Vision encoders on single 2D molecular images with a chemistry-informed curriculum achieve top or near-top results on 10 property prediction tasks at 80x lower FLOPs than multi-modal competitors.
super hub Mixed citations
Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scaling
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (60%).
149
Pith papers citing it
Background
60% of classified citations
abstract
In this work, we introduce Janus-Pro, an advanced version of the previous work Janus. Specifically, Janus-Pro incorporates (1) an optimized training strategy, (2) expanded training data, and (3) scaling to larger model size. With these improvements, Janus-Pro achieves significant advancements in both multimodal understanding and text-to-image instruction-following capabilities, while also enhancing the stability of text-to-image generation. We hope this work will inspire further exploration in the field. Code and models are publicly available.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 31
baseline 18
other 2
method 1
citation-polarity summary
claims ledger
- abstract In this work, we introduce Janus-Pro, an advanced version of the previous work Janus. Specifically, Janus-Pro incorporates (1) an optimized training strategy, (2) expanded training data, and (3) scaling to larger model size. With these improvements, Janus-Pro achieves significant advancements in both multimodal understanding and text-to-image instruction-following capabilities, while also enhancing the stability of text-to-image generation. We hope this work will inspire further exploration in the field. Code and models are publicly available.
authors
co-cited works
representative citing papers
Cornfigurator is the first automated deployment planner for generic any-to-any multimodal models that explores the full range of colocation-to-disaggregation strategies and delivers 1.12x to 6.32x higher goodput than existing systems or expert plans.
Flow-GRPO is the first online RL method for flow matching models, raising GenEval accuracy from 63% to 95% and text-rendering accuracy from 59% to 92% with little reward hacking.
Obliviate erases targeted concepts from autoregressive image generators via KL supervision on visual tokens over full trajectories, cutting nudity rates sharply on benchmarks while keeping general performance.
DisasterBench is a new multi-stage multimodal reasoning benchmark for UAV disaster response with 14 scenes and 9 tasks; the accompanying 2B DisasterVL model outperforms open-source MLLMs and approaches GPT-4o efficiency.
Future-L1 interleaves latent visual spans with text in MLLM decoding, trained on a custom Future-L1-50K dataset via LA-DAPO RL, and reports SOTA gains on FutureBench (61.0 to 85.4) and TwiFF-Bench (2.44 to 3.04).
Parallel Jacobi Decoding accelerates autoregressive image models 4.8x-6.4x by using 2D spatial draft expansion and adjusted attention masks while keeping generation quality competitive.
MetaPoint represents 2D coordinates as special tokens in visual generative models to enable precise spatial control using existing positional encodings without architectural modifications.
VPE inserts an internal autoregressive visual semantic token generation step to guide image token production in unified models, reporting faster convergence, higher quality, and superior editing preservation (PSNR 26.76 vs 19.92) versus external alternatives.
OctoT2I uses a no-supervision PSEL loop to discover model capability frontiers and route T2I tasks, reaching 0.96 GenEval score with 90.3% speedup over Flow-GRPO.
View Dropout forces reliance on intermediate thinking images in unified multimodal models, with panoramic renderings proving most effective for out-of-domain cross-view spatial reasoning.
VisAnalog is a new controlled benchmark showing VLMs substantially underperform humans on visual concept transfer under one- to four-step deterministic transformations, with relation inference as the main failure mode.
MotiMotion adds visual reasoning via a training-free VLM to refine primary trajectories and hallucinate secondary motions, plus a confidence-aware guidance scheme, yielding more plausible interactions on the new MotiBench benchmark.
AgroTools is a new benchmark for tool-augmented multimodal agents in agriculture featuring 539 QA pairs, 1,097 images, five task families, and 14 tools, with evaluations showing major limitations in current models' tool planning and execution.
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
RankE co-evolves AR policy and decoder via alternating ranking optimization, improving both FID and CLIP scores on LlamaGen-XL and Janus-Pro where policy-only RL degrades FID.
HeadKV compresses KV cache for autoregressive image generation via head-aware budget allocation, early head-type identification from consistent patterns, and stratified token eviction.
ToBAC is the first backdoor attack on unified autoregressive models, using data or model poisoning to make triggers elicit cross-modal malicious behavior in text and image generation.
ImageAttributionBench is a benchmark dataset demonstrating that state-of-the-art image attribution methods lack robustness to image degradation and fail to generalize to semantically disjoint domains.
INSET embeds images as native tokens in interleaved instructions, outperforming prior methods on multi-image consistency and text alignment as complexity grows.
Proposes V2V-Zero, a training-free framework replacing text conditioning with VLM final-layer hidden states from visual pages, achieving 0.85 on GenEval and 32.7/100 on new Simple-V2V Bench across models including video extension.
