DAPRO provides the first dynamic, theoretically guaranteed way to allocate interaction budgets across test cases for bounding time-to-event in multi-turn LLM evaluations, achieving tighter coverage than static conformal survival methods.
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Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Report
29 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
abstract
This technical report presents the training methodology and evaluation results of the open-source multilingual E5 text embedding models, released in mid-2023. Three embedding models of different sizes (small / base / large) are provided, offering a balance between the inference efficiency and embedding quality. The training procedure adheres to the English E5 model recipe, involving contrastive pre-training on 1 billion multilingual text pairs, followed by fine-tuning on a combination of labeled datasets. Additionally, we introduce a new instruction-tuned embedding model, whose performance is on par with state-of-the-art, English-only models of similar sizes. Information regarding the model release can be found at https://github.com/microsoft/unilm/tree/master/e5 .
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representative citing papers
EPIC trains LLMs to treat continuous embeddings as in-context prompts, yielding state-of-the-art text embedding performance on MTEB with or without prompts at inference and lower compute.
Defines ATIR task and benchmark for mixed audio-text queries; MLLM model with token compression shows substantial gains over strong baselines.
RARE builds redundancy-aware benchmarks via atomic fact decomposition and CRRF-enhanced LLM generation, showing retriever PerfRecall@10 dropping from 66.4% on general data to 5.0-27.9% on high-similarity finance/legal/patent corpora.
Code-switching creates a fundamental performance bottleneck for multilingual retrievers, causing drops of up to 27% on new benchmarks CSR-L and CS-MTEB, with embedding divergence as the key cause and vocabulary expansion insufficient to fix it.
Claim2Vec is a contrastively fine-tuned multilingual encoder that improves claim clustering performance and embedding space structure on multilingual fact-check datasets.
An extended annotation scheme with new categories and attributes plus a Gemma-300M-based multi-head classifier achieves 81.6% macro F1 on personal fact classification, outperforming few-shot LLM baselines by nearly 9 points with lower compute.
GELATO extends frozen text embedding models with locked image and audio encoders, training minimal connectors to produce a single semantic embedding space for text, image, audio, and video while keeping original text performance unchanged.
MLAIRE is a protocol that evaluates multilingual retrievers on both semantic accuracy and query-language preference using parallel passages and new metrics like LPR and Lang-nDCG, showing that standard metrics hide distinct behavioral differences among retrievers.
Kernel Affine Hull Machines map lexical features to semantic embeddings via RKHS and least-mean-squares, outperforming adapters in reconstruction and retrieval metrics while reducing latency 8.5-fold on a legal benchmark.
Iterative LLM-based refinement of category definitions improves zero-shot classification performance across 13 embedding models on a new 10-category web URL benchmark.
JFinTEB is the first benchmark for evaluating Japanese financial text embeddings across retrieval and classification tasks derived from realistic financial scenarios.
HIVE raises multimodal retrieval nDCG@10 to 41.7 on the MM-BRIGHT benchmark by inserting LLM-driven hypothesis generation and verification between retrieval passes, delivering +9.5 over the best text-only baseline and +14.1 over the best multimodal baseline.
VERTIGO post-trains camera trajectory generators with visual preference signals from Unity-rendered previews scored by a cinematically fine-tuned VLM, cutting character off-screen rates from 38% to near zero while improving framing and prompt adherence.
Retrievers trained on agent trajectories via the LRAT framework improve evidence recall, task success, and efficiency in agentic search benchmarks.
GRC unifies generation, retrieval, and compression in LLMs via meta latent tokens for single-pass execution with modular flexibility.
CroSearch-R1 applies search-augmented RL with cross-lingual integration and multilingual rollouts to improve RAG effectiveness on multilingual collections.
AffectAgent deploys a query planner, evidence filter, and emotion generator as collaborative agents trained via MAPPO with shared reward, plus MB-MoE and RAAF modules, to achieve superior multimodal emotion recognition on MER-UniBench.
A new memory system for social robots selectively stores multimodal memories by emotional salience and novelty, achieving 0.506 Spearman correlation in selectivity and up to 13% better Recall@1 in multimodal retrieval.
Systematic tests show that specific PDF parsers combined with overlapping chunking strategies better preserve structure and improve RAG answer correctness on financial QA benchmarks including the new TableQuest dataset.
