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Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
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Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
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This Report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the Report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening Overview and Recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the Report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
Forward citations
Cited by 31 Pith papers
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Searches for Light Dark Matter and Evidence of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering of Solar Neutrinos with the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment
LZ's new 5.7-tonne-year search reports a 4.5σ hint of solar 8B neutrino CEνNS and world-leading dark matter limits down to 5 GeV/c².
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Neutron stars can shine a light on elusive lepton-flavor-violating dark matter
Flavor blocking keeps lepton-flavor-violating dark matter from thermalizing inside neutron stars, so p-wave annihilation stays efficient and heats the star to observable temperatures.
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Cosmological Perturbation in New General Relativity: Propagating mode from the violation of local Lorentz invariance
In New General Relativity on a flat expanding universe, the propagating spectrum is computed for all nine types, with Type 3 carrying five stable tensor, scalar, and vector modes.
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Asymmetric Cannibal Dark Matter: Constraints from Neutron Star
Asymmetric cannibal dark matter with Z3-symmetric 3→2 interactions depletes in neutron star cores, producing observable heating signatures that constrain dark matter parameters beyond standard annihilation models.
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Probing Heavy Dark Matter in Red Giants
Red-giant luminosity observations at the tip of the branch are used to set upper limits on dark-matter masses near 10^11 GeV and spin-independent cross sections near 10^{-37} cm² by requiring that DM-induced core heat...
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High resolution Lyman-{\alpha} forest constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering
The Lyman-alpha forest constrains dark matter-neutrino scattering to u_nu_chi < 1.5e-8 (95% C.L.), excluding previously claimed hints of a non-zero interaction.
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Dark matter scattering with pre-supernova neutrinos
Attenuation of pre-supernova electron antineutrinos by local dark matter yields upper limits on the reduced DM–ν cross section of order 10^{-21} cm^{2}/GeV at detectors such as JUNO, Super-K and KamLAND.
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Dark matter energy exchange in stars orbiting supermassive black holes
Orbit-averaged elastic DM scattering in S4714 reaches stellar luminosity at σ_χp ∼ 10^{-36} cm² (MeV–GeV) and σ_χe ∼ 5×10^{-38} cm² (sub-MeV) for a spiked profile.
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Macroscopic Quantum Interference in Dark Matter Wave Scattering with MICROSCOPE
Nested cylinders in MICROSCOPE act as a dark-matter-wave interferometer, producing rotation-modulated signals that yield leading constraints on quadratic DM-nucleon couplings for masses 10^{-3}--10^{-2} eV.
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Gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations in Type 3 New General Relativity and background-hierarchy bounds
Derives background-hierarchy bounds on the two free parameters of Type 3 NGR to ensure linear cosmological perturbation theory remains viable around flat FLRW.
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The Gravitational Spectral Radio Forest: A Signature of Primordial Black Holes
Asteroid-mass primordial black holes induce a Riemann tidal splitting of the 2P_{3/2} hydrogen state, turning the 9.9 GHz line into a ~2 GHz bandwidth gravitational spectral radio forest in H II regions with accretion...
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Two-loop neutrino mass model with modular $S_4$ symmetry
A two-loop neutrino mass model with modular S4 and Z3 symmetries reproduces charged lepton masses and normal-ordering neutrino data while predicting observable LFV and viable DM candidates.
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Dark Matter-Driven Low-Scale Leptogenesis via Neutrino Portal
A model with three right-handed neutrinos and a dark-matter portal generates the baryon asymmetry at a 2-TeV scale, but the benchmark used to match observations makes dark matter underabundant.
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Light Vector Dark Matter via a Magnetic Dipole Portal: Bridging Direct Detection and Fixed-Target Searches
A sub-GeV vector DM model with a magnetic dipole portal is studied at LDMX/NA64, but the claimed viable region relies on an unjustified thermal equilibrium assumption.
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Constraints on Sub-MeV Dark Matter from Solar Reflection with DAMIC-M
With ~1.3 kg-day of DAMIC-M skipper-CCD data, solar-reflected dark matter yields 90% CL limits on the DM-electron cross section reaching 3.16e-37 cm2 at 0.1 MeV for an ultralight mediator.
