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arxiv: 1912.11716 · v2 · submitted 2019-12-25 · 🌀 gr-qc · astro-ph.IM

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration: R. Abbott , T. D. Abbott , S. Abraham , F. Acernese , K. Ackley , C. Adams , R. X. Adhikari
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V. B. Adya C. Affeldt M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar A. Aich L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi S. Antier S. Appert K. Arai M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Ar\`ene N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun S. Ascenzi G. Ashton S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin V. Avendano S. Babak P. Bacon F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae A. M. Baer J. Baird F. Baldaccini G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker K. Barkett P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley M. Bazzan B. B\'ecsy M. Bejger I. Belahcene A. S. Bell D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin J. D. Bentley F. Bergamin B. K. Berger G. Bergmann S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari J. Bidler E. Biggs I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht G. Bissenbayeva M. Bitossi M. A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer Y. Boetzel G. Bogaert F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi S. Bose V. Bossilkov J. Bosveld Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs F. Brighenti A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno D. Buskulic R. L. Byer M. Cabero L. Cadonati G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane J. Calder\'on Bustillo J. D. Callaghan T. A. Callister E. Calloni J. B. Camp M. Canepa K. C. Cannon H. Cao J. Cao G. Carapella F. Carbognani S. Caride M. F. Carney G. Carullo J. Casanueva Diaz C. Casentini J. Casta\~neda S. Caudill M. Cavagli\`a F. Cavalier R. Cavalieri G. Cella P. Cerd\'a-Dur\'an E. Cesarini O. Chaibi K. Chakravarti C. Chan M. Chan S. Chao P. Charlton E. A. Chase E. Chassande-Mottin D. Chatterjee M. Chaturvedi H. Y. Chen X. Chen Y. Chen H.-P. Cheng C. K. Cheong H. Y. Chia F. Chiadini R. Chierici A. Chincarini A. Chiummo G. Cho H. S. Cho M. Cho N. Christensen Q. Chu S. Chua K. W. Chung S. Chung G. Ciani P. Ciecielag M. Cie{\'s}lar A. A. Ciobanu R. Ciolfi F. Cipriano A. Cirone F. Clara J. A. Clark P. Clearwater S. Clesse F. Cleva E. Coccia P.-F. Cohadon D. Cohen M. Colleoni C. G. Collette C. Collins M. Colpi M. Constancio Jr. L. Conti S. J. Cooper P. Corban T. R. Corbitt I. Cordero-Carri\'on S. Corezzi K. R. Corley N. Cornish D. Corre A. Corsi S. Cortese C. A. Costa R. Cotesta M. W. Coughlin S. B. Coughlin J.-P. Coulon S. T. Countryman P. Couvares P. B. Covas D. M. Coward M. J. Cowart D. C. Coyne R. Coyne J. D. E. Creighton T. D. Creighton J. Cripe M. Croquette S. G. Crowder J.