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Observational evidence for self-interacting cold dark matter
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Cosmological models with cold dark matter composed of weakly interacting particles predict overly dense cores in the centers of galaxies and clusters and an overly large number of halos within the Local Group compared to actual observations. We propose that the conflict can be resolved if the cold dark matter particles are self-interacting with a large scattering cross-section but negligible annihilation or dissipation. In this scenario, astronomical observations may enable us to study dark matter properties that are inaccessible in the laboratory
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Cited by 55 Pith papers
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Spin-Dependent Scattering of Sub-GeV Dark Matter: Models and Constraints
A new calculation of spin-dependent sub-GeV dark matter phonon scattering shows only the light scalar mediator model retains testable parameter space, conditional on the supernova trapping window.
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Non-linear Evolution of Dark Plasma Subhalos
Dark plasma instabilities can evaporate up to ~97% of a 10^7 M_sun subhalo's mass by first pericenter, much more than ordinary tidal stripping.
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Dark Phoenix: dark matter relic from its own decay
A transient post-freeze-out decay window for dark matter, closed by a first-order phase transition that jumps a partner mass, can reduce an overproduced thermal relic to the observed abundance.
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Dark Neutrons as Dark Matter: Collisions in Halos and Direct Detection from Dark CP Violation
A non-zero topological angle in a confining dark sector induces CP-violating pion-baryon couplings that naturally generate velocity-dependent dark matter self-interactions and dark electric dipole moments for direct d...
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Cooling, conduction, compact objects: Gravothermal evolution of dissipative self-interacting dark matter halos
Dissipation in SIDM halos inverts heat conduction, suppresses isothermal cores, and explains an observed strong lens perturber with smaller cross sections or shorter times than the elastic case.
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Non-Equilibrium Relativistic Core Collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos -- Limits On Seed Black Hole Mass
Non-equilibrium relativistic SIDM halo collapse produces seed black holes of mass ~3e-8 of the halo mass at apparent horizon formation.
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Role of prompt cusps in driving the core collapse of SIDM halos
Prompt cusps delay core formation by a factor of ~2 in SIDM halos but later collapse tracks align after rescaling, with ~5% late-stage deviations depending on concentration and outer velocity dispersion.
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Probing scalar-neutrino and scalar-dark-matter interactions with PandaX-4T
PandaX-4T reports the first direct spectral search for scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions in 136Xe double beta decay, setting new upper limits for mediator masses below 2 MeV/c².
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Multi-species Dark Matter with Warmth and Randomness
Presents a general analytic framework based on truncated BBGKY hierarchy solved via Volterra equations for computing power spectra in multi-species dark matter with finite velocity dispersion and Poisson fluctuations.
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Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars
Strongly interacting dark matter described by a first-principles G2 gauge-theory equation of state can be mixed into neutron stars while remaining compatible with current observational constraints.
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Pseudo-FIMP dark matter in presence of a SIMP
A feebly interacting dark matter particle can become a pseudo-FIMP by staying in equilibrium through conversion with a strongly self-interacting SIMP partner; the paper demonstrates this with coupled Boltzmann equatio...
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Mining for Dark Matter Substructure: Inferring subhalo population properties from strong lenses with machine learning
A neural likelihood ratio estimator trained on simulated strong lensing images can infer the abundance and mass slope of dark matter subhalos from an ensemble of lenses.
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A Novel Implementation of Self-Interacting Dark Matter in AREPO
A dedicated-tree Monte-Carlo SIDM module in AREPO-2 conserves energy/momentum under multiple scatters, supports velocity-dependent and inelastic models, and runs with only modest overhead versus CDM except in late cor...
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Dynamical flattening of halo density cusps by Q-ball dark matter
Interacting Q-ball dark matter flattens NFW cusps via density-dependent mergers that convert rest mass into escaping relativistic dark-sector particles, preferentially in halo centers.
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Probing Dark Matter Substructure with Wave-Optics Distortions of Strongly Lensed LISA Gravitational Waves
Simulated four-year-LISA lensed waveforms show fuzzy-dark-matter substructure leaves a frequency-dependent phase residual that distinguishes it from NFW or self-interacting halos with ~60–110 resolved images.
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The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors
GW231123 is better fit by a lower-mass merger diffracted by an isolated ~1000 M_sun lens, but astrophysical priors and a frequentist rate estimate make this lensing interpretation unlikely.
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High resolution Lyman-{\alpha} forest constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering
The Lyman-alpha forest constrains dark matter-neutrino scattering to u_nu_chi < 1.5e-8 (95% C.L.), excluding previously claimed hints of a non-zero interaction.
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S-matrix bootstrap bounds on self-interacting dark matter
Weakly coupled scalar self-interacting dark matter cannot be heavier than ~0.3 GeV (generic) or ~MeV (derivative-coupled pNGB), much tighter than the 12 GeV unitarity bound.
