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Energy Correlators: A Journey From Theory to Experiment

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arxiv 2506.09119 v1 pith:ZTGNGD4U submitted 2025-06-10 hep-ph hep-exhep-thnucl-exnucl-th

Energy Correlators: A Journey From Theory to Experiment

classification hep-ph hep-exhep-thnucl-exnucl-th
keywords colliderenergyoperatorsformalphysicstheorycorrelatorsflow
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Collider experiments offer a unique opportunity to explore the Standard Model (SM), and to search for new physics, new interactions, and new principles of nature. The theoretical abstraction of a collider, namely the study of correlations in asymptotic fluxes, provides one of the most basic examples of an observable in quantum field theory (QFT) and quantum gravity. Energy flux is described in QFT by energy flow operators, a particular example of light-ray operators. In addition to their central role in the theoretical description of collider physics, energy flow operators play an important role in diverse areas of formal QFT and gravity, providing a connection between real world collider phenomenology, and the deep underlying principles of QFT. Recently it has become possible to measure correlation functions of energy flow operators in a wide variety of collider experiments, providing an exciting new connection between collider physics and formal theory. In this review, we provide a survey of recent progress in our understanding of energy operators and their correlators, highlighting their importance in both formal theory and collider phenomenology, and in particular, their great potential for bridging these areas to provide new ways to understand the real world. We intend this article as a resource for both formal theorists interested in understanding how light-ray operators are being applied in particle and nuclear physics, as well as for experimentalists interested in the theoretical motivation for these observables. Most importantly, we aim to stimulate further interaction between the formal, phenomenological and experimental communities through the common lens of energy correlators.

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Cited by 33 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    hep-ph 2026-05 conditional novelty 8.0

    The OPCC observable is IRC finite and factorizes into the Sivers distribution plus a perturbatively calculable charge-weighted jet function, eliminating dependence on non-perturbative fragmentation functions via charg...

  2. Energy Correlators Within Jets in Transversely Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV

    hep-ex 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    First measurement of energy correlators in jets from transversely polarized pp collisions at 200 GeV shows sizable spin asymmetries for pions that provide sensitivity to nucleon transversity with reduced fragmentation...

  3. Energy-Energy Correlator from the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro Amplitude

    hep-th 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    A precise mapping from the world-sheet integral of the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude to the energy-energy correlator in strongly coupled N=4 SYM, with explicit flat-space and first curvature correction terms.

  4. Anomaly Realization in Charge-Flux Detector Correlators

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0

    Axial anomalies realize in flux detectors as massless-limit collapse of angular distributions onto beam-collinear deltas while preserving the integrated anomaly sum rule, with the same mechanism for zilch and mixed gr...

  5. Putting Jet Substructure on Track(s)

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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  6. Event isotropy in perturbative QCD

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    First pQCD predictions for event isotropy distributions at LO, NLO, and NLL+NLO accuracy in e+e- collisions.

  7. Energy-energy correlators in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

    nucl-ex 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    First measurement of two-point EEC in 20-80 GeV/c charged jets in p-Pb collisions shows modification relative to pp at the same energy, with enhancement at large angles and suppression at small angles in the 20-40 GeV...

  8. Probing jet evolution with charged energy correlators in small systems

    nucl-ex 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Charged energy correlators measured in jets at the LHC show like-sign pairs sensitive to parton shower models and unlike-sign pairs sensitive to hadronization, with charge-independent cold nuclear matter effects in p-...

  9. Projected Energy Correlators: Two-Loop Jet Functions and NNLL Resummation

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Computes two-loop jet functions for N=4,5,6 projected energy correlators enabling NNLL collinear resummation matched to NLO in e+e- and Higgs-to-gluons processes, with non-perturbative corrections from two universal s...

  10. Bump Hunting Inside Jets with Energy Correlators

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Energy correlators can convert scaling violations into angular bump hunting for new physics, yielding projected competitive LHC sensitivity for a light hadrophilic Z'.

  11. Simplified approach to extracting nucleon transversity in collinear factorization using near-side energy-energy correlators

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A new method extracts the nucleon transversity PDF via near-side energy-energy correlators in dihadron fragmentation under collinear factorization, with leading-order results for SIDIS and e+e- annihilation that resem...

  12. Simplified approach to extracting nucleon transversity in collinear factorization using near-side energy-energy correlators

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    A new approach using near-side energy-energy correlators in dihadron fragmentation enables extraction of nucleon transversity PDF in collinear factorization without modeling intrinsic transverse momentum or dihadron r...

