AutoResearchBench is a new benchmark showing top AI agents achieve under 10% success on complex scientific literature discovery tasks that demand deep comprehension and open-ended search.
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Towards an AI co-scientist
41 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Scientific discovery relies on scientists generating novel hypotheses that undergo rigorous experimental validation. To augment this process, we introduce an AI co-scientist, a multi-agent system built on Gemini 2.0. The AI co-scientist is intended to help uncover new, original knowledge and to formulate demonstrably novel research hypotheses and proposals, building upon prior evidence and aligned to scientist-provided research objectives and guidance. The system's design incorporates a generate, debate, and evolve approach to hypothesis generation, inspired by the scientific method and accelerated by scaling test-time compute. Key contributions include: (1) a multi-agent architecture with an asynchronous task execution framework for flexible compute scaling; (2) a tournament evolution process for self-improving hypotheses generation. Automated evaluations show continued benefits of test-time compute, improving hypothesis quality. While general purpose, we focus development and validation in three biomedical areas: drug repurposing, novel target discovery, and explaining mechanisms of bacterial evolution and anti-microbial resistance. For drug repurposing, the system proposes candidates with promising validation findings, including candidates for acute myeloid leukemia that show tumor inhibition in vitro at clinically applicable concentrations. For novel target discovery, the AI co-scientist proposed new epigenetic targets for liver fibrosis, validated by anti-fibrotic activity and liver cell regeneration in human hepatic organoids. Finally, the AI co-scientist recapitulated unpublished experimental results via a parallel in silico discovery of a novel gene transfer mechanism in bacterial evolution. These results, detailed in separate, co-timed reports, demonstrate the potential to augment biomedical and scientific discovery and usher an era of AI empowered scientists.
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- abstract Scientific discovery relies on scientists generating novel hypotheses that undergo rigorous experimental validation. To augment this process, we introduce an AI co-scientist, a multi-agent system built on Gemini 2.0. The AI co-scientist is intended to help uncover new, original knowledge and to formulate demonstrably novel research hypotheses and proposals, building upon prior evidence and aligned to scientist-provided research objectives and guidance. The system's design incorporates a generate, debate, and evolve approach to hypothesis generation, inspired by the scientific method and accele
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citing papers explorer
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RosettaSearch: Multi-Objective Inference-Time Search for Protein Sequence Design
RosettaSearch applies LLM-driven multi-objective search at inference time to improve backbone-conditioned protein sequences, recovering designs with 18-68% better structural fidelity and 2.5x higher success rates than single-pass models like LigandMPNN.
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GRAFT-ATHENA: Self-Improving Agentic Teams for Autonomous Discovery and Evolutionary Numerical Algorithms
GRAFT-ATHENA projects combinatorial method choices into factored trees that embed as fingerprints in a metric space, enabling an agentic system to accumulate experience across domains and autonomously discover new numerical techniques for physics-informed problems.
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Intervention-Based Time Series Causal Discovery via Simulator-Generated Interventional Distributions
SVAR-FM uses simulator clamping to produce interventional distributions and flow matching to identify time series causal structures, with an error bound that predicts sign reversal of causal effects below a simulator accuracy threshold.
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MLS-Bench: A Holistic and Rigorous Assessment of AI Systems on Building Better AI
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FAME: Forecasting Academic Impact via Continuous-Time Manifold Evolution
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Hypothesis generation and updating in large language models
LLMs exhibit Bayesian-like hypothesis updating with strong-sampling bias and an evaluation-generation gap but generalize poorly outside observed data.
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PRL-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluating LLMs' Capabilities in Frontier Physics Research
PRL-Bench evaluates frontier LLMs on 100 real physics research tasks and finds the best models score below 50, exposing a gap to autonomous discovery.