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Dark matter density profiles of the Milky Way satellite population: reconciling simulations and observations
Fixed-physical-radius slope and full-profile comparisons of NIHAO/FIRE-2 satellites to 16 MW dwarfs show mass-dependent core formation and agreement within ~1σ for most systems, outperforming NFW.
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Vortex-reconnection energy bounds in Bose-Einstein-condensed and superfluid dark matter halos
Vortex reconnections in BEC/superfluid dark matter halos produce dark-sector heating at a rate that is secular but sub-virial for relaxed non-interacting soliton cores, with the dominant uncertainty being the true vor...
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Dark matter energy exchange in stars orbiting supermassive black holes
Orbit-averaged elastic DM scattering in S4714 reaches stellar luminosity at σ_χp ∼ 10^{-36} cm² (MeV–GeV) and σ_χe ∼ 5×10^{-38} cm² (sub-MeV) for a spiked profile.
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Self-interacting dark matter promotes bar formation in disk galaxies
SIDM halos accelerate bar formation and growth in disk galaxies through enhanced angular momentum exchange, independent of core formation.
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Quasinormal modes and tidal responses of black holes in generic anisotropic matter environments
A perturbative framework for black holes in anisotropic matter shows quasinormal modes dominated by gravitational redshift while tidal Love numbers exhibit order-unity deviations including vanishing and negative values.
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Steep Redshift Evolution of the Ionizing Escape Fraction at $z = 5$--$12$: Empirical Constraints and Comparison with Simulations
Empirical three-parameter fit to f_esc(M_h,z) yields steep redshift evolution with population-averaged escape fraction rising from ~2% at z=5 to ~9% at z=12.
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Self-gravitating quantum stars with a globally relevant Bohm potential
The equilibrium radius of self-gravitating dark fermion stars is determined by the fermion mass once the total mass is given, with the Bohm potential supplying outward pressure for heavier species and inward tension f...
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MARVELously Dark: the density profile evolution of dwarf halos in velocity-dependent SIDM
In a new SIDM simulation of isolated dwarf halos, nine low-mass halos are core-collapsed, and inner density slope—rather than central density—best tracks collapse onset and matches analytic collapse-time predictions.
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Scalar-Mediated Inelastic Dark Matter as a Solution to Small-Scale Structure Anomalies
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via reson...
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Self-Interaction of Super-Resonant Dark Matter
Super-resonant dark matter at O(100) GeV masses amplifies self-scattering and annihilation cross sections via combined resonance and Sommerfeld effects, necessitating coupled Boltzmann equations to match observed reli...
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Pion dark matter in a $\theta$ vacuum: a thermal relic with sharp velocity-dependent self-interactions
A QCD-like dark sector with a theta vacuum and a dark photon portal can simultaneously reproduce the dark matter relic abundance and produce the sharply velocity-dependent self-interactions inferred from small-scale s...
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Self-Interacting Dark Matter with Mass Segregation: A Unified Explanation of Dwarf Cores and Small-Scale Lenses
Two-component SIDM with velocity-dependent inter- and intra-species interactions produces mass segregation that forms dwarf cores and boosts small-scale strong lensing efficiency by a factor of a few.
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Numerical evolution of self-gravitating halos of self-interacting dark matter
A new simulation method efficiently evolves spherical self-interacting dark matter halos, reproducing core flattening and gravothermal collapse with orders-of-magnitude less computing power.
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Velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter and composite Higgs
A composite Higgs model in which dark matter mass and a light scalar mediator both arise from hypercolor dynamics, giving velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter with a claimed viable thermal relic.
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Structure-wide dark matter density depletion induced by local degeneracies
Degeneracy-induced depletion from fermionic DM in subhalos creates structure-wide low-density cores consistent with observations, linking profile diversity to formation history.
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A Practical and Consistent Parametrization of Dark Matter Self-Interactions
Dark matter self-interaction cross sections can be accurately parametrized by a two-parameter effective-range formula across many proposed particle models.
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Spherical Collapse and Halo Formation in a Cosmology with Decaying Dark Matter and a Semi-Cosmographic Dark Energy
In a decaying dark matter plus semi-cosmographic dark energy cosmology constrained by DESI BAO and ShapeFit, the spherical collapse threshold stays close to the ΛCDM value while massive halo abundance shows pronounced...
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Finite-Core Signatures in LISA-Band Wave-Optics Lensing by Low-Mass Dark Matter Halos
Finite cores in low-mass dark matter halos produce distinct complex residuals in LISA-band wave-optics amplification that cannot be fully mimicked by lower-concentration NFW profiles and peak at rc/rs ≃ 0.25-0.3.
