OOPSIEVERSE is a new damage-aware simulation benchmark for household robot manipulation that converts contact, thermal, and fluid signals into task-agnostic damage metrics and demonstrates uses in safer policy learning and benchmarking.
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RoboCasa: Large-Scale Simulation of Everyday Tasks for Generalist Robots
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abstract
Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have largely been propelled by scaling. In Robotics, scaling is hindered by the lack of access to massive robot datasets. We advocate using realistic physical simulation as a means to scale environments, tasks, and datasets for robot learning methods. We present RoboCasa, a large-scale simulation framework for training generalist robots in everyday environments. RoboCasa features realistic and diverse scenes focusing on kitchen environments. We provide thousands of 3D assets across over 150 object categories and dozens of interactable furniture and appliances. We enrich the realism and diversity of our simulation with generative AI tools, such as object assets from text-to-3D models and environment textures from text-to-image models. We design a set of 100 tasks for systematic evaluation, including composite tasks generated by the guidance of large language models. To facilitate learning, we provide high-quality human demonstrations and integrate automated trajectory generation methods to substantially enlarge our datasets with minimal human burden. Our experiments show a clear scaling trend in using synthetically generated robot data for large-scale imitation learning and show great promise in harnessing simulation data in real-world tasks. Videos and open-source code are available at https://robocasa.ai/
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representative citing papers
SceneCode compiles natural language prompts into executable code programs that generate editable, articulated indoor scenes for physics simulation.
SafeManip is a benchmark applying reusable LTLf templates across eight safety categories to evaluate temporal properties in robotic manipulation on VLA policies.
Pace-and-Path Correction decomposes a quadratic cost minimization into orthogonal pace and path channels to correct chunked actions in VLA models, raising success rates by up to 28.8% in dynamic settings.
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
DockAnywhere lifts single demonstrations to diverse docking points via structure-preserving augmentation and point-cloud spatial editing to improve viewpoint generalization in visuomotor policies for mobile manipulation.
ReV is a referring-aware visuomotor policy using coupled diffusion heads for real-time trajectory replanning in robotic manipulation, trained solely via targeted perturbations to expert demonstrations and achieving higher success rates in simulated and real tasks.
VP-VLA decouples high-level reasoning from low-level control in VLA models by rendering spatial anchors as visual prompts directly in the RGB observation space, outperforming end-to-end baselines.
HeiSD delivers up to 2.45x faster inference for embodied VLA models by hybridizing speculative decoding with kinematic boundary detection and error-mitigation tricks while preserving task success rates.
ST-BiBench reveals a coordination paradox in which MLLMs show strong high-level strategic reasoning yet fail at fine-grained 16-dimensional bimanual action synthesis and multi-stream fusion.
RL-VLA³ is an asynchronous RL framework for VLA training that delivers up to 85.2% higher throughput than synchronous baselines while preserving identical sample efficiency and scaling to 256 GPUs.
T^2VLA is a test-time reinforcement learning framework for VLAs that uses internal confidence to define intrinsic rewards via similarity to high-confidence expert demonstrations and a dual-expert bootstrapping mechanism.
EventVLA introduces foundational visual anchors and a Keyframe Evidence Memory module that predicts future keyframe probabilities from VLA embeddings to improve long-horizon task success by an average of 40% on 17 simulation and 4 real-world tasks.
SafeVLA-Bench adds STL-based safety checks to VLA benchmarks and finds 13-56% of successful rollouts on LIBERO and RoboCasa-365 violate at least one safety clause.
RoboWits benchmark with 238 tasks shows pre-trained VLAs succeed on seed tasks but fail on mutated ones, highlighting brittleness in reasoning.
X-DiffVLA proposes a diffusion VLA model using Embodiment Forcing and Morphological Tree Diffusion to achieve SOTA cross-embodied performance on simulation benchmarks with 15.3% and 12.5% gains.
GaussianDream is a feed-forward 3D Gaussian world model plug-in that conditions VLA policies on learned 3D spatial and future evolution representations for improved robotic manipulation performance.
COBALT enables scalable crowdsourced teleoperation of robots using smartphones, supporting concurrent users with low latency and yielding a 7500+ demonstration dataset validated on imitation learning tasks.
DexHoldem is a new benchmark providing 1,470 teleoperated demonstrations across 14 manipulation primitives, plus standardized tests for dexterous policy execution and agentic perception in a physical Texas Hold'em setting.
