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Dynamics of dark energy
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In this paper we review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the remarkable observation of our accelerating Universe. In particular we discuss the arguments for and recent progress made towards understanding the nature of dark energy. We review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence, tachyon, phantom and dilatonic models. The importance of cosmological scaling solutions is emphasized when studying the dynamical system of scalar fields including coupled dark energy. We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations allowing us to confront them with the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure and demonstrate how it is possible in principle to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy by also using Supernovae Ia observational data. We also discuss in detail the nature of tracking solutions in cosmology, particle physics and braneworld models of dark energy, the nature of possible future singularities, the effect of higher order curvature terms to avoid a Big Rip singularity, and approaches to modifying gravity which leads to a late-time accelerated expansion without recourse to a new form of dark energy.
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Showing 60 of 130 Pith papers that cite this
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Vacuum Gravity from Entropy: Stability, Spectra, and Exact Waves
The vacuum sector of Gravity from Entropy reduces at quadratic order to Einstein gravity plus RμνRμν terms, and the resulting linear spectrum contains a tachyonic opposite-residue spin-2 pole for the foundational coup...
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Rolling Galileons: Evolving Braiding Strength for Viable Dark Energy
Rolling Galileon gravity, with field-dependent coupling coefficients, can produce a viable phantom-crossing dark energy with healthy void screening and an acceptable fit to expansion data.
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Dark Energy and Neutrino Flavor from the Weak Axion
The dark-energy scale is predicted from neutrino masses and PMNS mixing: the weak-axion Coleman-Weinberg potential lands at 1-4 meV for current neutrino data.
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New Rotating Black Hole in Electromagnetic Fields: Cosmological Horizon without Cosmological Constant
New exact Kerr black hole solution in an electromagnetic background spacetime that includes a cosmological horizon without a cosmological constant.
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Data-Driven Discovery of a Simple Phantom-Crossing Dark Energy Parametrization
Bayesian reconstruction and exhaustive symbolic regression on CMB, BAO, and supernova data yield the one-parameter dark energy parametrization w(a) = w0 / sqrt(a) that fits observations comparably to CPL and better th...
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Unifying Early and Late Dark Energy: Dynamical Requirements and Obstructions
Any unified early and late dark energy scenario with a single tracking scalar field requires a potential with three distinct slopes arranged in a steep-steeper-shallow hierarchy.
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Phase-resolved field-space distance criteria in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies
Proposes phase-resolved invariant path-length criteria and a master formula for lower bound on ε_ek in ekpyrotic cosmologies, using BKL suppression and conversion windows as constraints.
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Testing Dark Energy with Black Hole Ringdown
Dynamical dark energy imprints O(1) shifts on black hole quasi-normal modes via cosmological hair, enabling constraints at 10^{-2} (LVK) to 10^{-4} (LISA) precision using the cubic Galileon as example.
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Stable black hole solutions with cosmological hair
Stable black hole solutions with cosmological scalar hair are explicitly derived in the cubic Galileon theory, recovering cosmological behavior at large distances and regular short-range dynamics.
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How deep can a cosmic void be? Voids-informed theoretical bounds in Galileon gravity
Galileon models must obey a void-depth limit tied to expansion history to avoid force breakdowns, excluding ~60% of a linear parameterization's space by z less than or equal to 10.
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Degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories in metric-affine gravity
A metric-affine version of quadratic DHOST theories is derived and reduced to a one-function family that satisfies degeneracy conditions and light-speed gravitational wave propagation.
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Self-Tracking Solutions for Asymptotic Scalar Fields
The self-perturbations of a scalar field on an exponential potential can act as an effective radiation background, producing a self-tracking solution with the familiar radiation tracker fixed point.
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Probing Gravity -- Fundamental Aspects of Metric Theories and their Implications for Tests of General Relativity
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Higher-Order Analytical Expansion of Thawing Dark Energy with an Exponential Potential
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Post-Inflationary Constraints on Nonminimally Coupled Quintessential Inflation
Gravitational-wave constraints on the reheating temperature rule out single-exponential nonminimally coupled quintessential inflation and require a double-exponential coupling that predicts thawing dark energy with w0...
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Phantom-divide crossing and suppressed structure growth in kinetically braided dark energy with momentum exchange
A linearly stable kinetic-braiding dark-energy model with CDM momentum exchange realizes upward phantom-divide crossing and weak CDM gravitational clustering, altering matter and CMB spectra.