-R. Cudell T. J. Cullen A. Cumming R. Cummings L. Cunningham E. Cuoco M. Curylo T. Dal Canton G. D\'alya A. Dana L. M. Daneshgaran-Bajastani B. D'Angelo S. L. Danilishin S. D'Antonio K. Danzmann C. Darsow-Fromm A. Dasgupta L. E. H. Datrier V. Dattilo I. Dave M. Davier G. S. Davies D. Davis E. J. Daw D. DeBra M. Deenadayalan J. Degallaix M. De Laurentis S. Del\'eglise M. Delfavero N. De Lillo W. Del Pozzo L. M. DeMarchi V. D'Emilio N. Demos T. Dent R. De Pietri R. De Rosa C. De Rossi R. DeSalvo O. de Varona S. Dhurandhar M. C. D\'iaz M. Diaz-Ortiz Jr. T. Dietrich L. Di Fiore C. Di Fronzo C. Di Giorgio F. Di Giovanni M. Di Giovanni T. Di Girolamo A. Di Lieto B. Ding S. Di Pace I. Di Palma F. Di Renzo A. K. Divakarla A. Dmitriev Z. Doctor F. Donovan K. L. Dooley S. Doravari I. Dorrington T. P. Downes M. Drago J. C. Driggers Z. Du J.-G. Ducoin P. Dupej O. Durante D. D'Urso S. E. Dwyer P. J. Easter G. Eddolls B. Edelman T. B. Edo O. Edy A. Effler P. Ehrens J. Eichholz S. S. Eikenberry M. Eisenmann R. A. Eisenstein A. Ejlli L. Errico R. C. Essick H. Estelles D. Estevez Z. B. Etienne T. Etzel M. Evans T. M. Evans B. E. Ewing V. Fafone S. Fairhurst X. Fan S. Farinon B. Farr W. M. Farr E. J. Fauchon-Jones M. Favata M. Fays M. Fazio J. Feicht M. M. Fejer F. Feng E. Fenyvesi D. L. Ferguson A. Fernandez-Galiana I. Ferrante E. C. Ferreira T. A. Ferreira F. Fidecaro I. Fiori D. Fiorucci M. Fishbach R. P. Fisher R. Fittipaldi M. Fitz-Axen V. Fiumara R. Flaminio E. Floden E. Flynn H. Fong J. A. Font P. W. F. Forsyth J.-D. Fournier S. Frasca F. Frasconi Z. Frei A. Freise R. Frey V. Frey P. Fritschel V. V. Frolov G. Fronz\`e P. Fulda M. Fyffe H. A. Gabbard B. U. Gadre S. M. Gaebel J. R. Gair S. Galaudage D. Ganapathy S. G. Gaonkar C. Garc\'ia-Quir\'os F. Garufi B. Gateley S. Gaudio V. Gayathri G. Gemme E. Genin A. Gennai D. George J. George L. Gergely S. Ghonge Abhirup Ghosh Archisman Ghosh S. Ghosh B. Giacomazzo J. A. Giaime K. D. Giardina D. R. Gibson C. Gier K. Gill J. Glanzer J. Gniesmer P. Godwin E. Goetz R. Goetz N. Gohlke B. Goncharov G. Gonz\'alez A. Gopakumar S. E. Gossan M. Gosselin R. Gouaty B. Grace A. Grado M. Granata A. Grant S. Gras P. Grassia C. Gray R. Gray G. Greco A. C. Green R. Green E. M. Gretarsson H. L. Griggs G. Grignani A. Grimaldi S. J. Grimm H. Grote S. Grunewald P. Gruning G. M. Guidi A. R. Guimaraes G. Guix\'e H. K. Gulati Y. Guo A. Gupta Anchal Gupta P. Gupta E. K. Gustafson R. Gustafson L. Haegel O. Halim E. D. Hall E. Z. Hamilton G. Hammond M. Haney M. M. Hanke J. Hanks C. Hanna M. D. Hannam O. A. Hannuksela T. J. Hansen J. Hanson T. Harder T. Hardwick K. Haris J. Harms G. M. Harry I. W. Harry R. K. Hasskew C.-J. Haster K. Haughian F. J. Hayes J. Healy A. Heidmann M. C. Heintze J. Heinze H. Heitmann F. Hellman P. Hello G. Hemming M. Hendry I. S. Heng E. Hennes J. Hennig M. Heurs S. Hild T. Hinderer S. Y. Hoback S. Hochheim E. Hofgard D. Hofman A. M. Holgado N. A. Holland K. Holt D. E. Holz P. Hopkins C. Horst J. Hough E. J. Howell C. G. Hoy Y. Huang M. T. H\"ubner E. A. Huerta D. Huet B. Hughey V. Hui S. Husa S. H. Huttner R. Huxford T. Huynh-Dinh B. Idzkowski A. Iess H. Inchauspe C. Ingram G. Intini J.