No continuous utility-preserving input wrapper can eliminate all prompt injection risks in connected prompt spaces for language models.
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& Clune, J
21 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Many fields use search algorithms, which automatically explore a search space to find high-performing solutions: chemists search through the space of molecules to discover new drugs; engineers search for stronger, cheaper, safer designs, scientists search for models that best explain data, etc. The goal of search algorithms has traditionally been to return the single highest-performing solution in a search space. Here we describe a new, fundamentally different type of algorithm that is more useful because it provides a holistic view of how high-performing solutions are distributed throughout a search space. It creates a map of high-performing solutions at each point in a space defined by dimensions of variation that a user gets to choose. This Multi-dimensional Archive of Phenotypic Elites (MAP-Elites) algorithm illuminates search spaces, allowing researchers to understand how interesting attributes of solutions combine to affect performance, either positively or, equally of interest, negatively. For example, a drug company may wish to understand how performance changes as the size of molecules and their cost-to-produce vary. MAP-Elites produces a large diversity of high-performing, yet qualitatively different solutions, which can be more helpful than a single, high-performing solution. Interestingly, because MAP-Elites explores more of the search space, it also tends to find a better overall solution than state-of-the-art search algorithms. We demonstrate the benefits of this new algorithm in three different problem domains ranging from producing modular neural networks to designing simulated and real soft robots. Because MAP- Elites (1) illuminates the relationship between performance and dimensions of interest in solutions, (2) returns a set of high-performing, yet diverse solutions, and (3) improves finding a single, best solution, it will advance science and engineering.
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representative citing papers
PPol uses LLM-driven evolutionary program search to create diverse human-like user personas for simulators, yielding 33-62% fitness gains and +17% agent task success on retail and airline domains.
QD-LLM evolves prompt embeddings via neuroevolution in a quality-diversity framework, delivering 46% higher coverage and 41% higher QD-score than prior methods on coding and writing benchmarks.
External evolution beats internal deliberation in collective-action tasks with statistical significance but neither helps in trading, and deliberation never discovers punishment while evolution does.
TeLAPA maintains archives of behaviorally diverse yet competent policies aligned in a shared latent space to preserve plasticity and enable faster recovery after interference in continual reinforcement learning.
Autopoiesis uses LLM-driven program synthesis to evolve serving policies online during deployment, delivering up to 53% and average 34% gains over prior LLM serving systems under runtime dynamics.
LensAgent is a training-free LLM agent framework that reconstructs mass distributions in SLACS strong lensing systems to extract sub-galactic substructures.
AlphaEvolve is an LLM-orchestrated evolutionary coding agent that discovered a 4x4 complex matrix multiplication algorithm using 48 scalar multiplications, the first improvement over Strassen's algorithm in 56 years, plus optimizations for Google data centers and hardware.
Kernel-Smith combines evolutionary search with RL post-training to generate optimized GPU kernels, achieving SOTA speedups on KernelBench that beat Gemini-3.0-pro and Claude-4.6-opus on NVIDIA Triton and generalize to MetaX MACA.
HMACE deploys Proposer, Generator, Evaluator, and Reflector agents in an evolutionary loop to generate and refine heuristics for NP-hard problems, reporting lower optimality gaps and token costs than baselines on TSP and Online BPP.
An LLM-driven agentic system evolves microarchitectural policies for cache replacement, data prefetching, and branch prediction, producing designs that match or exceed prior state-of-the-art in IPC on standard benchmarks.
QDTraj uses Quality-Diversity algorithms with sparse rewards to produce at least five times more diverse high-performing trajectories for articulated object manipulation than compared methods, validated across 30 objects with hundreds of trajectories per task.
MONET represents tasks as graph nodes and uses neighbor-based crossover plus per-task mutation to transfer knowledge, matching or exceeding MAP-Elites performance on four large-scale simulation domains.
LLM-guided evolutionary prompt optimization using MAP-Elites and island models raises password cracking rates from 2.02% to 8.48% on a RockYou-derived test set across local, cloud, and ensemble LLM setups.
TurboEvolve improves LLM program evolution by running parallel islands with LLM-generated diverse candidates that carry self-assigned weights, an adaptive scheduler, and clustered seed injection to reach stronger solutions at lower evaluation budgets.
DAERT generates diverse adversarial instructions via a uniform policy in RL to drop VLA task success rates from 93.33% to 5.85% on benchmarks with models like π0 and OpenVLA.
ToolMol is an evolutionary agentic framework that pairs multi-objective genetic algorithms with LLM tool-calling to generate drug-like ligands with over 10% better predicted binding affinity and 35% better ABFE scores than prior methods.
CVEvolve uses LLM agents with lineage-aware search to autonomously discover algorithms that outperform baselines on scientific image tasks including registration, peak detection, and segmentation.
Stable-GFlowNet improves training stability and attack diversity in LLM red-teaming by eliminating Z estimation via contrastive trajectory balance while preserving GFN optimality.
QDHUAC is a distributional, target-free QD-RL method that enables stable high-UTD training and competitive performance on Brax locomotion tasks using far fewer environment steps than prior approaches.
CVT archives with learned chemical embeddings improve median global hypervolume and multi-objective quality diversity in NLO molecular design compared to grid-based archives.
citing papers explorer
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QDTraj: Exploration of Diverse Trajectory Primitives for Articulated Objects Robotic Manipulation
QDTraj uses Quality-Diversity algorithms with sparse rewards to produce at least five times more diverse high-performing trajectories for articulated object manipulation than compared methods, validated across 30 objects with hundreds of trajectories per task.
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Uncovering Linguistic Fragility in Vision-Language-Action Models via Diversity-Aware Red Teaming
DAERT generates diverse adversarial instructions via a uniform policy in RL to drop VLA task success rates from 93.33% to 5.85% on benchmarks with models like π0 and OpenVLA.