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Defocusing dark energy: Raychaudhuri diagnostics beyond $w<-1/3$ and the phantom divide
For sign-changing effective dark energy, smooth negative-to-positive density crossings make ρ+3p and ρ+p the correct diagnostics, give w=p/ρ a universal pole n(1+z†)/3, and force repulsion onset z_rep>z† while ρ<0.
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Breaking the Dark Sector Degeneracy with Nonparametric Expansion--Growth Reconstruction
Joint nonparametric expansion–growth reconstruction finds no significant dark-sector interaction or dark-energy dynamics, remaining consistent with ΛCDM over 0≲z≲2.
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A solid unification of the dark sector
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
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Nonminimally coupled quintessence with sign-switching interaction
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phan...
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Avoiding recollapse in an open-AdS universe via a self-tuning-like mechanism
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Revisiting observational constraints on coupled exponential quintessence with energy and momentum transfers: degeneracy with massive neutrinos
Allowing the neutrino mass to vary removes the 2σ evidence for momentum transfer between dark energy and dark matter in coupled quintessence, via a degeneracy with the energy-exchange coupling.
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Observational constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology
First background-level constraints on Luciano-Saridakis entropic cosmology using CC, Pantheon+ with SH0ES, DESI DR2 BAO and compressed Planck data show robust fit, 2sigma exclusion of LambdaCDM, and potential Hubble t...
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Realizing the phantom-divide crossing with vector and scalar fields
A scalar-vector-tensor dark-energy model crosses the phantom divide at low redshift with no ghost or Laplacian instabilities and growth signatures close to LCDM.
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Towards a unified quantum field theory of dark energy and inflation: unstable de Sitter vacuum and running vacuum
The vacuum energy of quantum fields, computed exactly in de Sitter spacetime and then allowed to decay into radiation, can drive H^4-powered inflation and leave a slowly running dark energy δρ_vac ~ m_Pl^2 H^2, unifyi...
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Scaling solutions for gauge invariant flow equations in dilaton quantum gravity
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Neutrino Constraints on Scalar-Tensor Gravity
Spatially varying scalar fields rescale neutrino masses and arrival times, and neutrino data bound these rescaling parameters for Symmetron and Chameleon models.
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A New Definition of Horndeski Theory and the Possibility of Multiple Scalar Field Extensions
Horndeski theory is re-characterized as the disformally-closed class anchored to a minimal seed action, reproducing the known single-field action and generating multi-field antisymmetric terms, with full multi-field v...
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Supermassive black hole scalarization and effective field theory
A canonical two-scalar EFT cannot naturally produce supermassive-only black hole scalarization, because the generated G^2 term has the wrong sign and is suppressed.
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Computing Nonlinear Power Spectra Across Dynamical Dark Energy Model Space with Neural ODEs
A neural ODE trained only on LambdaCDM spectra predicts nonlinear matter power spectra to about 4 percent accuracy for smooth w(z) dark energy models, pending stronger validation.
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Kinetic coupled tachyon: A dynamical system analysis
A kinetically coupled tachyon dark energy model admits a new stable scaling attractor for a range of coupling and potential parameters, providing a mechanism to keep dark energy and dark matter densities comparable.
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Scalar kicks and memory
For hyperbolic binaries, a conformally coupled scalar changes the memory and zero-frequency power while a disformally coupled scalar changes only the center-of-mass kick.
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Tail effects of self-interacting scalar fields
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Inflation in non-local hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
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A comprehensive numerical study on four categories of holographic dark energy models
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General parametrization for energy density of quintessence field
A step-like parametrization of quintessence energy density reproduces all three known dark energy dynamics across redshifts, but cosmological data still prefer ΛCDM except in the CPL model.
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hi_class: Background Evolution, Initial Conditions and Approximation Schemes
hi_class now evolves the background from covariant Horndeski Lagrangians, provides consistent radiation-era initial conditions for scalar perturbations, and applies a quasi-static approximation automatically where it is safe.
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Splitting Ω_m into geometry, growth, and early-universe regimes yields mutually compatible values, yet ΔΩ_m^{geo,early} is 2σ from zero under combined DES, Planck (scale-cut), DESI, Pantheon+, and RSD data.
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Exploring the interplay of late-time dynamical dark energy and new physics before recombination
Under standard recombination, phantom-crossing dynamical dark energy is preferred at ~97–98.5% probability; early-time fixes to the Hubble tension erase that preference while creating severe ω_m tension with CMB.
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Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
A background reconstruction maps prescribed ρ_de(z) histories to V(φ) and ranks analytic potentials by Bayesian evidence, with exponential preferred for CPL and shifted-tanh for sign-switching targets.