-M. Isac M. Isi B. R. Iyer T. Jacqmin S. J. Jadhav S. P. Jadhav A. L. James K. Jani N. N. Janthalur P. Jaranowski D. Jariwala R. Jaume A. C. Jenkins J. Jiang G. R. Johns A. W. Jones D. I. Jones J. D. Jones P. Jones R. Jones R. J. G. Jonker L. Ju J. Junker C. V. Kalaghatgi V. Kalogera B. Kamai S. Kandhasamy G. Kang J. B. Kanner S. J. Kapadia S. Karki R. Kashyap M. Kasprzack W. Kastaun S. Katsanevas E. Katsavounidis W. Katzman S. Kaufer K. Kawabe F. K\'ef\'elian D. Keitel A. Keivani R. Kennedy J. S. Key S. Khadka F. Y. Khalili I. Khan S. Khan Z. A. Khan E. A. Khazanov N. Khetan M. Khursheed N. Kijbunchoo Chunglee Kim G. J. Kim J. C. Kim K. Kim W. Kim W. S. Kim Y.-M. Kim C. Kimball P. J. King M. Kinley-Hanlon R. Kirchhoff J. S. Kissel L. Kleybolte S. Klimenko T. D. Knowles P. Koch S. M. Koehlenbeck G. Koekoek S. Koley V. Kondrashov A. Kontos N. Koper M. Korobko W. Z. Korth M. Kovalam D. B. Kozak V. Kringel N. V. Krishnendu A. Kr\'olak N. Krupinski G. Kuehn A. Kumar P. Kumar Rahul Kumar Rakesh Kumar S. Kumar L. Kuo A. Kutynia B. D. Lackey D. Laghi E. Lalande T. L. Lam A. Lamberts M. Landry B. B. Lane R. N. Lang J. Lange B. Lantz R. K. Lanza I. La Rosa A. Lartaux-Vollard P. D. Lasky M. Laxen A. Lazzarini C. Lazzaro P. Leaci S. Leavey Y. K. Lecoeuche C. H. Lee H. M. Lee H. W. Lee J. Lee K. Lee J. Lehmann N. Leroy N. Letendre Y. Levin A. K. Y. Li J. Li K. li T. G. F. Li X. Li F. Linde S. D. Linker J. N. Linley T. B. Littenberg J. Liu X. Liu M. Llorens-Monteagudo R. K. L. Lo A. Lockwood L. T. London A. Longo M. Lorenzini V. Loriette M. Lormand G. Losurdo J. D. Lough C. O. Lousto G. Lovelace H. L\"uck D. Lumaca A. P. Lundgren Y. Ma R. Macas S. Macfoy M. MacInnis D. M. Macleod I. A. O. MacMillan A. Macquet I. Maga\~na Hernandez F. Maga\~na-Sandoval R. M. Magee E. Majorana I. Maksimovic A. Malik N. Man V. Mandic V. Mangano G. L. Mansell M. Manske M. Mantovani M. Mapelli F. Marchesoni F. Marion S. M\'arka Z. M\'arka C. Markakis A. S. Markosyan A. Markowitz E. Maros A. Marquina S. Marsat F. Martelli I. W. Martin R. M. Martin V. Martinez D. V. Martynov H. Masalehdan K. Mason E. Massera A. Masserot T. J. Massinger M. Masso-Reid S. Mastrogiovanni A. Matas F. Matichard N. Mavalvala E. Maynard J. J. McCann R. McCarthy D. E. McClelland S. McCormick L. McCuller S. C. McGuire C. McIsaac J. McIver D. J. McManus T. McRae S. T. McWilliams D. Meacher G. D. Meadors M. Mehmet A. K. Mehta E. Mejuto Villa A. Melatos G. Mendell R. A. Mercer L. Mereni K. Merfeld E. L. Merilh J. D. Merritt M. Merzougui S. Meshkov C. Messenger C. Messick R. Metzdorff P. M. Meyers F. Meylahn A. Mhaske A. Miani H. Miao I. Michaloliakos C. Michel H. Middleton L. Milano A. L. Miller M. Millhouse J. C. Mills E. Milotti M. C. Milovich-Goff O. Minazzoli Y. Minenkov A. Mishkin C. Mishra T. Mistry S. Mitra V. P. Mitrofanov