Pith. sign in

REVIEW 27 cited by

SimpleTIR: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2509.02479 v2 pith:76D4Y36T submitted 2025-09-02 cs.LG

SimpleTIR: End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning

classification cs.LG
keywords reasoningsimpletirlearningmulti-turntrainingturnsexternalidentify
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
read the original abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve their reasoning capabilities by interacting with external tools, a paradigm known as Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR). However, extending TIR to multi-turn scenarios using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is often hindered by training instability and performance collapse. We identify that such instability is primarily caused by a distributional drift from external tool feedback, leading to the generation of low-probability tokens. This issue compounds over successive turns, causing catastrophic gradient norm explosions that derail the training process. To address this challenge, we introduce SimpleTIR , a plug-and-play algorithm that stabilizes multi-turn TIR training. Its core strategy is to identify and filter out trajectories containing void turns, i.e., turns that yield neither a code block nor a final answer. By removing these problematic trajectories from the policy update, SimpleTIR effectively blocks the harmful, high-magnitude gradients, thus stabilizing the learning dynamics. Extensive experiments show that SimpleTIR achieves state-of-the-art performance on challenging math reasoning benchmarks, notably elevating the AIME24 score from a text-only baseline of 22.1 to 50.5 when starting from the Qwen2.5-7B base model. Furthermore, by avoiding the constraints of supervised fine-tuning, SimpleTIR encourages the model to discover diverse and sophisticated reasoning patterns, such as self-correction and cross-validation.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 27 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Extrapolative Weight Averaging Reveals Correctness-Efficiency Frontiers in Code RL

    cs.LG 2026-05 conditional novelty 7.0

    Extrapolative weight averaging of RL checkpoints trained under nested unit-test coverage extends a correctness-efficiency frontier and boosts ensemble pass rates in code generation across model scales and inference modes.

  2. The Cancellation Hypothesis in Critic-Free RL: From Outcome Rewards to Token Credits

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The cancellation hypothesis shows how rollout-level rewards produce token-level credit assignment in critic-free RL through cancellation of opposing signals on shared tokens, with empirical support and batching interv...

  3. Rethinking Importance Sampling in LLM Policy Optimization: A Cumulative Token Perspective

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    The cumulative token IS ratio gives unbiased prefix correction and lower variance than full-sequence ratios for token-level gradients in LLM policy optimization, enabling CTPO to outperform GRPO and GSPO baselines on ...

  4. Watching, Reasoning, and Searching: A Video Deep Research Benchmark on Open Web for Agentic Video Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    VideoDR is a new benchmark for open-web video deep research that tests multimodal models on cross-frame visual anchor extraction, interactive retrieval, and multi-hop reasoning over joint video-web evidence.

  5. SCRIBE: Structured Mid-Level Supervision for Tool-Using Language Models

    cs.AI 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    SCRIBE introduces skill-conditioned rewards with intermediate behavioral evaluation to reduce noise in training tool-augmented agents, raising AIME25 accuracy from 43.3% to 63.3% on a Qwen3-4B model.

  6. Training Multi-Image Vision Agents via End2End Reinforcement Learning

    cs.CV 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    IMAgent trains a multi-image vision agent via pure end-to-end RL with visual reflection tools and a two-layer motion trajectory masking strategy, reaching SOTA on single- and multi-image benchmarks while revealing too...

  7. Behavior Leverage Imbalance in Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Multi-teacher on-policy distillation can cause tool over-calling due to disproportionate signals at mode-entry tokens, and a per-token divergence calibration method called Soft Clamp mitigates this shift.

  8. Learning When Not to Act: Mitigating Tool Abuse in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    EAPO learns selective tool use in agentic RL via tool-free trajectories, difficulty-aware reward shaping, and confidence-aware token reweighting, improving accuracy while cutting tool calls versus GRPO on nine reasoni...

  9. Efficient Agentic Reasoning Through Self-Regulated Simulative Planning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SR²AM achieves competitive Pass@1 accuracy on diverse tasks with 25.8-95.3% fewer reasoning tokens than much larger models by using self-regulated simulative planning trained via supervised learning and RL.

  10. Harnessing LLM Agents with Skill Programs

    cs.AI 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    HASP upgrades textual skills into executable Program Functions that intervene in LLM agent loops at inference, post-training, or self-evolution, delivering 25% gains over ReAct and 30.4% over Search-R1 on reasoning be...