Uni-AdGen uses a unified autoregressive framework with foreground perception, instruction tuning, and coarse-to-fine preference modules to generate personalized image-text ads from noisy user behaviors, outperforming baselines on a new PAd1M dataset.
UniPath adaptively models coordination-path diversity in unified multimodal models by training a path-conditioned executor and using a lightweight planner for input-dependent selection, improving performance over fixed strategies.
NTM models each generative reverse step as a conditional normalizing flow with a hybrid shallow-deep architecture, enabling exact-likelihood training and strong four-step sampling performance on text-to-image tasks.
citing papers explorer
-
MolSight: Molecular Property Prediction with Images
Vision encoders on single 2D molecular images with a chemistry-informed curriculum achieve top or near-top results on 10 property prediction tasks at 80x lower FLOPs than multi-modal competitors.
-
Cornfigurator: Automated Planning for Any-to-Any Multimodal Model Serving
Cornfigurator is the first automated deployment planner for generic any-to-any multimodal models that explores the full range of colocation-to-disaggregation strategies and delivers 1.12x to 6.32x higher goodput than existing systems or expert plans.
-
Flow-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Models via Online RL
Flow-GRPO is the first online RL method for flow matching models, raising GenEval accuracy from 63% to 95% and text-rendering accuracy from 59% to 92% with little reward hacking.
-
Obliviate: Erasing Concepts from Autoregressive Image Generation Models
Obliviate erases targeted concepts from autoregressive image generators via KL supervision on visual tokens over full trajectories, cutting nudity rates sharply on benchmarks while keeping general performance.
-
DisasterBench: A Multimodal Benchmark for UAV-Based Disaster Response in Complex Environments
DisasterBench is a new multi-stage multimodal reasoning benchmark for UAV disaster response with 14 scenes and 9 tasks; the accompanying 2B DisasterVL model outperforms open-source MLLMs and approaches GPT-4o efficiency.
-
Imagine Before You Predict: Interleaved Latent Visual Reasoning for Video Event Prediction
Future-L1 interleaves latent visual spans with text in MLLM decoding, trained on a custom Future-L1-50K dataset via LA-DAPO RL, and reports SOTA gains on FutureBench (61.0 to 85.4) and TwiFF-Bench (2.44 to 3.04).
-
Parallel Jacobi Decoding for Fast Autoregressive Image Generation
Parallel Jacobi Decoding accelerates autoregressive image models 4.8x-6.4x by using 2D spatial draft expansion and adjusted attention masks while keeping generation quality competitive.
-
MetaPoint: Unlocking Precise Spatial Control in Agentic Visual Generation
MetaPoint represents 2D coordinates as special tokens in visual generative models to enable precise spatial control using existing positional encodings without architectural modifications.
-
Imagine Before You Draw: Visual Prompt Engineering for Image Generation
VPE inserts an internal autoregressive visual semantic token generation step to guide image token production in unified models, reporting faster convergence, higher quality, and superior editing preservation (PSNR 26.76 vs 19.92) versus external alternatives.
-
OctoT2I: A Self-Evolving Agentic Text-to-Image Router
OctoT2I uses a no-supervision PSEL loop to discover model capability frontiers and route T2I tasks, reaching 0.96 GenEval score with 90.3% speedup over Flow-GRPO.
-
How and What to Imagine? Visual Thinking in Unified Multimodal Models for Cross-View Spatial Reasoning
View Dropout forces reliance on intermediate thinking images in unified multimodal models, with panoramic renderings proving most effective for out-of-domain cross-view spatial reasoning.
-
VisAnalog: A Diagnostic Suite for Visual Concept Transfer on Natural Images
VisAnalog is a new controlled benchmark showing VLMs substantially underperform humans on visual concept transfer under one- to four-step deterministic transformations, with relation inference as the main failure mode.
-
MotiMotion: Motion-Controlled Video Generation with Visual Reasoning
MotiMotion adds visual reasoning via a training-free VLM to refine primary trajectories and hallucinate secondary motions, plus a confidence-aware guidance scheme, yielding more plausible interactions on the new MotiBench benchmark.
-
AgroTools: A Benchmark for Tool-Augmented Multimodal Agents in Agriculture
AgroTools is a new benchmark for tool-augmented multimodal agents in agriculture featuring 539 QA pairs, 1,097 images, five task families, and 14 tools, with evaluations showing major limitations in current models' tool planning and execution.
