Modified Villain lattice realizations of flat-gauged interfaces and T-duality defects in the 2D compact boson are constructed at arbitrary radii, yielding non-compact edge modes with continuous spectrum and infinite quantum dimension.
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ICTP Lectures on (Non-)Invertible Generalized Symmetries
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What comprises a global symmetry of a Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been vastly expanded in the past 10 years to include not only symmetries acting on higher-dimensional defects, but also most recently symmetries which do not have an inverse. The principle that enables this generalization is the identification of symmetries with topological defects in the QFT. In these lectures, we provide an introduction to generalized symmetries, with a focus on non-invertible symmetries. We begin with a brief overview of invertible generalized symmetries, including higher-form and higher-group symmetries, and then move on to non-invertible symmetries. The main idea that underlies many constructions of non-invertible symmetries is that of stacking a QFT with topological QFTs (TQFTs) and then gauging a diagonal non-anomalous global symmetry. The TQFTs become topological defects in the gauged theory called (twisted) theta defects and comprise a large class of non-invertible symmetries including condensation defects, self-duality defects, and non-invertible symmetries of gauge theories with disconnected gauge groups. We will explain the general principle and provide numerous concrete examples. Following this extensive characterization of symmetry generators, we then discuss their action on higher-charges, i.e. extended physical operators. As we will explain, even for invertible higher-form symmetries these are not only representations of the $p$-form symmetry group, but more generally what are called higher-representations. Finally, we give an introduction to the Symmetry Topological Field Theory (SymTFT) and its utility in characterizing symmetries, their gauging and generalized charges. Lectures prepared for the ICTP Trieste Spring School, April 2023.
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New dualities in 3d TQFTs are derived via non-invertible anyon condensation, generalizing level-rank dualities and providing new presentations for parafermion theories, c=1 orbifolds, and SU(2)_N.
Sequential circuit invariants detect non-invertible symmetry anomalies and characterize non-Abelian fermionic loops plus a new mixed topological order in (3+1)D.
The paper classifies one-dimensional Abelian translationally covariant modulated symmetries via Jordan normal forms and derives their Goldstone actions, which modify the conventional theorem by type of symmetry.
Bordism computation for K(Z,3) identifies a new mixed perturbative anomaly in 5D and a new Z2 discrete anomaly in 7D for U(1) 1-form symmetries.
Framework for hypergroup symmetries in relative QFTs establishes one-to-one correspondence between finite symmetries and finite-index conformal embeddings in rational chiral algebras, with implications for gluing left-right symmetries and boundary conditions in 2D CFTs.
Twin phases are inequivalent phases sharing a generalized charge under symmetry S, enabling stable direct transitions without spontaneous symmetry breaking even after gauging.
Twin condensable algebras are introduced as condensable algebras with identical anyon decompositions but inequivalent algebra structures, yielding distinct symmetric phases in group-theoretical topological orders.
String order parameters in 1D gapped phases with invertible or non-invertible symmetries organize into Lagrangian algebras in the Drinfel'd centre via tensor-network module categories.
Introduces the twisted Villain model to realize exact T-duality on the lattice for fibred manifolds, recovering bundle-flux exchange and defining topological defects via half-gauging.
Constructs a family of non-invertible topological defects in n Weyl fermion theories via unfolding of G-symmetric boundary conditions for Dirac fermions, with explicit descriptions for U(1)^n and applications to fermion-boundary scattering.
Any weakly integral fusion category admits a QCA-refined realization on tensor-product Hilbert spaces with QCA and symmetry indices fixed by the categorical data under defect assumptions.
Defect 't Hooft anomalies trap charges at symmetry-line junctions and thereby drive categorical scattering into twist operators.
Derives Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT to study anomalies in QFTs via a conserved parameter-space current, yielding a new perspective on symmetries.
Sharpened Dynamical Cobordism ties the allowed range of critical exponent δ to theory structure ξ, flagging obstructions from non-trivial cobordism charges that require new degrees of freedom.
Constructs non-invertible duality defects in (2+1)d QFTs from half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries and derives explicit fusion rules with examples in U(1)^3 gauge theories.
A supersymmetric SymTFT (SuSymTFT) is constructed as a super-BF theory on (n|m)-dimensional supermanifolds and verified for compact and chiral super-bosons in two dimensions.
Generalized symmetries generate exponentially many Krylov sectors in quantum many-body systems, showing that Hilbert space fragmentation does not by itself imply ergodicity breaking.
A general prescription is formulated for spurion analysis of commutative non-invertible fusion algebras in particle physics, unifying prior specific cases and enabling systematic tracking of coupling constants in tree- and loop-level processes without requiring faithful realization or exclusive use.
A bosonic lattice model realizes exact chiral symmetry and its anomaly in 3+1d, with the continuum limit a compact boson theory with axion-like coupling.
A gauging method from abelian Dijkgraaf-Witten theories yields BF-type Lagrangians for non-abelian cases via local-coefficient cohomologies and homotopy analysis.
Condensation defects in SymTFT descriptions of XY-plaquette and XYZ-cube models realize non-invertible self-duality symmetries at any coupling, with a continuous SO(2) version in the XY-plaquette.
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
Defect charges under generalized symmetries correspond one-to-one with gapped boundary conditions of the Symmetry TFT Z(C) on Y = Σ_{d-p+1} × S^{p-1} via dimensional reduction.
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Strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking of higher-form non-invertible symmetries in Kitaev's quantum double model
Decohered non-Abelian Kitaev quantum double states exhibit strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking of non-invertible higher-form symmetries and form an information convex set whose dimension equals the pure-state ground-state degeneracy.