotic planet-planet interactions around pulsars can produce stable low-eccentricity orbits after ejections.
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Life is But a Stream: The Distribution of Planetary Systems Along Stellar Streams and their Properties
Simulations show stars at the edges of stellar streams are more likely to retain unperturbed planetary systems than stars near the stream center.
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Viscously Stirring Particle Disks into Lorentzians and Gaussians to Infer Dynamical and Collisional Masses (ARKS XIII)
Viscous stirring via gravitational scattering produces lognormal inclination distributions that yield Lorentzian vertical density profiles, which relax to Gaussians after equipartition, enabling estimates of perturber masses in ARKS debris disks.
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Terrestrial planet formation in the era of GPU computing
GPU-accelerated N-body simulations show that the common acceleration factor f distorts planetary chemical compositions and that terrestrial planets can form resonant chains without gas-driven orbital migration.
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Observation Timelines for the Potential Lunar Impact of Asteroid 2024 YR4
Asteroid 2024 YR4 has a 4.3% chance of striking the Moon in 2032, producing a 1 km crater with a visible optical flash, hours of infrared afterglow, magnitude-5 seismic reverberation, and escaping debris that could reach Earth.
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Long-term Orbital Period Variations of the Eclipsing Dwarf Nova HT Cas
MCMC modeling of the O-C diagram for HT Cas indicates two circumbinary companions causing the long-term period variations, yielding a negative quadratic term consistent with standard CV evolution below the period gap.
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The Barnard's Star Planetary System: Stability, Composition, and Evolution of Four Sub-Earth Exoplanets
Barnard's Star planets have masses 0.19-0.84 M_earth, are tidally locked, unlikely to retain primary atmospheres, and possess mantles rich in ferropericlase with less than half Earth's water capacity and radiogenic heating.
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Comet 1P/Halley Completes 15 Orbits in 1,151 Years: Commensurability with the Solar System Quasi-Period and Evidence for Jupiter-Saturn Dynamical Coupling
Comet Halley exhibits a precise 15:1 commensurability with a 1,151-year solar-system quasi-period, with Jupiter and Saturn providing coherent perturbation cancellation over that baseline.
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Investigating the System Configuration of Kepler-451 through Orbital Period Variations: Dynamical and Magnetic Interpretations
Updated O-C diagrams for Kepler-451 favor a circumbinary planet at 3.4 AU after removing likely magnetic signals, with other LTT terms possibly systematic or magnetic in origin.
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TOI-2147 b and TOI-6019 b: Two eccentric warm Jupiters detected and characterized with TESS and MaHPS
Detection and characterization of two eccentric warm Jupiters TOI-2147 b (P=26.2 d, e=0.29, M=116 M⊕) and TOI-6019 b (P=14.5 d, e=0.48, M=149 M⊕) with TESS and MaHPS data, showing mildly inflated radii consistent with tidal heating.
- Eccentricity as a signature of hierarchical subsolar-mass mergers in collapsar disks