G. Mitselmakher R. Mittleman G. Mo K. Mogushi S. R. P. Mohapatra S. R. Mohite M. Molina-Ruiz M. Mondin M. Montani C. J. Moore D. Moraru F. Morawski G. Moreno S. Morisaki B. Mours C. M. Mow-Lowry S. Mozzon F. Muciaccia Arunava Mukherjee D. Mukherjee S. Mukherjee Subroto Mukherjee N. Mukund A. Mullavey J. Munch E. A. Mu\~niz P. G. Murray A. Nagar I. Nardecchia L. Naticchioni R. K. Nayak B. F. Neil J. Neilson G. Nelemans T. J. N. Nelson M. Nery A. Neunzert K. Y. Ng S. Ng C. Nguyen P. Nguyen D. Nichols S. A. Nichols S. Nissanke F. Nocera M. Noh C. North D. Nothard L. K. Nuttall J. Oberling B. D. O'Brien G. Oganesyan G. H. Ogin J. J. Oh S. H. Oh F. Ohme H. Ohta M. A. Okada M. Oliver C. Olivetto P. Oppermann Richard J. Oram B. O'Reilly R. G. Ormiston L. F. Ortega R. O'Shaughnessy S. Ossokine C. Osthelder D. J. Ottaway H. Overmier B. J. Owen A. E. Pace G. Pagano M. A. Page G. Pagliaroli A. Pai S. A. Pai J. R. Palamos O. Palashov C. Palomba H. Pan P. K. Panda P. T. H. Pang C. Pankow F. Pannarale B. C. Pant F. Paoletti A. Paoli A. Parida W. Parker D. Pascucci A. Pasqualetti R. Passaquieti D. Passuello B. Patricelli E. Payne B. L. Pearlstone T. C. Pechsiri A. J. Pedersen M. Pedraza A. Pele S. Penn A. Perego C. J. Perez C. P\'erigois A. Perreca S. Perri\`es J. Petermann H. P. Pfeiffer M. Phelps K. S. Phukon O. J. Piccinni M. Pichot M. Piendibene F. Piergiovanni V. Pierro G. Pillant L. Pinard I. M. Pinto K. Piotrzkowski M. Pirello M. Pitkin W. Plastino R. Poggiani D. Y. T. Pong S. Ponrathnam P. Popolizio E. K. Porter J. Powell A. K. Prajapati K. Prasai R. Prasanna G. Pratten T. Prestegard M. Principe G. A. Prodi L. Prokhorov M. Punturo P. Puppo M. P\"urrer H. Qi V. Quetschke P. J. Quinonez F. J. Raab G. Raaijmakers H. Radkins N. Radulesco P. Raffai H. Rafferty S. Raja C. Rajan B. Rajbhandari M. Rakhmanov K. E. Ramirez A. Ramos-Buades Javed Rana K. Rao P. Rapagnani V. Raymond M. Razzano J. Read T. Regimbau L. Rei S. Reid D. H. Reitze P. Rettegno F. Ricci C. J. Richardson J. W. Richardson P. M. Ricker G. Riemenschneider K. Riles M. Rizzo N. A. Robertson F. Robinet A. Rocchi R. D. Rodriguez-Soto L. Rolland J. G. Rollins V. J. Roma M. Romanelli R. Romano C. L. Romel I. M. Romero-Shaw J. H. Romie C. A. Rose D. Rose K. Rose D. Rosi\'nska S. G. Rosofsky M. P. Ross S. Rowan S. J. Rowlinson P. K. Roy Santosh Roy Soumen Roy P. Ruggi G. Rutins K. Ryan S. Sachdev T. Sadecki M. Sakellariadou O. S. Salafia L. Salconi M. Saleem A. Samajdar E. J. Sanchez L. E. Sanchez N. Sanchis-Gual J. R. Sanders K. A. Santiago E. Santos N. Sarin B. Sassolas B. S. Sathyaprakash O. Sauter R. L. Savage V. Savant D. Sawant S. Sayah D. Schaetzl P. Schale M. Scheel J. Scheuer P. Schmidt R. Schnabel R. M. S. Schofield A. Sch\"onbeck E. Schreiber B. W. Schulte B. F. Schutz O. Schwarm E. Schwartz J. Scott S. M. Scott E. Seidel D. Sellers A. S. Sengupta N. Sennett D. Sentenac V. Sequino A. Sergeev Y. Setyawati D. A. Shaddock T. Shaffer M. S. Shahriar