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Dark matter energy exchange in stars orbiting supermassive black holes
Orbit-averaged DM energy exchange for S4714 reaches stellar luminosity at σ_χp ~ 10^{-36} cm² (MeV-GeV) and σ_χe ~ 5×10^{-38} cm² (sub-MeV) for spiked DM profiles.
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Gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations in Type 3 New General Relativity and background-hierarchy bounds
Derives background-hierarchy bounds for scalar, transverse-vector and tensor modes in Type 3 NGR around flat FLRW, identifying viable parameter regions where linear perturbation theory remains consistent.
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DREAMuS: Dark matter REsearch with Advanced Muon Source
DREAMuS proposes a muon-beam fixed-target setup at HIAF to probe GeV-scale muon-philic dark matter with sensitivity to couplings around 10^{-4} using background-suppressed signatures from a light flavor-violating mediator.
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Testing light and heavy vector mediators with solar CE$\nu$NS measurements
Combined solar CEνNS data from XENONnT, PandaX-4T, and LZ yield competitive constraints on vector NSI and light mediators and a weak mixing angle measurement at low momentum transfer.
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Information-theoretic astrophysical uncertainties in the effective theory of dark matter direct detection
Using an information-theoretic bound on the halo velocity distribution, dark matter direct-detection limits vary from <10x to ~10,000x near threshold depending on the EFT operator, with higher velocity-weighting opera...
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New light mediators and the neutrino fog: Implications from XENONnT nuclear recoil data
Light-mediator couplings are constrained more strongly when they attach to dark matter than to neutrinos, and the neutrinofog in xenon detectors is shifted and deformed under both scenarios.
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First Production of Skipper-CCD Modules for the DAMIC-M Experiment
DAMIC-M completed production of 28 skipper-CCD modules, selected from 188 tested CCDs, with measured performance and added radioactivity within the experiment's background budget.
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GeV-scale thermal dark matter from dark photons: tightly constrained, yet allowed
In a dark-photon-mediated Dirac fermionic DM model, only narrow resonant regions with small dark-sector coupling allow the candidate to saturate the full relic density while evading current direct and indirect detecti...
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Testing Heavy Dark Matter Decay as the Origin of KM3-230213A
Assuming the KM3-230213A event comes from heavy dark matter decay, the preferred mass exceeds 100 PeV at 95% CL with lifetimes of 10^26-10^27 s, but these regions conflict with bounds from other neutrino telescopes an...
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Shedding Stray Light on Decaying Light Dark Matter: Constraints from NuSTAR X-ray Observations
NuSTAR stray-light data yields the strongest indirect bounds on decaying electrophilic scalar, ALP, and dark photon DM in the 6-70 keV range, plus inelastic DM with mass splittings 3-100 keV.
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Dark Matter as a Source for Lepton Flavor Violation
A dark matter fermion is shown to simultaneously explain the relic density, satisfy direct detection and collider bounds, and produce observable rates for muon-to-electron transitions in a viable parameter region.
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Multi Component Dark Matter in a Minimal Model
A Z2-symmetric Higgs-portal model with two singlet fermions and one singlet scalar yields multi-component dark matter consistent with relic density and direct-detection bounds.
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Underground Production of Electromagnetic Dark States by MeV-scale Electron Beams and Detection with CCDs
Proposes underground MeV-scale electron-beam production of millicharged or dipole fermions followed by CCD detection to access unconstrained parameter space.
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Testing Viability of Benchmark Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Excess
Updated constraints on two simplified dark matter models for the Galactic Center Excess leave unconstrained parameter space after applying recent multi-experiment data.
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Primordial Black Holes: A Review of Formation and Evolution
Review of PBH formation via compaction function and relativistic thresholds in FLRW backgrounds, arguing that memory burden and curvature corrections halt evaporation to leave Planck-scale relics.
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Multi Component Dark Matter in a Minimal Model
A Z2-symmetric model with two singlet fermions and a singlet scalar yields viable multi-component dark matter where the scalar evades current direct detection bounds with minimal relic contribution while the fermions ...
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