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Onset of spontaneous scalarization in dark matter stars
Scalarization occurs across most of the parameter space for negative coupling parameter β_d in self-interacting dark matter stars, over a broader range than in conventional neutron stars.
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Dwarf Galaxy Constraints on Interacting Fermionic Dark Matter
MCMC fits of degenerate fermionic dark matter models to eight classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies constrain fermion masses to 100-300 eV and show current data do not strongly favor interacting over non-interacting equ...
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Dark QCD Origin of the NANOGrav Signal and Self-Interacting Dark Matter
A dark QCD model with a first-order phase transition at 5-6 MeV produces the NANOGrav SGWB amplitude while supplying self-interacting dark matter via a 40 GeV baryon and 20-50 MeV dilaton, linked by entropy dilution.
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Nearly Degenerate Majorana Dark Matter and Its Self-Interactions in a Gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ Model
A gauged U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} model generates nearly degenerate Majorana dark matter whose self-interactions via a light scalar mediator set the relic density, resolve core-cusp anomalies, and fit LZ direct detection plus muo...
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Effect of Cosmic Neutrino Background on the Dark Matter Self-interaction via Neutrino force
The cosmic neutrino background screens the neutrino-pair force between scalar dark matter particles for m_chi below the CnuB temperature, reshaping SIDM parameter space and eliminating Sommerfeld enhancement.
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Cosmological simulations of the same spiral galaxy: satellite properties, the role of baryonic physics and star formation history in shaping dark matter cores/cusps
Satellites that form most of their stars early keep dark matter cusps, while late or continuous star formers develop oscillating cores, so the dwarf diversity problem may be explained by feedback history and tides wit...
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Dark matter spikes with strongly self-interacting particles
Number-changing dark matter self-interactions can significantly deplete dark matter spikes around supermassive black holes, while the 2 to 1 semi-annihilation generally preserves the spike structure.
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Multi-band observation of lensed gravitational waves as a probe of small-mass dark matter halos
Using Fisher forecasts, the paper shows that joint ET and DECIGO observations of one lensed gravitational wave can break the degeneracy between lens mass, impact parameter, and halo core size.
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Spherically Symmetric Fluid Simulations of Black Hole Accretion in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
1D hydrodynamic simulations find that SIDM heat transport competes with gravity to regulate black hole accretion, enabling rapid growth in SIS profiles up to 10,000 solar masses from a 100 solar mass seed in 2 Myr.
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The Bright Future of the Dark and Dim Universe
SKA-Mid AA4 will resolve nearby RELHIC gas structure and measure the HIMF, HIVF and bTFR to 10^6 solar masses, testing ΛCDM and baryonic suppression.
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Gravothermal Collapse: Robust Against Baryonic Feedback
Baryonic feedback mildly delays but does not stall gravothermal collapse in high-concentration SIDM halos and allows resumption in median-concentration cases, yielding feedback-history-dependent central densities.
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Modeling dark matter halos with self-interacting fermions: A polytropic approach
A single ~40 eV self-interacting fermion is claimed to fit rotation curves of many galaxies with one adjustable density per galaxy, but fit quality and reported parameter ranges are inconsistent.
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Can a secluded self-interacting dark sector generate detectable gravitational waves?
In a secluded self-interacting dark sector with a dark U(1)' and dark radiation, existing Neff and Lyman-alpha limits remove nearly all gravitational-wave-detectable parameter space; one charge assignment keeps a smal...
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On Equation of State of Dark Matter around Massive Black Holes
Static dark matter halos around Schwarzschild black holes are viable only if the dark matter pressure is negative, under two toy equations of state and a vanishing horizon-density boundary condition.
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MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) Science White Paper I: Overview of Large-Scale Structure Cosmology in the Era of Stage-V Spectroscopic Surveys
MUST is a planned 6.5m Stage-V spectroscopic survey telescope targeting 100M+ galaxies and quasars to z~5.5 for large-scale structure cosmology studies.
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Cosmological searches for the neutrino mass scale and mass ordering
Thesis summarizing an upper limit of 0.12 eV on the neutrino mass sum, bias calibration via CMB lensing cross-correlations, and tighter limits plus stronger normal-ordering preference in non-phantom dynamical dark ene...
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Constraints on a Light Leptophilic Scalar from Dark-Sector Couplings
A parameter space analysis of a leptophilic scalar mediator model for Majorana dark matter yields a viable sub-GeV region after applying relic density, cosmological, astrophysical, and laboratory constraints.
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Self-Interacting Dark Matter in Brown Dwarfs
Brown dwarfs modeled with a self-interacting dark matter fluid component show modified radii and second-order Love numbers due to core accumulation.
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Cosmological Galaxy Formation Modelling in the Era of the Square Kilometre Array
Review of state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy formation models for HI, molecular gas and radio continuum in preparation for SKA, advocating coordinated multi-scale simulations, forward modelling and AI emulators.
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