MedMemoryBench supplies a 2,000-session synthetic medical trajectory dataset and an evaluate-while-constructing streaming protocol to expose memory saturation and reasoning failures in current agent architectures for personalized healthcare.
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Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learning
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of NLP tasks, but they remain fundamentally stateless, constrained by limited context windows that hinder long-horizon reasoning. Recent efforts to address this limitation often augment LLMs with an external memory bank, yet most existing pipelines are static and heuristic-driven, lacking a learned mechanism for deciding what to store, update, or retrieve. We present Memory-R1, a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that equips LLMs with the ability to actively manage and utilize external memory through two specialized agents: a Memory Manager that learns structured operations, including ADD, UPDATE, DELETE, and NOOP; and an Answer Agent that pre-selects and reasons over relevant entries. Both agents are fine-tuned with outcome-driven RL (PPO and GRPO), enabling adaptive memory management with minimal supervision. With only 152 training QA pairs, Memory-R1 outperforms strong baselines and generalizes across diverse question types, three benchmarks (LoCoMo, MSC, LongMemEval), and multiple model scales (3B-14B).
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Framework estimates context-dependent marginal utility of candidate skills via reward gaps in matched base vs. skill-augmented rollouts to filter skills and co-train policy as generator.
MemTrain introduces two coupled self-supervised proxy tasks on Wikipedia corpora to train general context-memory capabilities in LLMs, reporting gains of up to 17.67 points on long-text and search-based QA benchmarks over direct post-training.
ElasticMem enables LLM agents to learn adaptive latent memory retrieval and elastic budget allocation, improving QA accuracy by 24-26% and ALFWorld success by 27-66% over baselines with lower token cost.
Introduces PerMemBench benchmark for personalized memory and shows session-level gating yields retention gains under perfect decisions but accurate gating is an open challenge.
MemMark enables snapshot-only attribution for agent long-term memory by embedding signals via keyed distribution-preserving sampling at memory-write decisions, recovering 40-bit payloads with near-baseline utility.
EvolveMem enables autonomous self-evolution of LLM memory retrieval configurations via LLM diagnosis and safeguards, delivering 25.7% gains over strong baselines on LoCoMo and 18.9% on MemBench with positive cross-benchmark transfer.
R^2-Mem distills rubric-scored experiences from high- and low-quality search trajectories to guide LLM agents, raising F1 by up to 22.6% while cutting tokens 12.9% and iterations 20.2%.
LongMemEval-V2 is a new benchmark where AgentRunbook-C reaches 72.5% accuracy on long-term agent memory tasks, beating RAG baselines at 48.5% and basic coding agents at 69.3%.
DeepRefine refines agent-compiled knowledge bases via multi-turn abductive diagnosis and RL training with a GBD reward, yielding consistent downstream task gains.
MemCompiler reframes memory use as state-conditioned compilation, delivering relevant guidance via text and latent channels to improve embodied agent performance up to 129% and cut latency 60% versus static injection.
BeliefMem is a probabilistic memory architecture for LLM agents that retains multiple candidate conclusions with probabilities updated by Noisy-OR, achieving superior average performance over deterministic baselines on LoCoMo and ALFWorld.
MemCoE learns memory organization guidelines via contrastive feedback and then trains a guideline-aligned RL policy for memory updates, yielding consistent gains on personalization benchmarks.
OCR-Memory encodes agent trajectories as images with visual anchors and retrieves verbatim text via locate-and-transcribe, yielding gains on long-horizon benchmarks under strict context limits.
SAGER equips LLM recommendation agents with per-user evolving policy skills via two-representation architecture, contrastive CoT diagnosis, and skill-augmented listwise reasoning, yielding SOTA gains orthogonal to memory accumulation.
PERMA is a new benchmark using temporally ordered events, text variability, and linguistic alignment to evaluate LLM memory agents on persona consistency beyond simple retrieval.
MM-Mem distills video input through a hierarchical memory of sensory buffer, episodic stream, and symbolic schema, optimized by a semantic information bottleneck and SIB-GRPO, to achieve SOTA on long-horizon video benchmarks.
AutoMem automates memory structure revision and proficiency training in LLMs, delivering 2x-4x performance gains on long-horizon games without altering task-action behavior.
ECHO is a selective turn-memory framework for agentic RL that compresses turns into indexed records, selects them for bounded contexts, and uses source indices to assign outcome credit to supporting evidence, reaching 43.4% accuracy on BrowseComp-Plus versus 28.9% for GRPO and 36.1% for SUPO.
ProReviewer is an MDP-formulated proactive peer review agent trained with SFT and RL on an 8B model that outperforms larger frontier LLMs on review quality metrics.
TMEM lets LLM agents evolve their policy mid-episode by absorbing distilled supervision into online LoRA updates, outperforming summary and retrieval baselines on several long-context benchmarks.
HMARS introduces a hierarchical multi-agent memory system that outperforms standard retrieval and other baselines on long-document and multi-turn reasoning tasks through improved evidence coverage.
RefMem-Bench benchmarks reflective memory in dialogue with 26K instances across eight dimensions, and REMIND improves model accuracy via hierarchical evidence retrieval, grounding, and abstraction.
MemPro evolves the entire MCR pipeline as runnable programs via failure-guided refinement on a version tree and outperforms static baselines on LongMemEval, LoCoMo, HotpotQA, and NarrativeQA.
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Tree-based Credit Assignment for Multi-Agent Memory System
TreeMem assigns credit to agents in multi-agent memory systems by expanding outputs into a tree and using Monte Carlo averaging of final rewards to optimize each agent's policy.
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Joint Optimization of Multi-agent Memory System
CoMAM jointly optimizes agents in multi-agent LLM memory systems via end-to-end RL and adaptive credit assignment to improve collaboration and performance.
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PyraVid: Hierarchical Multimodal Memory for Long-Horizon Video Reasoning
PyraVid is a hierarchical multimodal memory system that structures long videos into pyramids to improve long-horizon reasoning and evidence aggregation.