Collapsing Z_N domain walls trap baryons into dense baryoids, yielding a dark matter-baryon energy density ratio of approximately (N-1):1 after the QCD phase transition.
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The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
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abstract
We determine the nature of the QCD transition using lattice calculations for physical quark masses. Susceptibilities are extrapolated to vanishing lattice spacing for three physical volumes, the smallest and largest of which differ by a factor of five. This ensures that a true transition should result in a dramatic increase of the susceptibilities.No such behaviour is observed: our finite-size scaling analysis shows that the finite-temperature QCD transition in the hot early Universe was not a real phase transition, but an analytic crossover (involving a rapid change, as opposed to a jump, as the temperature varied). As such, it will be difficult to find experimental evidence of this transition from astronomical observations.
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Continuum extrapolation of lattice QCD data shows that SU(2)_L × SU(2)_R chiral and U(1)_A axial symmetry breaking strengths in nonsinglet quark-connected channels converge to the same value near the chiral crossover temperature.
A coupled DSE-FRG-holographic model predicts the QCD critical end point at T_CEP approximately 130-135 MeV and mu_B,CEP approximately 600 MeV, with sensitivity to regulator and normalization choices.
Continuum-extrapolated lattice QCD simulations with complex Langevin produce the equation of state at high baryon chemical potentials above the crossover temperature at the physical point.
A new RTA form with counter-terms yields species-dependent first-order viscous corrections that modify light-hadron yields and K/π, p/π ratios in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions.
Linear combinations of susceptibilities isolate partial pressures of hadron families classified by B, Q, and S in the low-T QCD regime under the HRG assumption, validated against lattice data.
Reformulation of the PNJL model with gluon quasi-particles treated beyond saddle-point approximation to yield a consistent quasiparticle description of QCD thermodynamics.
Derives diffusion matrix elements for baryon, charge, and strangeness transport in relativistic hydrodynamics from entropy production within the relaxation-time approximation.
fRG calculations show the jet quenching parameter hat q is enhanced above the chiral boundary and peaks near the QCD critical end point due to critical sigma fluctuations.
A quark-meson model with lattice-fitted temperature-dependent quark masses and anomalous magnetic moments reproduces the magnetic susceptibility of hot hadronic matter up to the QCD crossover, showing quarks are active below 120 MeV.
A state-of-the-art thermodynamic analysis of supercooled phase transitions yields a universal lower bound β/H_* ≃ 5 and shows that viable PBH dark-matter parameter space in classically conformal gauge-Higgs theories is severely limited by percolation and QCD constraints.
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
Strangeness neutrality imposes a constraint linking baryon-strangeness correlations to the QCD equation of state, with their dependence on freeze-out conditions computed in a 2+1 flavor Polyakov-quark-meson model using the functional renormalization group.
In the two-flavor NJL model with anomalous magnetic moment of quarks, external magnetic field produces inverse magnetic catalysis and a magnetic-field-dependent drop in the Mott temperature for the Goldstone mode.
Lattice simulations with Möbius domain-wall fermions find that conserved charge fluctuations in (2+1)-flavor QCD match hadron resonance gas predictions below the pseudocritical temperature and rise toward free-quark limits above it.
Lattice data indicate hot QCD features an intermediate phase with emergent chiral spin symmetry and thermoparticles as thermal constituents, differing from perturbative expectations.
Review of confining dark sectors summarizing dark matter candidates, abundance mechanisms, discovery channels, and applications to the abundance similarity puzzle.
A review of lattice QCD findings on the finite-temperature QCD transition at zero baryon chemical potential, its chiral limit behavior, constraints on the phase boundary and critical endpoint at finite density, plus advances under external fields and conditions.
Recent net-proton cumulant ratios from RHIC BES-II data are compared to non-critical models from Lattice QCD, HRG, hydrodynamics and UrQMD, with volume fluctuation effects noted at fixed-target energies.
A review of thermal modifications to light and heavy hadron properties via imaginary-time formalism, effective field theories, unitarized approaches, and lattice QCD, with links to heavy-ion phenomenology.
The statistical hadronization model successfully describes hadron production in nuclear collisions over broad energies, with implications for QCD phase structure.
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RG-Invariant Symmetry Ratio for QCD: A Study of $U(1)_A$ and Chiral Symmetry Restoration
Continuum extrapolation of lattice QCD data shows that SU(2)_L × SU(2)_R chiral and U(1)_A axial symmetry breaking strengths in nonsinglet quark-connected channels converge to the same value near the chiral crossover temperature.