DeMiAn re-annotates robot and egocentric videos with VLM-generated dense labels across motion, scene, pose, and reasoning aspects, then uses a learned instructor to boost policy success by 5 points on RoboCasa over task-only baselines.
D-VLA uses plane decoupling and a swimlane pipeline to deliver higher throughput and linear speedup than prior RL frameworks when training billion- and trillion-parameter VLA models on benchmarks like LIBERO.
RoboMemArena is a new large-scale robotic memory benchmark with real-world tasks, and PrediMem is a dual VLA system that outperforms baselines by managing memory buffers with predictive coding.
Adaptive Q-Chunking selects optimal action chunk sizes at each state via normalized advantage comparisons to outperform fixed chunk sizes in offline-to-online RL on robot benchmarks.
citing papers explorer
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OopsieVerse: A Safety Benchmark with Damage-Aware Simulation for Robot Manipulation
OOPSIEVERSE is a new damage-aware simulation benchmark for household robot manipulation that converts contact, thermal, and fluid signals into task-agnostic damage metrics and demonstrates uses in safer policy learning and benchmarking.
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SceneCode: Executable World Programs for Editable Indoor Scenes with Articulated Objects
SceneCode compiles natural language prompts into executable code programs that generate editable, articulated indoor scenes for physics simulation.
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SafeManip: A Property-Driven Benchmark for Temporal Safety Evaluation in Robotic Manipulation
SafeManip is a benchmark applying reusable LTLf templates across eight safety categories to evaluate temporal properties in robotic manipulation on VLA policies.
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Overcoming Dynamics-Blindness: Training-Free Pace-and-Path Correction for VLA Models
Pace-and-Path Correction decomposes a quadratic cost minimization into orthogonal pace and path channels to correct chunked actions in VLA models, raising success rates by up to 28.8% in dynamic settings.
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OA-WAM: Object-Addressable World Action Model for Robust Robot Manipulation
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
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Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
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DockAnywhere: Data-Efficient Visuomotor Policy Learning for Mobile Manipulation via Novel Demonstration Generation
DockAnywhere lifts single demonstrations to diverse docking points via structure-preserving augmentation and point-cloud spatial editing to improve viewpoint generalization in visuomotor policies for mobile manipulation.
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Referring-Aware Visuomotor Policy Learning for Closed-Loop Manipulation
ReV is a referring-aware visuomotor policy using coupled diffusion heads for real-time trajectory replanning in robotic manipulation, trained solely via targeted perturbations to expert demonstrations and achieving higher success rates in simulated and real tasks.
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VP-VLA: Visual Prompting as an Interface for Vision-Language-Action Models
VP-VLA decouples high-level reasoning from low-level control in VLA models by rendering spatial anchors as visual prompts directly in the RGB observation space, outperforming end-to-end baselines.
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HeiSD: Hybrid Speculative Decoding for Embodied Vision-Language-Action Models with Kinematic Awareness
HeiSD delivers up to 2.45x faster inference for embodied VLA models by hybridizing speculative decoding with kinematic boundary detection and error-mitigation tricks while preserving task success rates.
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ST-BiBench: Benchmarking Multi-Stream Multimodal Coordination in Bimanual Embodied Tasks for MLLMs
ST-BiBench reveals a coordination paradox in which MLLMs show strong high-level strategic reasoning yet fail at fine-grained 16-dimensional bimanual action synthesis and multi-stream fusion.
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RL-VLA$^3$: A Flexible and Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for VLA Training
RL-VLA³ is an asynchronous RL framework for VLA training that delivers up to 85.2% higher throughput than synchronous baselines while preserving identical sample efficiency and scaling to 256 GPUs.
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Trust Your Instincts: Confidence-Driven Test-Time RL for Vision-Language-Action Models
T^2VLA is a test-time reinforcement learning framework for VLAs that uses internal confidence to define intrinsic rewards via similarity to high-confidence expert demonstrations and a dual-expert bootstrapping mechanism.
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EventVLA: Event-Driven Visual Evidence Memory for Long-Horizon Vision-Language-Action Policies
EventVLA introduces foundational visual anchors and a Keyframe Evidence Memory module that predicts future keyframe probabilities from VLA embeddings to improve long-horizon task success by an average of 40% on 17 simulation and 4 real-world tasks.
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SafeVLA-Bench: A Benchmark for the Success-Safety Gap in Vision-Language-Action Models
SafeVLA-Bench adds STL-based safety checks to VLA benchmarks and finds 13-56% of successful rollouts on LIBERO and RoboCasa-365 violate at least one safety clause.