Quantum-inspired 1024-D document embeddings exhibit weak, unstable ranking performance and structural geometric limitations, performing better as auxiliary components in hybrid lexical-embedding retrieval systems.
ADAM uses personality-guided LLM augmentation and cross-lingual attention distillation to raise balanced accuracy on multilingual personality recognition to 0.6332 on Essays and 0.7448 on Kaggle, outperforming standard BCE loss.
Dual-Stream Calibration uses entropy minimization and iterative meta-learning at test time to internalize clinical evidence and outperform standard in-context learning baselines on medical tasks.
SmolLM2 is a 1.7B-parameter language model that outperforms Qwen2.5-1.5B and Llama3.2-1B after overtraining on 11 trillion tokens using custom FineMath, Stack-Edu, and SmolTalk datasets in a multi-stage pipeline.
citing papers explorer
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How Many Iterations to Jailbreak? Dynamic Budget Allocation for Multi-Turn LLM Evaluation
DAPRO provides the first dynamic, theoretically guaranteed way to allocate interaction budgets across test cases for bounding time-to-event in multi-turn LLM evaluations, achieving tighter coverage than static conformal survival methods.
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Embedding-based In-Context Prompt Training for Enhancing LLMs as Text Encoders
EPIC trains LLMs to treat continuous embeddings as in-context prompts, yielding state-of-the-art text embedding performance on MTEB with or without prompts at inference and lower compute.
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ATIR: Towards Audio-Text Interleaved Contextual Retrieval
Defines ATIR task and benchmark for mixed audio-text queries; MLLM model with token compression shows substantial gains over strong baselines.
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RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora
RARE builds redundancy-aware benchmarks via atomic fact decomposition and CRRF-enhanced LLM generation, showing retriever PerfRecall@10 dropping from 66.4% on general data to 5.0-27.9% on high-similarity finance/legal/patent corpora.
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Code-Switching Information Retrieval: Benchmarks, Analysis, and the Limits of Current Retrievers
Code-switching creates a fundamental performance bottleneck for multilingual retrievers, causing drops of up to 27% on new benchmarks CSR-L and CS-MTEB, with embedding divergence as the key cause and vocabulary expansion insufficient to fix it.
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Claim2Vec: Embedding Fact-Check Claims for Multilingual Similarity and Clustering
Claim2Vec is a contrastively fine-tuned multilingual encoder that improves claim clustering performance and embedding space structure on multilingual fact-check datasets.
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An Annotation Scheme and Classifier for Personal Facts in Dialogue
An extended annotation scheme with new categories and attributes plus a Gemma-300M-based multi-head classifier achieves 81.6% macro F1 on personal fact classification, outperforming few-shot LLM baselines by nearly 9 points with lower compute.
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jina-embeddings-v5-omni: Geometry-preserving Embeddings via Locked Aligned Towers
GELATO extends frozen text embedding models with locked image and audio encoders, training minimal connectors to produce a single semantic embedding space for text, image, audio, and video while keeping original text performance unchanged.
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MLAIRE: Multilingual Language-Aware Information Retrieval Evaluation Protocal
MLAIRE is a protocol that evaluates multilingual retrievers on both semantic accuracy and query-language preference using parallel passages and new metrics like LPR and Lang-nDCG, showing that standard metrics hide distinct behavioral differences among retrievers.
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Kernel Affine Hull Machines for Compute-Efficient Query-Side Semantic Encoding
Kernel Affine Hull Machines map lexical features to semantic embeddings via RKHS and least-mean-squares, outperforming adapters in reconstruction and retrieval metrics while reducing latency 8.5-fold on a legal benchmark.
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Iterative Definition Refinement for Zero-Shot Classification via LLM-Based Semantic Prototype Optimization
Iterative LLM-based refinement of category definitions improves zero-shot classification performance across 13 embedding models on a new 10-category web URL benchmark.
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JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark
JFinTEB is the first benchmark for evaluating Japanese financial text embeddings across retrieval and classification tasks derived from realistic financial scenarios.
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HIVE: Query, Hypothesize, Verify An LLM Framework for Multimodal Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval
HIVE raises multimodal retrieval nDCG@10 to 41.7 on the MM-BRIGHT benchmark by inserting LLM-driven hypothesis generation and verification between retrieval passes, delivering +9.5 over the best text-only baseline and +14.1 over the best multimodal baseline.