-
Uni-Edit: Intelligent Editing Is A General Task For Unified Model Tuning
Uni-Edit introduces a data synthesis pipeline turning VQA data into reasoning-intensive editing instructions, enabling single-task tuning that boosts all three capabilities in models like BAGEL and Janus-Pro.
-
RankE: End-to-End Post-Training for Discrete Text-to-Image Generation with Decoder Co-Evolution
RankE co-evolves AR policy and decoder via alternating ranking optimization, improving both FID and CLIP scores on LlamaGen-XL and Janus-Pro where policy-only RL degrades FID.
-
Head-Aware Key-Value Compression for Efficient Autoregressive Image Generation
HeadKV compresses KV cache for autoregressive image generation via head-aware budget allocation, early head-type identification from consistent patterns, and stratified token eviction.
-
Token by Token, Compromised: Backdoor Vulnerabilities in Unified Autoregressive Models
ToBAC is the first backdoor attack on unified autoregressive models, using data or model poisoning to make triggers elicit cross-modal malicious behavior in text and image generation.
-
ImageAttributionBench: How Far Are We from Generalizable Attribution?
ImageAttributionBench is a benchmark dataset demonstrating that state-of-the-art image attribution methods lack robustness to image degradation and fail to generalize to semantically disjoint domains.
-
Images in Sentences: Scaling Interleaved Instructions for Unified Visual Generation
INSET embeds images as native tokens in interleaved instructions, outperforming prior methods on multi-image consistency and text alignment as complexity grows.
-
Beyond Text Prompts: Visual-to-Visual Generation as A Unified Paradigm
Proposes V2V-Zero, a training-free framework replacing text conditioning with VLM final-layer hidden states from visual pages, achieving 0.85 on GenEval and 32.7/100 on new Simple-V2V Bench across models including video extension.
-
Design Your Ad: Personalized Advertising Image and Text Generation with Unified Autoregressive Models
Uni-AdGen uses a unified autoregressive framework with foreground perception, instruction tuning, and coarse-to-fine preference modules to generate personalized image-text ads from noisy user behaviors, outperforming baselines on a new PAd1M dataset.
-
UniPath: Adaptive Coordination of Understanding and Generation for Unified Multimodal Reasoning
UniPath adaptively models coordination-path diversity in unified multimodal models by training a path-conditioned executor and using a lightweight planner for input-dependent selection, improving performance over fixed strategies.
-
Normalizing Trajectory Models
NTM models each generative reverse step as a conditional normalizing flow with a hybrid shallow-deep architecture, enabling exact-likelihood training and strong four-step sampling performance on text-to-image tasks.
-
Beyond Accuracy: Benchmarking Cross-Task Consistency in Unified Multimodal Models
XTC-Bench reveals that strong performance on generation or understanding tasks in unified multimodal models does not guarantee cross-task semantic consistency, which instead depends on how tightly coupled the learning objectives are across modalities.
-
Probing Visual Planning in Image Editing Models
Image editing models fail zero-shot visual planning on abstract mazes and queen puzzles but generalize after finetuning, yet still cannot match human zero-shot efficiency.
-
Exploring Spatial Intelligence from a Generative Perspective
Fine-tuning multimodal models on a new synthetic spatial benchmark improves generative spatial compliance on real and synthetic tasks and transfers to better spatial understanding.
-
Unveiling Fine-Grained Visual Traces: Evaluating Multimodal Interleaved Reasoning Chains in Multimodal STEM Tasks
StepSTEM benchmark and dynamic-programming step alignment show top MLLMs achieve only 38.29% accuracy on graduate STEM tasks requiring interleaved cross-modal reasoning.
-
Co-generation of Layout and Shape from Text via Autoregressive 3D Diffusion
3D-ARD+ unifies autoregressive token prediction with diffusion-based 3D latent generation to co-produce indoor scene layouts and object geometries that follow complex text-specified spatial and semantic constraints.
-
Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models
Unified multimodal models exhibit pseudo-unification due to modality-asymmetric entropy encoding and pattern-split responses between text and image generation.
-
Learning Vision-Language-Action World Models for Autonomous Driving
VLA-World improves autonomous driving by using action-guided future image generation followed by reflective reasoning over the imagined scene to refine trajectories.
-
PlanViz: Evaluating Planning-Oriented Image Generation and Editing for Computer-Use Tasks
PlanViz is a new benchmark with three sub-tasks and PlanScore metric to evaluate planning-oriented image generation and editing by unified multimodal models for computer-use tasks.
-
A Unified and Controllable Framework for Layered Image Generation with Visual Effects
LASAGNA produces layered images with integrated visual effects in a single pass, enabling drift-free edits via alpha compositing while releasing a 48K dataset and a 242-sample benchmark.