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RoboWits: Unexpected Challenges for Robotic Creative Problem Solving
RoboWits benchmark with 238 tasks shows pre-trained VLAs succeed on seed tasks but fail on mutated ones, highlighting brittleness in reasoning.
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X-DiffVLA: X-Embodied Diffusion Action Heads for Vision-Language-Action Models
X-DiffVLA proposes a diffusion VLA model using Embodiment Forcing and Morphological Tree Diffusion to achieve SOTA cross-embodied performance on simulation benchmarks with 15.3% and 12.5% gains.
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GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulation
GaussianDream is a feed-forward 3D Gaussian world model plug-in that conditions VLA policies on learned 3D spatial and future evolution representations for improved robotic manipulation performance.
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COBALT: Crowdsourcing Robot Learning via Cloud-Based Teleoperation with Smartphones
COBALT enables scalable crowdsourced teleoperation of robots using smartphones, supporting concurrent users with low latency and yielding a 7500+ demonstration dataset validated on imitation learning tasks.
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DexHoldem: Playing Texas Hold'em with Dexterous Embodied System
DexHoldem is a new benchmark providing 1,470 teleoperated demonstrations across 14 manipulation primitives, plus standardized tests for dexterous policy execution and agentic perception in a physical Texas Hold'em setting.
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How to Instruct Your Robot: Dense Language Annotations Power Robot Policy Learning
DeMiAn re-annotates robot and egocentric videos with VLM-generated dense labels across motion, scene, pose, and reasoning aspects, then uses a learned instructor to boost policy success by 5 points on RoboCasa over task-only baselines.
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D-VLA: A High-Concurrency Distributed Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Framework for Vision-Language-Action Models
D-VLA uses plane decoupling and a swimlane pipeline to deliver higher throughput and linear speedup than prior RL frameworks when training billion- and trillion-parameter VLA models on benchmarks like LIBERO.
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RoboMemArena: A Comprehensive and Challenging Robotic Memory Benchmark
RoboMemArena is a new large-scale robotic memory benchmark with real-world tasks, and PrediMem is a dual VLA system that outperforms baselines by managing memory buffers with predictive coding.
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Adaptive Q-Chunking for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
Adaptive Q-Chunking selects optimal action chunk sizes at each state via normalized advantage comparisons to outperform fixed chunk sizes in offline-to-online RL on robot benchmarks.
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How Far Are VLMs from Privacy Awareness in the Physical World? An Empirical Study
Vision-language models exhibit perceptual fragility and fail to consistently respect privacy constraints when operating in simulated physical environments, with performance declining in cluttered scenes and under conflicting commands.
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LeHome: A Simulation Environment for Deformable Object Manipulation in Household Scenarios
LeHome is a simulation platform offering high-fidelity dynamics for robotic manipulation of varied deformable objects in household settings, with support for multiple robot embodiments including low-cost hardware.
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Exploring High-Order Self-Similarity for Video Understanding
The MOSS module learns and combines multi-order space-time self-similarity features to enhance temporal dynamics modeling in videos across action recognition, VQA, and robotic tasks.
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Unmasking the Illusion of Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models
State-of-the-art vision-language-action models catastrophically fail dynamic embodied reasoning due to lexical-kinematic shortcuts, behavioral inertia, and semantic feature collapse caused by architectural bottlenecks, as shown by the new BeTTER benchmark with real-world validation.
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From Seeing to Simulating: Generative High-Fidelity Simulation with Digital Cousins for Generalizable Robot Learning and Evaluation
Digital Cousins is a generative real-to-sim method that creates diverse high-fidelity simulation scenes from real panoramas to improve generalization in robot learning and evaluation.
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A Mechanistic Analysis of Sim-and-Real Co-Training in Generative Robot Policies
Sim-and-real co-training for robot policies is driven primarily by balanced cross-domain representation alignment and secondarily by domain-dependent action reweighting.
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Grounded World Model for Semantically Generalizable Planning
A vision-language-aligned world model turns visuomotor MPC into a language-following planner that reaches 87% success on 288 unseen semantic tasks where standard VLAs drop to 22%.
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AffordSim: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark for Affordance-Aware Robotic Manipulation
AffordSim integrates open-vocabulary 3D affordance prediction into simulation trajectory generation to create a 50-task benchmark that reaches 93% of manual annotation success rates and enables 24% average zero-shot success on a real Franka FR3.