A. Sharma P. Sharma P. Shawhan H. Shen M. Shikauchi R. Shink D. H. Shoemaker D. M. Shoemaker K. Shukla S. ShyamSundar K. Siellez M. Sieniawska D. Sigg L. P. Singer D. Singh N. Singh A. Singha A. Singhal A. M. Sintes V. Sipala V. Skliris B. J. J. Slagmolen T. J. Slaven-Blair J. Smetana J. R. Smith R. J. E. Smith S. Somala E. J. Son S. Soni B. Sorazu V. Sordini F. Sorrentino T. Souradeep E. Sowell A. P. Spencer M. Spera A. K. Srivastava V. Srivastava K. Staats C. Stachie M. Standke D. A. Steer M. Steinke J. Steinlechner S. Steinlechner D. Steinmeyer D. Stocks D. J. Stops M. Stover K. A. Strain G. Stratta A. Strunk R. Sturani A. L. Stuver S. Sudhagar V. Sudhir T. Z. Summerscales L. Sun S. Sunil A. Sur J. Suresh P. J. Sutton B. L. Swinkels M. J. Szczepa\'nczyk M. Tacca S. C. Tait C. Talbot A. J. Tanasijczuk D. B. Tanner D. Tao M. T\'apai A. Tapia E. N. Tapia San Martin J. D. Tasson R. Taylor R. Tenorio L. Terkowski M. P. Thirugnanasambandam M. Thomas P. Thomas J. E. Thompson S. R. Thondapu K. A. Thorne E. Thrane C. L. Tinsman T. R. Saravanan Shubhanshu Tiwari S. Tiwari V. Tiwari K. Toland M. Tonelli Z. Tornasi A. Torres-Forn\'e C. I. Torrie I. Tosta e Melo D. T\"oyr\"a E. A. Trail F. Travasso G. Traylor M. C. Tringali A. Tripathee A. Trovato R. J. Trudeau K. W. Tsang M. Tse R. Tso L. Tsukada D. Tsuna T. Tsutsui M. Turconi A. S. Ubhi K. Ueno D. Ugolini C. S. Unnikrishnan A. L. Urban S. A. Usman A. C. Utina H. Vahlbruch G. Vajente G. Valdes M. Valentini M. Vallisneri N. van Bakel M. van Beuzekom J. F. J. van den Brand C. Van Den Broeck D. C. Vander-Hyde L. van der Schaaf J. V. Van Heijningen A. A. van Veggel M. Vardaro V. Varma S. Vass M. Vas\'uth A. Vecchio G. Vedovato J. Veitch P. J. Veitch K. Venkateswara G. Venugopalan D. Verkindt D. Veske F. Vetrano A. Vicer\'e A. D. Viets S. Vinciguerra D. J. Vine J.-Y. Vinet S. Vitale Francisco Hernandez Vivanco T. Vo H. Vocca C. Vorvick S. P. Vyatchanin A. R. Wade L. E. Wade M. Wade R. Walet M. Walker G. S. Wallace L. Wallace S. Walsh J. Z. Wang S. Wang W. H. Wang Y. F. Wang R. L. Ward Z. A. Warden J. Warner M. Was J. Watchi B. Weaver L.-W. Wei M. Weinert A. J. Weinstein R. Weiss F. Wellmann L. Wen P. We{\ss}els J. W. Westhouse K. Wette J. T. Whelan B. F. Whiting C. Whittle D. M. Wilken D. Williams R. D. Williams J. L. Willis B. Willke W. Winkler C. C. Wipf H. Wittel G. Woan J. Woehler J. K. Wofford C. Wong J. L. Wright D. S. Wu D. M. Wysocki L. Xiao H. Yamamoto L. Yang Y. Yang Z. Yang M. J. Yap M. Yazback D. W. Yeeles Hang Yu Haocun Yu S. H. R. Yuen A. K. Zadro\.zny A. Zadro\.zny M. Zanolin T. Zelenova J.-P. Zendri M. Zevin J. Zhang L. Zhang T. Zhang C. Zhao G. Zhao M. Zhou Z. Zhou X. J. Zhu A. B. Zimmerman M. E. Zucker J. Zweizig
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 12:16 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌀 gr-qc astro-ph.IM
keywords gravitational wavesLIGOVirgoopen dataobserving runsstrain datadata release
0
0 comments X

