MedMemoryBench supplies a 2,000-session synthetic medical trajectory dataset and an evaluate-while-constructing streaming protocol to expose memory saturation and reasoning failures in current agent architectures for personalized healthcare.
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Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learning
29 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of NLP tasks, but they remain fundamentally stateless, constrained by limited context windows that hinder long-horizon reasoning. Recent efforts to address this limitation often augment LLMs with an external memory bank, yet most existing pipelines are static and heuristic-driven, lacking a learned mechanism for deciding what to store, update, or retrieve. We present Memory-R1, a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that equips LLMs with the ability to actively manage and utilize external memory through two specialized agents: a Memory Manager that learns structured operations, including ADD, UPDATE, DELETE, and NOOP; and an Answer Agent that pre-selects and reasons over relevant entries. Both agents are fine-tuned with outcome-driven RL (PPO and GRPO), enabling adaptive memory management with minimal supervision. With only 152 training QA pairs, Memory-R1 outperforms strong baselines and generalizes across diverse question types, three benchmarks (LoCoMo, MSC, LongMemEval), and multiple model scales (3B-14B).
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2026 29representative citing papers
R^2-Mem distills rubric-scored experiences from high- and low-quality search trajectories to guide LLM agents, raising F1 by up to 22.6% while cutting tokens 12.9% and iterations 20.2%.
LongMemEval-V2 is a new benchmark where AgentRunbook-C reaches 72.5% accuracy on long-term agent memory tasks, beating RAG baselines at 48.5% and basic coding agents at 69.3%.
DeepRefine refines agent-compiled knowledge bases via multi-turn abductive diagnosis and RL training with a GBD reward, yielding consistent downstream task gains.
MemCompiler introduces state-conditioned memory compilation that dynamically selects and compiles relevant memory into text and latent guidance, yielding up to 129% gains over no-memory baselines and 60% lower latency across multiple embodied benchmarks.
BeliefMem is a probabilistic memory architecture for LLM agents that retains multiple candidate conclusions with probabilities updated by Noisy-OR, achieving superior average performance over deterministic baselines on LoCoMo and ALFWorld.
MemCoE learns memory organization guidelines via contrastive feedback and then trains a guideline-aligned RL policy for memory updates, yielding consistent gains on personalization benchmarks.
OCR-Memory encodes agent trajectories as images with visual anchors and retrieves verbatim text via locate-and-transcribe, yielding gains on long-horizon benchmarks under strict context limits.
SAGER equips LLM recommendation agents with per-user evolving policy skills via two-representation architecture, contrastive CoT diagnosis, and skill-augmented listwise reasoning, yielding SOTA gains orthogonal to memory accumulation.
SAGE is a self-evolving agentic graph-memory engine that dynamically constructs and refines structured memory graphs via writer-reader feedback, yielding performance gains on multi-hop QA, open-domain retrieval, and long-term agent benchmarks.
TreeMem assigns credit to agents in multi-agent memory systems by expanding outputs into a tree and using Monte Carlo averaging of final rewards to optimize each agent's policy.
In LLM agents, memory routing circuits emerge at 0.6B scale while content circuits appear only at 4B, and write/read operations recruit a pre-existing late-layer context hub instead of creating a new one, enabling a 76% accurate unsupervised failure diagnostic.
A lightweight supervised router using frozen-LLM embeddings for memory admission decisions outperforms LLM-based memory managers in both F1 score and latency on the LoCoMo benchmark.
RSCB-MC is a risk-sensitive contextual bandit memory controller for LLM coding agents that chooses safe actions including abstention, achieving 60.5% proxy success with 0% false positives and low latency in 200-case validation.
MemSearch-o1 mitigates memory dilution in agentic LLM search through reasoning-aligned token-level memory growth, retracing with a contribution function, and path reorganization, improving reasoning activation on benchmarks.
The Experience Compression Spectrum unifies memory, skills, and rules in LLM agents along increasing compression levels and identifies the absence of adaptive cross-level compression as the missing diagonal.
