Two young low-mass stars show solar C/O ratios while their inner disks are hydrocarbon-rich with C/O greater than one, providing direct evidence that disk processes enhance inner-disk carbon.
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G., Nordlund ., Plez B.
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Magnetic fields in six of nine T-Tauri stars show rotationally modulated variability that evolves in strength and spatial distribution over year-long baselines, with magnetic filling factors larger than temperature-derived spot areas.
The low-mass IMF in Boötes I is consistent with the Milky Way within 68% confidence for broken power-law and lognormal forms, indicating universality at low metallicity.
The first eclipsing CEMP candidate is identified in a 1.224-day binary, with 3.5% of dwarf carbon stars showing short-period variability consistent with tidally locked post-common envelope systems and supporting wind capture for carbon enhancement.
Improved pPXF uses analytic Fourier transforms of Gauss-Hermite functions for accurate convolution, providing reliable velocities even when σ is much less than the sampling ΔV.
New high-resolution spectra yield abundances for 7 neutron-capture elements in open cluster stars, revealing flat Milky Way gradients for second-peak s- and r-process species and shallower slopes for first-peak s-process.
New NIR OH-based oxygen abundances for 35 VMP stars are empirically calibrated against the [OI] line to flatten the [O/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend and improve agreement with Galactic chemical evolution models.
CRIRES+ spectra of 30 RGB stars in Liller 1 reveal multi-metallicity sub-populations with abundance trends matching the bulge field and Terzan 5, indicating in-situ formation rather than globular-cluster origin.
The MAGIC survey provides photometric metallicities for RGB stars over ~3000 deg² using CaHK narrow-band imaging plus DELVE g,r,i data, recovering 13/14 known ultra-faint dwarfs and confirming a distant Reticulum II member.
TOI-5882, a lithium-enriched subgiant with a brown dwarf companion, shows enrichment consistent with engulfment of a super-Earth to Neptune-mass planet.
NLTE study finds Spite Plateau extends to lower metallicities with positive slope and identifies lithium plateau in lower red giant branch stars at A(Li)=1.13 dex.
Abundance analysis of V505 Per shows mostly solar [X/Fe] ratios with manganese deficiency and effective temperatures positioning both stars on the hot edge of the lithium dip.
The Gaia BH3 companion exhibits an r-I abundance pattern reproduced by core-collapse supernova plus r-process yields and closely matching diluted ED-2 stars, supporting early cluster enrichment over local pollution.
Negative Ca II IRT residual indices in FGK stars arise mainly because synthetic photospheric templates miss chromospheric structure and NLTE effects that deepen the observed cores.
N6946-BH1's remnant is roughly 10 times fainter than its progenitor while stellar merger remnants are 10-100 times brighter, and asymmetric dust cannot explain the difference.
Reanalysis of 79 solar twins indicates the Sun's chemical peculiarity is largely explained by Galactic chemical evolution, with 2-6 candidates possibly showing planetary engulfment.
Weak-CN features in red supergiants across the LMC, M33, and M31 are the expected molecular-equilibrium signature of ordinary cool RSGs rather than an exotic carbon-star intermediate.
High-precision analysis of TYC 6044-714-1 favors s+r nucleosynthesis over i-process models, which require implausible conditions and mismatch Ba isotopes.
New homogeneous abundances for 19 elements in 25 JWST planet-host stars show Tcond slopes independent of stellar and planetary properties after GCE correction, indicating mixed origins requiring careful interpretation.
Photometric metallicities from DECam identify 213 Jet stream candidates and detect fanning in the stream morphology.
New non-LTE abundances for three Bootes I stars show an alpha-element transition at [Fe/H] between -3 and -2, interpreted as the onset of type Ia supernova contributions in this ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.
C/N/O abundance patterns indicate that some α-rich young red giants are merger or mass-transfer products rather than genuinely young stars with anomalous chemistry.
Collates archival stellar activity and rotation data for potential HWO targets, finding measurements for at least 70% of high-interest systems but activity cycles for fewer than 20%.
citing papers explorer
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A Chemical Mismatch Between Young Stars and Their Inner Disks
Two young low-mass stars show solar C/O ratios while their inner disks are hydrocarbon-rich with C/O greater than one, providing direct evidence that disk processes enhance inner-disk carbon.
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Rotational Modulation and Long-Term Variability of Magnetic Fields in T-Tauri Stars with IGRINS
Magnetic fields in six of nine T-Tauri stars show rotationally modulated variability that evolves in strength and spatial distribution over year-long baselines, with magnetic filling factors larger than temperature-derived spot areas.
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Probing the IMF in the Early Universe -- Direct measurements in the Bo\"otes I UFD with JWST/NIRCam
The low-mass IMF in Boötes I is consistent with the Milky Way within 68% confidence for broken power-law and lognormal forms, indicating universality at low metallicity.
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An eclipsing CEMP candidate discovered in a search for dwarf carbon stars in post-common envelope binaries
The first eclipsing CEMP candidate is identified in a 1.224-day binary, with 3.5% of dwarf carbon stars showing short-period variability consistent with tidally locked post-common envelope systems and supporting wind capture for carbon enhancement.