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Apparent horizon thermodynamics in an exponential $f(Q)$ gravity model
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Do we really need alternatives to the $\omega_0\omega_a$CDM parameterization after the DESI DR2?
In a common physically motivated pivot basis, the standard CPL parameterization is mildly preferred over the fafbCDM density expansion and reproduces quintessence backgrounds at least as well.
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Cosmological perturbations and clustering mechanisms in multifield dark energy
Multifield dark energy with curved field space produces three clustering channels—sound-speed suppression, heavy-mode excitation, and curvature-driven tachyons—with distinct imprints on P(k) and the CMB.
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The Goldstone Awakens: Unimodular dark energy in scale-invariant $R^2$ gravity
In a scale-invariant R² + unimodular-gravity model, the Goldstone boson of scale symmetry becomes thawing dark energy, with its equation of state fixed by the same coupling that sets the inflationary spectral tilt.
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Phantom crossing from the Standard Model and General Relativity
Fermion-condensate vacuum energy plus Buchert backreaction from nonlinear structure formation yields a low-redshift phantom crossing consistent with DESI+CMB+SNIa data for a chosen backreaction density.
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Modified Cosmology from Mass-to-Horizon Relation: Background Evolution
Viable generalized horizon entropies from the mass-to-horizon relation are restricted to a narrow neighborhood around the Bekenstein-Hawking law, yielding only Lambda-CDM-like background evolution.
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Late-Time Oscillating Quintessence in Light of DESI
A late-onset oscillating quintessence model improves the fit to DESI plus supernova and CMB data by Delta chi squared of about 9 over Lambda CDM, driven by background expansion.
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An Interplay Between Fractional Calculus and Holographic Dark Energy
Introduces Fractional Holographic Dark Energy (FHDE) via fractionally corrected entropy from a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation and studies its late-time cosmology, field reconstructions, and extensions to modified gr...
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Reconstructing dark energy with fewer assumptions
Bin-wise uncorrelated reconstruction from DESI/SDSS BAO and Pantheon+/Union3.1/DES-Dovekie supernovae yields dark energy density peaking then declining and equation of state oscillating with phantom crossing near z~0....
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Matter influence on large-scale scalar dynamics
Matter modeled as stochastic sources induces stochastic noise and new interactions in the large-scale EFT for light scalars, yielding corrections to the Klein-Gordon equation that can mimic dynamical dark energy or pr...
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Onset of spontaneous scalarization in dark matter stars
Scalarization occurs across most of the parameter space for negative coupling parameter β_d in self-interacting dark matter stars, over a broader range than in conventional neutron stars.
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Domain-wall Quintessence
A Hubble-scale domain wall quintessence model produces anisotropic expansion but is tightly constrained by Planck CMB quadrupole limits and supernova data to a negligible contribution, favoring standard LambdaCDM.
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Cosmological perturbations of TDiff fields
This work constructs perturbation theory for TDiff scalar fields in cosmology, analyzes pressure perturbations and adiabaticity including multi-field interaction effects, and checks stability via effective sound speed.
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Non-minimal fluid Lagrangian couplings
Derives modified Einstein and fluid equations for non-minimal matter-Lagrangian-curvature couplings and demonstrates non-equivalence of Schutz and Brown fluid formulations.
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Study of dark interactions through strong gravitational lenses
Strong gravitational lensing data from early-type galaxies and Abell 1689 constrain three sign-changeable dark-sector interaction models, yielding negative interaction strengths larger in magnitude than prior probes a...
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Accelerating scaling solutions from dark matter particle creation
Accelerating scaling attractors without dark energy appear only when the interaction is controlled by DM density and energy flows from DM to a barotropic fluid.
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Measuring neutrino mass in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
New ACT and DESI data yield model-dependent upper limits on sum of neutrino masses, with holographic dark energy giving the tightest bounds and a consistent preference for degenerate hierarchy.
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Exponential Quintessence Model: Analytical Quantification of the Fine-Tuning Problem in Dark Energy
Exponential quintessence with an assumed kination epoch relaxes the dark energy fine-tuning problem by dozens of orders of magnitude relative to a cosmological constant.
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Scaling solutions in three-form cosmology
A generalized three-form dark-energy Lagrangian admits stable scaling attractors that track the dominant cosmic fluid and, via a double-potential extension, exit to late-time acceleration — physical content dual to kn...
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Hints Beyond $\Lambda$CDM from Barrow and Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy with GO cutoff
Barrow holographic dark energy with the Granda-Oliveros cutoff fits current background data as well as ΛCDM and shows a weak AIC preference only for the Union3-based dataset combination.
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