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VERTIGO: Visual Preference Optimization for Cinematic Camera Trajectory Generation
VERTIGO post-trains camera trajectory generators with visual preference signals from Unity-rendered previews scored by a cinematically fine-tuned VLM, cutting character off-screen rates from 38% to near zero while improving framing and prompt adherence.
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Learning to Retrieve from Agent Trajectories
Retrievers trained on agent trajectories via the LRAT framework improve evidence recall, task success, and efficiency in agentic search benchmarks.
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GRC: Unifying Reasoning-Driven Generation, Retrieval and Compression
GRC unifies generation, retrieval, and compression in LLMs via meta latent tokens for single-pass execution with modular flexibility.
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CroSearch-R1: Better Leveraging Cross-lingual Knowledge for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
CroSearch-R1 applies search-augmented RL with cross-lingual integration and multilingual rollouts to improve RAG effectiveness on multilingual collections.
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AffectAgent: Collaborative Multi-Agent Reasoning for Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Emotion Recognition
AffectAgent deploys a query planner, evidence filter, and emotion generator as collaborative agents trained via MAPPO with shared reward, plus MB-MoE and RAAF modules, to achieve superior multimodal emotion recognition on MER-UniBench.
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Human-Inspired Context-Selective Multimodal Memory for Social Robots
A new memory system for social robots selectively stores multimodal memories by emotional salience and novelty, achieving 0.506 Spearman correlation in selectivity and up to 13% better Recall@1 in multimodal retrieval.
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Empirical Evaluation of PDF Parsing and Chunking for Financial Question Answering with RAG
Systematic tests show that specific PDF parsers combined with overlapping chunking strategies better preserve structure and improve RAG answer correctness on financial QA benchmarks including the new TableQuest dataset.
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On the Representational Limits of Quantum-Inspired 1024-D Document Embeddings: An Experimental Evaluation Framework
Quantum-inspired 1024-D document embeddings exhibit weak, unstable ranking performance and structural geometric limitations, performing better as auxiliary components in hybrid lexical-embedding retrieval systems.
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Cross-Lingual Attention Distillation with Personality-Informed Generative Augmentation for Multilingual Personality Recognition
ADAM uses personality-guided LLM augmentation and cross-lingual attention distillation to raise balanced accuracy on multilingual personality recognition to 0.6332 on Essays and 0.7448 on Kaggle, outperforming standard BCE loss.
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From Exposure to Internalization: Dual-Stream Calibration for In-context Clinical Reasoning
Dual-Stream Calibration uses entropy minimization and iterative meta-learning at test time to internalize clinical evidence and outperform standard in-context learning baselines on medical tasks.
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SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model
SmolLM2 is a 1.7B-parameter language model that outperforms Qwen2.5-1.5B and Llama3.2-1B after overtraining on 11 trillion tokens using custom FineMath, Stack-Edu, and SmolTalk datasets in a multi-stage pipeline.
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Granite Embedding Multilingual R2 Models
Granite Embedding Multilingual R2 releases 311M and 97M parameter bi-encoder models that achieve state-of-the-art retrieval performance on multilingual text, code, long-document, and reasoning datasets.
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Pre-trained LLMs Meet Sequential Recommenders: Efficient User-Centric Knowledge Distillation
A distillation technique embeds LLM-generated textual user profiles into efficient sequential recommenders without runtime LLM inference, architectural changes, or fine-tuning.
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Comparison of Modern Multilingual Text Embedding Techniques for Hate Speech Detection Task
Supervised models using embeddings like jina and e5 reach up to 92% accuracy on multilingual hate speech detection, substantially outperforming anomaly detection, while PCA to 64 dimensions preserves most performance in the supervised case.
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Qwen3-VL-Embedding and Qwen3-VL-Reranker: A Unified Framework for State-of-the-Art Multimodal Retrieval and Ranking
Qwen3-VL-Embedding-8B achieves state-of-the-art performance with a 77.8 overall score on the MMEB-V2 multimodal embedding benchmark.
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Continual Learning with Multilingual Foundation Model
Framework using XLM-RoBERTa, back-translation augmentation, and language-specific thresholds detects reclaimed slurs with 2-5% F1 score gains.