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RoboPlayground: Democratizing Robotic Evaluation through Structured Physical Domains
RoboPlayground reframes robotic manipulation evaluation as a language-driven process over structured physical domains, letting users author varied yet reproducible tasks that reveal policy generalization failures.
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ROBOGATE: Adaptive Failure Discovery for Safe Robot Policy Deployment via Two-Stage Boundary-Focused Sampling
ROBOGATE applies adaptive boundary-focused sampling in simulation to discover robot policy failure boundaries, revealing a 97.65 percentage point performance gap for a VLA model between LIBERO and industrial scenarios.
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RISE: Self-Improving Robot Policy with Compositional World Model
RISE combines a controllable dynamics model and progress value model into a closed-loop self-improving pipeline that updates robot policies entirely in imagination, reporting over 35% absolute gains on three real-world tasks.
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A Pragmatic VLA Foundation Model
LingBot-VLA is a VLA foundation model trained on massive real robot data that shows superior generalization across tasks and platforms with fast training throughput.
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Cosmos Policy: Fine-Tuning Video Models for Visuomotor Control and Planning
Single-stage fine-tuning of a video model to generate actions as latent frames plus future states and values yields state-of-the-art robot policy performance on LIBERO, RoboCasa, and bimanual tasks.
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Genie Envisioner: A Unified World Foundation Platform for Robotic Manipulation
Genie Envisioner unifies robotic policy learning, simulation, and evaluation inside one instruction-conditioned video diffusion framework using GE-Base, GE-Act, and GE-Sim.
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Position: Vision-Language-Action Models Cannot Be Verified to Perform Physical Reasoning
VLA benchmark success rates cannot distinguish semantic generalization from physical reasoning due to an identifiability gap in current evaluation protocols.
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Scalable Multi-Task Data Generation via Reinforcement Learning for Language-Conditioned Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation
An RL data generation pipeline with generalizable rewards and language annotations produces diverse synthetic datasets that improve multi-task policy generalization on three bimanual manipulation tasks.
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GRAIL: Generating Humanoid Loco-Manipulation from 3D Assets and Video Priors
GRAIL creates over 20,000 synthetic loco-manipulation sequences from known 3D configurations and video priors, then trains policies that achieve 84% pick-up and 90% stair-climbing success on a real Unitree G1 humanoid using only the generated data.
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Rethinking VLM Representation for VLA Initialization
Experiments indicate original VLM representations are crucial for VLA performance, LoRA outperforms full finetuning, and staged robot-data pretraining yields the strongest initialization.
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Nautilus: From One Prompt to Plug-and-Play Robot Learning
NAUTILUS is a prompt-driven harness that automates plug-and-play adapters, typed contracts, and validation for policies, benchmarks, and robots in learning research.
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What Will Happen Next: Large Models-Driven Deduction for Emergency Instances
WLDS applies large models with factual and logical calibration to produce diverse text-and-image deductions of emergency scenarios beyond what traditional fixed simulations can generate.
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EmbodiedClaw: Conversational Workflow Execution for Embodied AI Development
EmbodiedClaw automates embodied AI development workflows through conversation, reducing manual effort and improving consistency and reproducibility.
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Learning 3D Representations for Spatial Intelligence from Unposed Multi-View Images
UniSplat learns consistent 3D geometry, appearance, and semantics from unposed images using dual masking, progressive Gaussian splatting, and recalibration to align predictions across tasks.
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CoEnv: Driving Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration via Compositional Environment
CoEnv introduces a compositional environment that integrates real and simulated spaces for multi-agent robotic collaboration, using real-to-sim reconstruction, VLM action synthesis, and validated sim-to-real transfer to achieve high success rates on multi-arm manipulation tasks.
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Real-to-Sim for Highly Cluttered Environments via Physics-Consistent Inter-Object Reasoning
A differentiable optimization pipeline uses a contact graph and rigid-body simulation to jointly refine object poses and physical properties, producing physically valid 3D scene reconstructions from single-view RGB-D observations for cluttered environments.
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GeoPredict: Leveraging Predictive Kinematics and 3D Gaussian Geometry for Precise VLA Manipulation
GeoPredict improves VLA manipulation accuracy by adding predictive kinematic trajectories and 3D Gaussian workspace geometry as training-time depth-rendering supervision.
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A Careful Examination of Large Behavior Models for Multitask Dexterous Manipulation
Multi-task pretraining of diffusion policies on diverse robot data produces more successful, robust, and data-efficient policies for dexterous manipulation than single-task baselines, with performance scaling with pretraining size and diversity.