Dust grain size distributions evolve from large-grain dominated at high redshift to MRN-like at low redshift, driven primarily by shattering and ISM accretion after stars supply initial large grains, reproducing z=0 dust masses and Milky Way extinction properties.
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Cosmological zoom-in simulations find that grain-grain shattering in diffuse ISM gas drives rising PAH mass fraction with time, naturally producing the observed PAH-metallicity relation and inverse qPAH-molecular gas trends.
Second-epoch JWST/MIRI-MRS mid-IR spectra of SN 1987A show little overall dust evolution but inner equatorial ring fading, rapid ejecta line changes, some ER line fading, first mid-IR H2 from ejecta, and evidence that dense Fe-rich ejecta has reached the reverse shock.
MUSE observations of Tc 1 map structured extinction, Te, and Ne, revealing a low-extinction annulus outside the main fullerene zone that is interpreted as evidence for locally altered dust properties in the core-halo transition.
Semi-analytical model links observed scattering-surface height to small-dust mass, yielding global mass fractions of order 10^{-3} consistent with modest grain growth in ten protoplanetary disks.
UV/optical attenuation underpredicts IR luminosity by 3-10x across 0<z<7 while κ_UV/κ_FIR falls by over an order of magnitude, pointing to evolving dust grain properties in average galaxies.
Non-detections of expected third flares in TDE 2022dbl and TDE 2020vdq support rpTDE interpretation over independent events, with modeling favoring bound main-sequence star orbits and deep initial encounters.
Late-time JWST spectra of SN 2023xgo detect cool silicate or carbonaceous dust masses of order 0.01-0.03 solar masses plus narrow He I emission indicating ongoing circumstellar interaction at +377 days.
Radial velocity data reveal a 310-day orbital period in NaSt1 with opposing phases in two groups of emission lines, supporting its nature as a post-mass-transfer massive binary system.
A z=4.556 QSO exhibits A_1500/A_V ≈8 with no 2175Å bump, taken as evidence for small-grain dominance from QSO-driven shattering or condensation.
An obscured tidal disruption event in SDSS J010320.39+140152.5 was identified through its mid- and near-infrared dust echo peaking at 5.4e43 Lsun.
JADES DR5 delivers a public catalog of Bayesian-inferred stellar masses, SFRs, SFHs, dust, metallicities, and AGN contributions for ~500k galaxies via Prospector with an evolving SFMS prior.
N6946-BH1's remnant is roughly 10 times fainter than its progenitor while stellar merger remnants are 10-100 times brighter, and asymmetric dust cannot explain the difference.
New NIR and optical spectra of the outbursting comet 12P/Pons-Brooks detect crystalline water ice at 140-170 K and gas ratios indicating typical C3 but depleted C2, with outburst kinetic energy of ~8e3 J/kg supporting amorphous ice crystallization as the trigger and a refractory-to-ice mass ratio of
Binary evolution modeling constrains donor masses of 14-23 solar masses for two luminous red novae and shows dust masses are 1-5 orders of magnitude below total ejected envelope masses.
RAT alignment boosted by B-star radiation plus DG alignment reproduces super-Serkowski spectra in HD 30614 and HD 204827 while standard RAT alone fits Serkowski spectra in HD 37903 and HD 161056.
Proposal for multi-orbit panchromatic UV spectroscopy with boosted HST to study the shape of escaping ionizing radiation and star formation histories in galaxies at modest redshift.
Spectroscopic observations of disintegrating comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) classify it as a typical Oort cloud comet with less dust, where porous dust accounts for its slightly red reflectivity gradient of ~5% per 1000 Å.
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MUSE Imaging Spectroscopy of the Fullerene Planetary Nebula Tc 1
MUSE observations of Tc 1 map structured extinction, Te, and Ne, revealing a low-extinction annulus outside the main fullerene zone that is interpreted as evidence for locally altered dust properties in the core-halo transition.