POINTS-Seeker-8B is an 8B multimodal model trained from scratch for agentic search that uses seeding and visual-space history folding to outperform prior models on six visual reasoning benchmarks.
Introduces MemHome benchmark and RL with multi-dimensional rewards for memory-driven smart home device control.
AnomalyAgent uses tool-augmented reinforcement learning with self-reflection to generate realistic industrial anomalies, achieving better metrics than zero-shot methods on MVTec-AD.
TSUBASA improves long-horizon personalization in LLMs via dynamic memory evolution for writing and context-distillation self-learning for reading, outperforming Mem0 and Memory-R1 on Qwen-3 benchmarks while reducing token use.
Decocted experience—extracting and organizing the essence from accumulated interactions—enables more effective context construction that improves test-time inference in LLM agents on math, web, and software tasks.
MemFactory is a new unified modular framework for memory-augmented LLM agent inference and training that integrates GRPO and reports up to 14.8% relative gains on MemAgent evaluations.
MANGO optimizes multi-agent LLM workflows via flow networks, RL, and textual gradients, delivering up to 12.8% higher performance and 47.4% better efficiency while generalizing to new domains.
A systems-level data model for preserving typed, addressable, versioned, and dependency-aware intermediate artifacts in agentic AI systems to improve long-term inspectability and maintainability.
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MedMemoryBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Personalized Healthcare
MedMemoryBench supplies a 2,000-session synthetic medical trajectory dataset and an evaluate-while-constructing streaming protocol to expose memory saturation and reasoning failures in current agent architectures for personalized healthcare.
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Belief Memory: Agent Memory Under Partial Observability
BeliefMem is a probabilistic memory architecture for LLM agents that retains multiple candidate conclusions with probabilities updated by Noisy-OR, achieving superior average performance over deterministic baselines on LoCoMo and ALFWorld.
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SAGE: A Self-Evolving Agentic Graph-Memory Engine for Structure-Aware Associative Memory
SAGE is a self-evolving agentic graph-memory engine that dynamically constructs and refines structured memory graphs via writer-reader feedback, yielding performance gains on multi-hop QA, open-domain retrieval, and long-term agent benchmarks.
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What Happens Inside Agent Memory? Circuit Analysis from Emergence to Diagnosis
In LLM agents, memory routing circuits emerge at 0.6B scale while content circuits appear only at 4B, and write/read operations recruit a pre-existing late-layer context hub instead of creating a new one, enabling a 76% accurate unsupervised failure diagnostic.
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Experience Compression Spectrum: Unifying Memory, Skills, and Rules in LLM Agents
The Experience Compression Spectrum unifies memory, skills, and rules in LLM agents along increasing compression levels and identifies the absence of adaptive cross-level compression as the missing diagonal.
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Trust Your Memory: Verifiable Control of Smart Homes through Reinforcement Learning with Multi-dimensional Rewards
Introduces MemHome benchmark and RL with multi-dimensional rewards for memory-driven smart home device control.
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Decocted Experience Improves Test-Time Inference in LLM Agents
Decocted experience—extracting and organizing the essence from accumulated interactions—enables more effective context construction that improves test-time inference in LLM agents on math, web, and software tasks.
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Intermediate Artifacts as First-Class Citizens: A Data Model for Durable Intermediate Artifacts in Agentic Systems
A systems-level data model for preserving typed, addressable, versioned, and dependency-aware intermediate artifacts in agentic AI systems to improve long-term inspectability and maintainability.
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From Agent Loops to Deterministic Graphs: Execution Lineage for Reproducible AI-Native Work
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Web2BigTable: A Bi-Level Multi-Agent LLM System for Internet-Scale Information Search and Extraction
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A Brief Overview: Agentic Reinforcement Learning In Large Language Models
The paper surveys the conceptual foundations, methodological innovations, challenges, and future directions of agentic reinforcement learning frameworks that embed cognitive capabilities like meta-reasoning and self-reflection into LLM-based agents.