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Improving the full spectrum fitting method: accurate convolution with Gauss-Hermite functions
Improved pPXF uses analytic Fourier transforms of Gauss-Hermite functions for accurate convolution, providing reliable velocities even when σ is much less than the sampling ΔV.
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OCCAM X. Neutron Capture Abundances with Keck/HIRES & Magellan/MIKE
New high-resolution spectra yield abundances for 7 neutron-capture elements in open cluster stars, revealing flat Milky Way gradients for second-peak s- and r-process species and shallower slopes for first-peak s-process.
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Revealing {\alpha}-Element's Past with Subaru/IRD: Oxygen Abundance of 35 Very Metal-Poor Stars from Near-IR OH lines
New NIR OH-based oxygen abundances for 35 VMP stars are empirically calibrated against the [OI] line to flatten the [O/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trend and improve agreement with Galactic chemical evolution models.
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CRIRES+ reveals the chemistry of the stellar sub-populations in the bulge fossil fragment Liller 1
CRIRES+ spectra of 30 RGB stars in Liller 1 reveal multi-metallicity sub-populations with abundance trends matching the bulge field and Terzan 5, indicating in-situ formation rather than globular-cluster origin.
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The DECam MAGIC Survey $-$ Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK: Overview and Summary of Early Science
The MAGIC survey provides photometric metallicities for RGB stars over ~3000 deg² using CaHK narrow-band imaging plus DELVE g,r,i data, recovering 13/14 known ultra-faint dwarfs and confirming a distant Reticulum II member.
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Lithium Enrichment in a Subgiant Star with a Brown Dwarf Companion: A Planetary Engulfment Candidate
TOI-5882, a lithium-enriched subgiant with a brown dwarf companion, shows enrichment consistent with engulfment of a super-Earth to Neptune-mass planet.
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A Systematic NLTE Study of Very Metal-Poor Stars with Metallicity Down to $-4.3$ dex. II. Lithium Abundance and New Insight to the Lithium Plateau
NLTE study finds Spite Plateau extends to lower metallicities with positive slope and identifies lithium plateau in lower red giant branch stars at A(Li)=1.13 dex.
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Elemental Abundances in the Binary Star V505 Per
Abundance analysis of V505 Per shows mostly solar [X/Fe] ratios with manganese deficiency and effective temperatures positioning both stars on the hot edge of the lithium dip.
-
The chemical fingerprint of the Gaia BH3 system. Evidence for early cluster enrichment from the analysis of 51 elements
The Gaia BH3 companion exhibits an r-I abundance pattern reproduced by core-collapse supernova plus r-process yields and closely matching diluted ED-2 stars, supporting early cluster enrichment over local pollution.
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Revisiting Ca II Activity Indices in FGK Stars: Systematic Biases in Infrared Triplet Measurements
Negative Ca II IRT residual indices in FGK stars arise mainly because synthetic photospheric templates miss chromospheric structure and NLTE effects that deepen the observed cores.
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The neighboring stars of N6946-BH1 and the observational characteristics of failed supernovae
N6946-BH1's remnant is roughly 10 times fainter than its progenitor while stellar merger remnants are 10-100 times brighter, and asymmetric dust cannot explain the difference.
-
The Sun's chemical peculiarity: disentangling Galactic chemical evolution and planetary engulfment in solar twins
Reanalysis of 79 solar twins indicates the Sun's chemical peculiarity is largely explained by Galactic chemical evolution, with 2-6 candidates possibly showing planetary engulfment.
-
Weak-CN Stars Are Ordinary Cool Red Supergiants
Weak-CN features in red supergiants across the LMC, M33, and M31 are the expected molecular-equilibrium signature of ordinary cool RSGs rather than an exotic carbon-star intermediate.
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Observational Signatures and Constraints on the Intermediate Neutron-Capture Process. The Case of the CEMP star TYC 6044-714-1 (RAVE J094921.8-161722)
High-precision analysis of TYC 6044-714-1 favors s+r nucleosynthesis over i-process models, which require implausible conditions and mismatch Ba isotopes.
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JWST Exoplanetary Worlds and Elemental Survey (JEWELS) II: Condensation Temperature Trends and Galactic Chemical Evolution in JWST Planet-Hosting Stars
New homogeneous abundances for 19 elements in 25 JWST planet-host stars show Tcond slopes independent of stellar and planetary properties after GCE correction, indicating mixed origins requiring careful interpretation.
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The DECam MAGIC Survey: Investigating the Jet Stellar Stream with Photometric Metallicities
Photometric metallicities from DECam identify 213 Jet stream candidates and detect fanning in the stream morphology.
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Contribution of type Ia supernovae to the chemical enrichment of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Bootes I
New non-LTE abundances for three Bootes I stars show an alpha-element transition at [Fe/H] between -3 and -2, interpreted as the onset of type Ia supernova contributions in this ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.
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Origin of $\alpha$-rich young stars: clues from C, N and O
C/N/O abundance patterns indicate that some α-rich young red giants are merger or mass-transfer products rather than genuinely young stars with anomalous chemistry.
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HWO Target Stars and Systems: Activity and Rotation Catalog (ARC) of Potential Target Stars for the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Collates archival stellar activity and rotation data for potential HWO targets, finding measurements for at least 70% of high-interest systems but activity cycles for fewer than 20%.