  13. Full energy fraction and angular dependence of medium-induced splittings in the large-$N_c$ limit

    hep-ph 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    In large-Nc and harmonic oscillator limits, medium-induced splittings are computed analytically double-differential in z and θ, with an improved semi-hard approximation validated for high-energy partons.

  14. Positivity with Long-Range Interactions

    hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Defines IR-finite amplitudes M_E that preserve analyticity and unitarity to derive positivity bounds on EFTs including electromagnetism and gravity in D=4.

  15. Accessing nucleon transversity with one-point energy correlators

    hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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  16. Dissecting Parton Showers with Multi-Point Energy Correlators

    hep-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0

    Projections of four-point energy correlators cleanly separate spin from kinematic azimuthal correlations inside jets; spin effects are subdominant in accessible LHC kinematics.

  17. New Energy-Loss Constraints on Dark Sectors from Deeply Inelastic Scattering with Initial State Radiation

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A factorization-based method is outlined to derive energy-loss constraints on dark sector particles (spin 0 to 2) from ISR-modified lepton distributions in DIS, illustrated for MeV-GeV spin-0 cases at the EIC.

  18. The one-point charge correlator in deep inelastic scattering

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Defines an IRC-safe one-point charge correlator in DIS, relates it to a new nucleon charge correlator in the forward limit and to TMDs in the back-to-back limit, with SCET derivations verified in QCD to O(alpha_s^2) a...

  19. Mapping jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions with track functions

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Track functions exhibit model-dependent modifications to higher moments in heavy-ion jets, with RG flows qualitatively preserved, enabling discrimination between jet quenching pictures.

  20. Open quantum system approach to the transverse momentum broadening of a colour dipole

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives Lindblad evolution for color dipole in QCD plasma and demonstrates quasi-factorization of Wigner distribution violated by color decoherence factor controlled by theta_qqbar/theta_c ratio.

  21. Finite-time memory detectors and fully constraining Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Symmetry uniquely fixes finite-time Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity so they reproduce classical memory, allowing recovery of first-order and higher-order gravitational memory in perturbative calculations.

  22. Exponentially improved quantum simulation of scalar QFT

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Diagonalizing field operators before Pauli-string decomposition exponentially cuts circuit depth and Trotter errors in 2+1D scalar QFT simulations, with faster local-truncation convergence for Lorentzian energy-energy...

  23. Upgrading Extremal Flows in the Space of Derivatives

    hep-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A prototype successfully upgrades low-order extremal flow solutions to high numerical order for gap maximization in a simple spinning modular bootstrap test case.

  24. Hydrodynamics and Energy Correlators

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Energy-energy correlators in heavy-ion collisions exhibit classical hydrodynamic scaling from collective flow at large angles within the small-angle regime, collective modes at smaller angles, and light-ray OPE at eve...

  25. Asymptotic charges as detectors and the memory effect in massive QED and perturbative quantum gravity

    hep-th 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Faddeev-Kulish dressings correctly encode the memory effect in in and out Fock spaces for massive QED and perturbative quantum gravity, with physical contributions to memory eigenvalues from the dressings.

  26. Operator structure of power corrections and anomalous scaling in energy correlators

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Linear power corrections in energy correlators have a universal anomalous scaling because the dijet operator must be combined with a triple-jet component at one-loop order.

  27. Bouncing singularities and thermal correlators on line defects

    hep-th 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Retarded correlators of displacement operators on line defects in holographic thermal CFTs exhibit bouncing singularities that match between interior-sensitive WKB and boundary-only OPE analyses.

  28. Transverse-spin dependent energy-energy correlators in proton-proton collisions within the dihadron fragmentation framework

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

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  29. On Perturbatively Dressed Observables

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Perturbative dressing of local operators in QED and GR induces kinematic singularities and is mathematically equivalent to dynamical temporal gauge fixing.

  30. Energy Correlators Resolving Proton Spin

    hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The work establishes a correspondence between spin-dependent energy correlators and polarized TMDs/NECs using SCET, yielding N3LL/N2LL predictions for correlation patterns in current and target fragmentation regions.

  31. Energy-energy correlators inside single inclusive jets in heavy-ion collisions with CoLBT-hydro model

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Updated CoLBT-hydro simulations with Q_M=2.0 GeV reproduce CMS in-jet EEC data, validate background subtraction, and show path-length and diffusion-wake effects.

  32. Novel analysis for the energy-energy correlation in electron-positron annihilation in the perturbative domain

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    PMC application to EEC yields a dynamically varying renormalization scale and improved agreement with experimental data in the perturbative domain.

  33. Looking inside jets: an introduction to jet substructure and boosted-object phenomenology

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