The pith

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo release their gravitational-wave strain data from the first and second observing runs for public access.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper describes the data collected by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during their initial two observing runs. It focuses on making the raw strain measurements available as time series. These data are hosted at the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center along with quality flags and supporting materials. External scientists can now examine the signals that led to detections of merging black holes and other events. This release extends the reach of gravitational-wave astronomy beyond the original collaboration.

Core claim

The gravitational-wave strain arrays recorded during the first and second observing runs are released as 16384 Hz sampled time series, freely accessible via gw-openscience.org together with data-quality information, documentation, tutorials, and software to enable analysis by the broader community.

What carries the argument

The gravitational-wave strain time series at 16384 Hz sampling rate, which records the detector responses to passing waves and forms the basis for all subsequent scientific analysis.

If this is right

  • Independent researchers can now analyze the data to search for additional signals or verify existing ones.
  • Data-quality information allows users to identify and exclude periods affected by noise or detector issues.
  • Provided tutorials and software lower the barrier for new groups to work with the data.
  • Future observing runs are expected to follow the same open-data policy.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Broader access may accelerate discoveries in multi-messenger astronomy by combining with other datasets.
  • Students and educators could use the data for hands-on projects on gravitational waves.
  • Long-term archiving ensures the data remains available for re-analysis with improved methods.

Load-bearing premise

The accompanying data-quality information is complete and accurate enough that outside users can perform reliable scientific analyses without needing extra proprietary information from the collaboration.

What would settle it

If an external team uses the public data to detect a new gravitational-wave event that the collaboration missed or to reproduce a published event with matching parameters, that would confirm the data's usability; inability to do so due to incomplete quality flags would falsify the assumption.

read the original abstract

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are actively monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are the gravitational-wave strain arrays, released as time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript describes the public release of gravitational-wave strain data recorded by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo during their first and second observing runs (O1 and O2). The primary data products are strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz; these, together with data-quality information, documentation, tutorials, and software, are made freely available through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org.

Significance. The release of calibrated strain data and associated quality flags from the runs that produced the first gravitational-wave detections is a substantial service to the community. It enables independent verification, re-analysis, educational use, and new science by researchers outside the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. Explicit provision of documentation and software further lowers the barrier to entry and supports reproducibility.

minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract and §2] The abstract and introduction state that the released data-quality information is 'essential' for analysis, but the manuscript does not include a quantitative assessment of how complete the flags are relative to internal collaboration products (e.g., a table comparing the number of segments or veto categories). A brief statement or reference to an external validation would strengthen the claim.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of the manuscript and for recommending acceptance. We appreciate the recognition that releasing the calibrated strain data and associated documentation from O1 and O2 constitutes a substantial service to the broader scientific community.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: purely descriptive data release

full rationale

This paper is a factual announcement of the public release of LIGO/Virgo strain time-series data sampled at 16384 Hz, together with quality flags and documentation, accessible via the GWOSC repository. It contains no equations, derivations, quantitative predictions, or load-bearing claims that could reduce to self-referential inputs, fitted parameters, or self-citation chains. The text simply describes an existing public resource and its access method; no inference or derivation is attempted that would require internal consistency checks of the kind that could produce circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a data-release paper with almost no modeling content. It rests on the established operation of the detectors rather than introducing new parameters or entities.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo operated and recorded data as described in prior instrument papers during O1 and O2.
    The paper assumes the validity and calibration of the detector outputs without re-deriving them.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 12740 in / 1288 out tokens · 72060 ms · 2026-05-18T12:16:21.170444+00:00 · methodology

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Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

  • IndisputableMonolith/Foundation/DimensionForcing.lean dimension_forced unclear
    ?
    unclear

    Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

    The main data products are the gravitational-wave strain arrays, released as time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.

What do these tags mean?
matches
The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports
The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends
The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses
The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts
The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear
Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

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