  11. PruneTIR: Inference-Time Tool Call Pruning for Effective yet Efficient Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PruneTIR prunes erroneous tool-call trajectories during LLM inference via three trigger-based components to raise Pass@1 accuracy and efficiency while shortening context.

  12. TIDE-Bench: Task-Aware and Diagnostic Evaluation of Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TIDE-Bench is a new benchmark for tool-integrated reasoning that combines diverse tasks, multi-aspect metrics covering answer quality, process reliability, efficiency and cost, plus filtered challenging test sets.

  13. SOD: Step-wise On-policy Distillation for Small Language Model Agents

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    SOD reweights on-policy distillation strength step-by-step using divergence to stabilize tool use in small language model agents, yielding up to 20.86% gains and 26.13% on AIME 2025 for a 0.6B model.

  14. Teaching Thinking Models to Reason with Tools: A Full-Pipeline Recipe for Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A training recipe for tool-integrated reasoning models achieves state-of-the-art open-source results on math benchmarks such as 96.7% and 99.2% on AIME 2025 at 4B and 30B scales by balancing tool-use trajectories and ...

  15. T$^2$PO: Uncertainty-Guided Exploration Control for Stable Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    T²PO improves stability and performance in multi-turn agentic RL by using uncertainty dynamics at token and turn levels to guide exploration and avoid wasted rollouts.

  16. When to Trust Tools? Adaptive Tool Trust Calibration For Tool-Integrated Math Reasoning

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ATTC reduces 'Tool Ignored' errors in tool-integrated reasoning by adaptively trusting tool results according to generated code confidence, yielding 4.1-7.5% gains across models and datasets.

  17. AnomalyAgent: Agentic Industrial Anomaly Synthesis via Tool-Augmented Reinforcement Learning

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    AnomalyAgent uses tool-augmented reinforcement learning with self-reflection to generate realistic industrial anomalies, achieving better metrics than zero-shot methods on MVTec-AD.

  18. Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimization

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    MAPO improves multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning by requiring explicit textual descriptions of visual tool results and using a novel advantage estimator that combines semantic alignment with task rewards.

  19. Why Multi-Step Tool-Use Reinforcement Learning Collapses and How Supervisory Signals Fix It

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    RL for LLM multi-step tool use collapses from control token probability spikes but interleaving SFT improves stability at the cost of OOD generalization.

  20. Latent Visual States for Efficient Multimodal Reasoning

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    EVA generates adaptive Latent_slot tokens as internal visual thoughts, trained end-to-end with text tokens via D-GSPO on the EVA-230K dataset, claiming performance gains and better inference efficiency.

  21. Pushing the Limits of LLM Tool Calling via Experiential Knowledge Integration and Activation

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Instance-level experiential knowledge provides strong gains for LLM tool calling, parallel sampling activates it more effectively than deeper reasoning, and RL-based internalization outperforms SFT, yielding the KATE ...

  22. Local Guidance, Global Impact: Gaussian-Reshaped Trust Region Unlocks Behavior Transitions

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    GTR introduces a bounded non-monotonic Gaussian trust region and Mixture Gaussian Anchor to enable effective behavior transitions in non-stationary RL where standard PPO fails.

  23. E3-TIR: Enhanced Experience Exploitation for Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    E3-TIR integrates expert prefixes, guided branches, and self-exploration via mix policy optimization to deliver 6% better tool-use performance with under 10% of the usual synthetic data and 1.46x ROI.

  24. MemOCR: Layout-Aware Visual Memory for Efficient Long-Horizon Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    MemOCR renders structured memory as images with adaptive visual density to improve long-horizon reasoning under tight context budgets.

  25. Mini-o3: Scaling Up Reasoning Patterns and Interaction Turns for Visual Search

    cs.CV 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Mini-o3 scales visual search reasoning to tens of interaction turns via a new probe dataset, iterative trajectory collection, and over-turn masking in RL, claiming SOTA performance while training only up to six turns.

  26. AIR: Adaptive Interleaved Reasoning with Code in MLLMs

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    AIR applies RL with a group-constrained reward and custom data pipeline to enable adaptive code-interleaved reasoning in MLLMs, reporting 6.1 pp average benchmark gains.

  27. The Agent Use of Agent Beings: Agent Cybernetics Is the Missing Science of Foundation Agents

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Agent Cybernetics reframes foundation agent design by adapting classical cybernetics laws into three engineering desiderata for reliable, long-running, self-improving agents.