PBH dark matter spans all naturalness tiers, with some mechanisms as natural as WIMPs or freeze-in particles, determined by abundance map structure rather than candidate type.
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Supersymmetric Dark Matter
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abstract
There is almost universal agreement among astronomers that most of the mass in the Universe and most of the mass in the Galactic halo is dark. Many lines of reasoning suggest that the dark matter consists of some new, as yet undiscovered, weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP). There is now a vast experimental effort being surmounted to detect WIMPS in the halo. The most promising techniques involve direct detection in low-background laboratory detectors and indirect detection through observation of energetic neutrinos from annihilation of WIMPs that have accumulated in the Sun and/or the Earth. Of the many WIMP candidates, perhaps the best motivated and certainly the most theoretically developed is the neutralino, the lightest superpartner in many supersymmetric theories. We review the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model and discuss prospects for detection of neutralino dark matter. We review in detail how to calculate the cosmological abundance of the neutralino and the event rates for both direct- and indirect-detection schemes, and we discuss astrophysical and laboratory constraints on supersymmetric models. We isolate and clarify the uncertainties from particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics that enter at each step in the calculation. We briefly review other related dark-matter candidates and detection techniques.
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UNVERDICTED 33representative citing papers
Paleo-detectors can achieve high sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter boosted by cosmic rays and supernovae, covering previously inaccessible parameter space with orders of magnitude better reach than current experiments.
A nonholomorphic T' modular model realizes the T4-2-i one-loop topology for radiative Majorana neutrino masses, forbids tree-level seesaws via modular assignments, stabilizes DM with residual Z2, and fits oscillation data plus DM constraints for both hierarchies with fermionic DM.
A double right-handed U(1) gauge extension generates the Standard Model fermion mass hierarchy at tree and loop levels and stabilizes a viable scalar singlet dark matter particle consistent with relic density and direct detection bounds.
Temperature-dependent DM couplings mediated by a scalar field's VEV that drops after a first-order phase transition allow sufficient early-universe annihilations for the observed relic density while evading current direct detection bounds.
Novel multilepton signatures from Higgs decays to a light pseudoscalar decaying to e-mu pairs in type-III 2HDM can set stronger limits on LFV couplings than low-energy experiments.
Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
A regression model reconstructs the key parameter r_inv for semi-visible jets at higher precision than prior analytical methods and may unify s- and t-channel production searches.
Finite size of puffy dark matter is identified as a fundamental factor affecting Sommerfeld enhancement, characterized via two dimensionless parameters, with nugget-type DM showing resonant behavior akin to point-like particles.
Lyman-alpha forest data yield m_FDM > 1.9e-21 eV (95% CL) for pure FDM and f_FDM upper limits of 0.07-0.65 for mixed FDM at log10(m_FDM/eV) = -23 to -21.
Constraints on sub-GeV inelastic dark matter are derived from cosmic-ray cooling in NGC 1068 by including elastic and deep inelastic scattering in a vector-portal model.
Bose-Einstein condensate formation in neutron stars enhances dark matter annihilation by 10^15-10^20, allowing freeze-in models to produce observable heating and probe neutrino-fog scattering cross-sections.
Dark matter cores heat baryonic matter in evolving proto-neutron stars by deepening the gravitational potential while halos cool it, providing a diagnostic distinct from hyperons.
Systematic study of scalar and vector ULDM interactions on long-baseline neutrino oscillations finds order-of-magnitude weaker constraints for m_φ ≲ 10^{-17} eV due to stochastic effects, with combined T2K+NOvA data showing no alleviation of δ_CP discrepancy.
Fermi LAT data on mini-spikes around stellar-mass black holes rules out substantial regions of Inert Doublet Model dark matter parameter space, especially at multi-TeV masses.
A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.
Simulations of solar CEvNS events produce annually varying ring-like 3D recoil distributions in directional detectors that lack target dependence and contrast with fixed WIMP signals.
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
Low-reheating-temperature freeze-in of SU(2) vector dark matter yields three stable degenerate states and enlarges the viable parameter space relative to abelian models, with part already constrained by PandaX-4T and LZ.
Bayesian comparison of Gaia DR3 rotation curves favors the Einasto dark matter profile over NFW, prefers cored over cuspy profiles, and finds MOND variants provide poorer fits than the best dark matter models.
Variations in pre-nucleosynthesis cosmology produce distinct seasons in the phase-space distribution of freeze-in dark matter, directly affecting its warmness and mass bounds.
citing papers explorer
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Probing Cosmic-Ray-Boosted and Supernova-Sourced Sub-GeV Dark Matter with Paleo-Detectors
Paleo-detectors can achieve high sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter boosted by cosmic rays and supernovae, covering previously inaccessible parameter space with orders of magnitude better reach than current experiments.
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Axial Quasi-normal Modes of Admixed Neutron Stars
Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
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Caught in the Cosmic Web: Environmental Impacts on the Halo Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation Signals
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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How Invisible: Regressing The Key Model Parameter for Semi-visible Jet Searches
A regression model reconstructs the key parameter r_inv for semi-visible jets at higher precision than prior analytical methods and may unify s- and t-channel production searches.
-
Probing the Inert Doublet Dark Matter with Stellar-Mass Black Hole Mini-Spikes
Fermi LAT data on mini-spikes around stellar-mass black holes rules out substantial regions of Inert Doublet Model dark matter parameter space, especially at multi-TeV masses.
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Cosmic-Ray Signatures of Annihilating and Semi-Annihilating Dark Matter via One-Step Cascades
A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
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Cosmological Viability of Exponential Infrared $f(T)$ Gravity
Exponential IR f(T) gravity Model I alleviates Hubble tension but is disfavoured by combined Planck/ACT/SPT+DESI+Pantheon+ data; Model II is ruled out because background constraints force unphysical shifts in CMB parameters.
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
CMB data limits the s-wave annihilation cross section of thermal dark matter particles to ≲ 10^{-30} cm³/s scaled by PBH fraction and mass for PBHs heavier than ~10^{-10} solar masses.
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Probing inelastic sub-GeV dark matter at the DUNE near detector
DUNE's ND-LAr can probe sub-GeV inelastic dark matter parameter space consistent with relic abundance via dark Higgs-mediated annihilation, especially at large dark photon-to-DM mass ratios.