REVIEW 2 minor 60 cited by
Simple extensions to shower algorithms let Monte Carlo programs include NLO QCD corrections to the hardest emission without negative event weights.
Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →
T0 review · grok-4.3
2026-05-10 21:55 UTC pith:MGVKX2GT
load-bearing objection Nason's POWHEG construction matches NLO matrix elements to showers by generating the hardest emission from the NLO result with a modified Sudakov that subtracts the shower approximation, yielding positive weights and exact NLO inclusives.
A New Method for Combining NLO QCD with Shower Monte Carlo Algorithms
The pith
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
With simple extensions of the shower algorithms in Monte Carlo programs, one can implement NLO corrections to the hardest emission that overcome the problems of negative weighted events found in previous implementations. Simple variants of the same method can be used for an improved treatment of matrix element corrections in Shower Monte Carlo programs.
What carries the argument
The extended shower algorithm that applies NLO matrix-element information to the hardest emission by adjusting the veto and weighting steps already present in the Monte Carlo.
Load-bearing premise
That modest adjustments to existing shower algorithms can embed NLO corrections for the hardest emission without creating new inconsistencies or demanding large additional machinery.
What would settle it
A concrete test case in which the proposed extensions still produce negative weights or fail to match known NLO results for the hardest emission would falsify the claim.
If this is right
- NLO-accurate predictions for hard processes become available in standard Monte Carlo event generators while preserving positive event weights.
- The hardest emission receives the correct NLO treatment, improving the modeling of high-pT jets and associated observables.
- Matrix-element corrections can be incorporated more consistently by using the same extended shower framework.
- Existing Monte Carlo codes require only limited modifications rather than complete rewrites to reach NLO matching.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- The approach may simplify the generation of large event samples for collider phenomenology by eliminating the overhead of negative-weight rejection.
- Further variants could test whether the same logic extends to higher jet multiplicities or to processes with multiple hard scales.
- The method provides a practical route to compare NLO-matched simulations directly against fixed-order NLO calculations in limited phase-space regions.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript introduces a method for combining NLO QCD calculations with shower Monte Carlo algorithms. It demonstrates that simple extensions to existing shower algorithms allow generation of the hardest emission according to the full NLO matrix element, using a modified Sudakov form factor that subtracts the shower approximation. This construction recovers the inclusive NLO cross section exactly, eliminates negative weights for the first emission by design, and lets subsequent emissions follow the standard shower. Simple variants are also proposed for improved matrix-element corrections.
Significance. If the explicit derivation holds, the result is significant for precision collider phenomenology: it supplies a practical, efficient route to NLO accuracy on the hardest emission inside parton-shower frameworks without negative-weight overhead or extra resummation machinery. The approach has become foundational for modern event generators because it preserves both fixed-order accuracy and logarithmic resummation while remaining compatible with existing shower veto algorithms.
minor comments (2)
- The abstract and introduction would benefit from a short explicit statement of the modified Sudakov form factor (the subtraction of the shower approximation) to make the central construction immediately visible to readers.
- A brief comparison table or paragraph contrasting the new method with the negative-weight implementations cited in the abstract would help quantify the improvement in event-generation efficiency.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our work and the recommendation to accept the manuscript. We appreciate the recognition of the method's significance for precision collider phenomenology.
Circularity Check
No significant circularity; derivation is self-contained
full rationale
The manuscript explicitly derives the POWHEG matching by constructing the hardest-emission cross section from the NLO real and virtual contributions multiplied by a modified Sudakov form factor that subtracts the parton-shower approximation. This ensures the inclusive NLO cross section is recovered exactly while subsequent emissions follow the standard shower. No step reduces to a fitted input renamed as prediction, no self-definitional loop appears in the equations, and the central construction does not rely on load-bearing self-citations or imported uniqueness theorems. The method is presented as an independent algorithmic extension whose correctness follows from the explicit cancellation of divergences and the exact NLO normalization, without circular reduction to its own inputs.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
read the original abstract
I show that with simple extensions of the shower algorithms in Monte Carlo programs, one can implement NLO corrections to the hardest emission that overcome the problems of negative weighted events found in previous implementations. Simple variants of the same method can be used for an improved treatment of matrix element corrections in Shower Monte Carlo programs.
Forward citations
Cited by 60 Pith papers
-
Proton Structure from Neural Simulation-Based Inference at the LHC
Neural simulation-based inference on unbinned top-quark pair data at 13 TeV yields improved gluon PDF precision over traditional binned analyses while incorporating experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
-
Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports an 8+ sigma excess in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD quasi-bound states and measuring 9.3 pb.
-
First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Interaction Cross Section and Flux as a Function of Energy at the LHC with FASER
First differential measurement of muon neutrino-nucleon cross section and flux in six TeV-scale energy bins using FASER at the LHC, with results consistent with Standard Model expectations.
-
Off-shell Higgs boson measurements: Yukawa couplings, self-coupling, compositeness, and width
Using off-shell Higgs production in 138 fb^-1 of 13 TeV CMS data, the collaboration measured Γ_H = 5.1^{+2.0}_{-1.8} MeV, excluded no off-shell production at >5σ, and set the first direct 95% CL lower bound Λ_H > 870 ...
