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DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

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The rapid development of open-source large language models (LLMs) has been truly remarkable. However, the scaling law described in previous literature presents varying conclusions, which casts a dark cloud over scaling LLMs. We delve into the study of scaling laws and present our distinctive findings that facilitate scaling of large scale models in two commonly used open-source configurations, 7B and 67B. Guided by the scaling laws, we introduce DeepSeek LLM, a project dedicated to advancing open-source language models with a long-term perspective. To support the pre-training phase, we have developed a dataset that currently consists of 2 trillion tokens and is continuously expanding. We further conduct supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) on DeepSeek LLM Base models, resulting in the creation of DeepSeek Chat models. Our evaluation results demonstrate that DeepSeek LLM 67B surpasses LLaMA-2 70B on various benchmarks, particularly in the domains of code, mathematics, and reasoning. Furthermore, open-ended evaluations reveal that DeepSeek LLM 67B Chat exhibits superior performance compared to GPT-3.5.

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  • abstract The rapid development of open-source large language models (LLMs) has been truly remarkable. However, the scaling law described in previous literature presents varying conclusions, which casts a dark cloud over scaling LLMs. We delve into the study of scaling laws and present our distinctive findings that facilitate scaling of large scale models in two commonly used open-source configurations, 7B and 67B. Guided by the scaling laws, we introduce DeepSeek LLM, a project dedicated to advancing open-source language models with a long-term perspective. To support the pre-training phase, we have de

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Large Language Diffusion Models

cs.CL · 2025-02-14 · unverdicted · novelty 8.0

LLaDA is a scalable diffusion-based language model that matches autoregressive LLMs like LLaMA3 8B on tasks and surpasses GPT-4o on reversal poem completion.

Causal Bias Detection in Generative Artificial Intelligence

cs.AI · 2026-05-12 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

Develops a causal framework unifying generative AI fairness with standard ML, with new decompositions, identification conditions, and estimators demonstrated on LLM race and gender bias.

CodeMind: Evaluating Large Language Models for Code Reasoning

cs.SE · 2024-02-15 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

CodeMind evaluates ten LLMs on four benchmarks using three new code reasoning tasks, finding performance varies by model size and drops with complexity while showing no correlation with bug repair ability.

Quantifying Hyperparameter Transfer and the Importance of Embedding Layer Learning Rate

cs.LG · 2026-05-20 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

A framework quantifies hyperparameter transfer via scaling-law fit quality, extrapolation robustness, and loss penalty, with ablations showing that μP's advantage over standard parameterization stems from maximizing the embedding layer learning rate to avoid bottlenecks and instabilities in AdamW.

Reading Calibrated Uncertainty from Language Model Trajectories

cs.LG · 2026-05-19 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Geometric features from per-layer MLP update trajectories fed to a sparse linear probe outperform maximum softmax probability for uncertainty quantification under selective abstention, with gains up to 21 AURC points.

Contextualized Code Pretraining for Code Generation

cs.SE · 2026-05-18 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

Introduces contextualized code pretraining with caller-callee pairs from static analysis to train CallerGen models that outperform baselines on the new CallerEval benchmark.

SEED: Targeted Data Selection by Weighted Independent Set

cs.LG · 2026-05-15 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

SEED models data selection as Weighted Independent Set on a similarity graph, using node value calibration and local scale normalization to produce compact high-quality training subsets that outperform prior methods on instruction tuning and segmentation tasks.

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