-
Beyond Patches: Global-aware Autoregressive Model for Multimodal Few-Shot Font Generation
GAR-Font is a global-aware autoregressive framework for multimodal few-shot font generation that adds global tokenization, a language-style adapter, and post-refinement to improve style coherence over patch-based methods.
-
dMLLM-TTS: Self-Verified and Efficient Test-Time Scaling for Diffusion Multi-Modal Large Language Models
dMLLM-TTS delivers up to 6x more efficient test-time scaling for diffusion MLLMs via O(N+T) hierarchical search and self-verified feedback, improving generation quality on GenEval across three models.
-
AIA: Rethinking Architecture Decoupling Strategy In Unified Multimodal Model
AIA loss teaches unified multimodal models task-specific cross-modal attention patterns to reduce conflicts between image understanding and generation without architecture decoupling.
-
Discrete Guidance Matching: Exact Guidance for Discrete Flow Matching
Derives exact guidance transition rates for discrete flow matching models that require only one model evaluation per sampling step and unify prior approximation-based methods.
-
Transfer between Modalities with MetaQueries
MetaQueries act as an efficient bridge allowing multimodal LLMs to augment diffusion-based image generation and editing without complex training or unfreezing the LLM backbone.
-
S$^4$ST: A Strong, Self-transferable, faSt, and Simple Scale Transformation for Transferable Targeted Attack
S⁴ST shows that dimensionally consistent scaling with low-redundancy complementary transforms achieves state-of-the-art data-free transferable targeted attacks by exploiting visual data's multi-scale nature.
-
UniTac: A Unified Multimodal Model for Cross-Sensor Tactile Understanding and Generation
UniTac is the first unified multimodal model for cross-sensor tactile understanding and generation, using dual-level representations, two new understanding tasks, and a two-stage training paradigm with sensor-prior sampling to achieve SOTA understanding and realistic cross-sensor generation.
-
SciIR: A Large-scale Training Dataset and Benchmark for Scientific Image Reasoning Generation
Introduces SciIR-82k dataset and SciIR-Bench for scientific image reasoning generation organized by Peirce's semiotic triad, with fine-tuning raising model score from 35% to 43%.
-
Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion-Image: Advancing Masked Discrete Diffusion for High-Resolution Image Synthesis
A masked discrete diffusion model adds token editing at inference and grouped cross-entropy training to reach 0.90 GenEval, 86.9 DPG, and 10.76 HPSv3 scores.
-
Mural: Transferring LLM knowledge to image generation via Mixture-of-Transformers
Mural transfers knowledge from a frozen LLM to text-to-image synthesis via MoT shared attention, achieving 0.85 GenEval, 86.75 DPG-Bench, and 0.66 WISE while exhibiting emergent behaviors without multimodal or reasoning supervision.
-
COMPASS: Grounding Composition-Intent Guidance in Unified Multimodal Models
COMPASS is a unified multimodal framework using a shared expert token τ_c to ground composition-intent for both perception and generation, backed by the new Comp-11 dataset.
-
When AI Reviews Its Own Code: Recursive Self-Training Collapse in Code LLMs
Experiments across code LLMs show no-review collapses fastest, human-gated filters slow collapse, and AI self-gates lose effect over time, degenerating to ungated self-training under self-confirming acceptance as proven via gated distributional reweighting and spectral analysis.
-
Qwen-Image-Agent: Bridging the Context Gap in Real-World Image Generation
Qwen-Image-Agent is a unified agent framework that progressively builds sufficient generation context for T2I models via Context-Aware Planning and Context Grounding, achieving SOTA on IA-Bench, Mindbench, and WISE-Verified.
-
Knowledge Distillation for Visual Autoregressive Models
VarKD is a distillation framework for visual AR models that uses student samples and selective teacher supervision to reduce token ambiguity, outperforming prior baselines on ImageNet.
-
Imaginative Perception Tokens Enhance Spatial Reasoning in Multimodal Language Models
IPT supervision improves spatial reasoning in VLMs on perspective taking, path tracing, and multiview counting tasks, often outperforming textual chain-of-thought while remaining consistent with observed inputs.
-
TIGER: Traceable Inference with Graph-Based Evidence Routing for Mitigating Hallucinations in Multimodal Generation
TIGER builds observation and claim graphs to compute per-fact risk scores and performs localized repair, reducing unsupported content across image-to-text, audio-to-text, and video-to-text tasks while preserving output quality.
-
Representation Forcing for Bottleneck-Free Unified Multimodal Models
Representation Forcing enables end-to-end pixel-space unified multimodal models by making visual representation prediction a native autoregressive generation target that guides subsequent pixel diffusion in the same backbone.