-
Electroweak corrections to Higgs boson pair production: The quark channel
Mixed QCD-EW corrections to qqbar -> HH computed analytically via differential equations, matched to large-mass limit, implemented in POWHEG-BOX, showing up to +10% effect on invariant mass distribution near threshold.
-
NNLO+PS Higgs-pair production in MiNNLOPS
NNLO+PS matching for gluon-fusion Higgs pair production is implemented in MiNNLOPS with approximate top-mass effects, validated against fixed-order NNLO and compared to GENEVA, with results for decay channels and tril...
-
Search for low-mass resonances decaying to $\tau\tau$ and measurement of the $\Upsilon$ $\to$ $\tau\tau$ decay in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV
CMS measures Υ(1S,2S,3S) → τ⁺τ⁻ with 5.8σ significance and cross section 3.5 ± 0.7 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) nb while setting 95% CL upper limits of 40-400 pb on spin-zero resonance production to ττ with no observed excess ...
-
Multiplicative matching of neutral current deep-inelastic scattering processes at next-to-leading order in PYTHIA 8
A multiplicative matching scheme reweights Born-level events in PYTHIA 8 so the first parton shower emission follows the real NLO matrix element, improving agreement with HERA DIS data.
-
Simultaneous measurements of $N$-subjettiness observables in jets from gluons and light-flavour quarks, and in decays of boosted W bosons and top quarks
CMS reports a simultaneous measurement of 25 N-subjettiness observables in 1-, 2-, and 3-prong jets, unfolded to stable particles with particle-level correlations for QCD modeling.
-
Evidence of ZZ$\gamma$ production and observation of $4\ell\gamma$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
First evidence for ZZ gamma production at 3.7 sigma and observation of 4 lepton gamma at 5.0 sigma in CMS data at 13 TeV, with measured fiducial cross sections consistent with predictions.
-
Measurement of the jet mass in hadronic decays of boosted W bosons at 13 TeV and extraction of the W boson mass
Unfolded double-differential W+jets cross section versus jet p_T and soft-drop mass yields m_W = 80.83 ± 0.55 GeV, the most precise all-jets extraction at a hadron collider.
-
Resonance-aware parton-shower matching for off-shell top-antitop production with semi-leptonic decays at electron-positron colliders
A resonance-aware MC@NLO matching procedure preserves top-antitop line shapes when NLO QCD predictions for off-shell ttbar production at e+e− colliders are showered with Pythia8.
-
Observation of a cross-section enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ production threshold in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS observes an excess over 8 sigma in ttbar production near threshold, consistent with NRQCD color-singlet S-wave quasi-bound states, with measured cross-section 9.3^{+1.4}_{-1.3} pb.
-
Search for light pseudoscalar bosons, pair-produced in Higgs boson decays in the four-electron final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess observed; first LHC search sets 95% CL upper limits on H to AA to 4e branching fraction down to 10^{-5} for 10-100 MeV masses and short lifetimes.
-
Search for Higgsinos in final states with low-momentum lepton-track pairs at 13 TeV
CMS excludes Higgsino masses up to 115 GeV for neutralino mass differences down to 1.5 GeV in a nearly degenerate four-state Higgsino scenario using multivariate analysis on LHC data.
-
The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations
MadGraph5_aMC@NLO automates tree-level, NLO, shower-matched, and merged cross-section computations for collider processes in a unified flexible framework.
-
Matching NLO QCD computations with Parton Shower simulations: the POWHEG method
The POWHEG method provides a general framework to interface NLO QCD computations with parton showers using Catani-Seymour and Frixione-Kunszt-Signer subtraction schemes, illustrated with e+e- hadron production and Dre...
-
Search for Lorentz-boosted di-$\tau$ resonances produced in association with top quark pairs in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
No excess is seen; ATLAS sets a 0.19 fb model-independent visible cross-section limit and 2HDM σ×BR limits of 0.4–0.05 pb for ma = 20–85 GeV using boosted di-τ reconstruction.
-
Search for dark matter in a signature with a four-prong large-radius jet in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess is observed in the four-prong large-radius jet + MET signature; 95% CL upper limits are set on the signal strength versus mediator mass or χ₂χ₁Y₀ coupling.
-
Search for $\textit{tH}$ production in the $ H \to \tau\tau$ decay mode, and a combination with other searches, using $\textit{pp}$ collisions at 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS's combined tH search, including a new H→ττ channel, measures μ_tH = 3.3 ± 1.6 times the SM, with 2.3σ observed significance and an observed 95% CL limit of 6.1×SM.
-
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in vector boson scattering with $\tau$-lepton final states with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS finds no evidence for heavy Majorana neutrinos in same-sign tau-lepton final states and sets new 95% CL upper limits on |V_τN|², reaching 0.30 at m_N = 900 GeV and extending to m_N = 6.5 TeV.
-
Observation of the electroweak production of $\gamma\gamma jj$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV in $140\ \text{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS observes the electroweak production of gamma-gamma plus two jets at 6.2 sigma and measures 13.8 fb, consistent with the Standard Model.
-
Cross-section measurements of boosted Higgs boson production in final states with pairs of hadronically decaying $\tau$-leptons with the ATLAS experiment
ATLAS reports the first boosted H→ττ cross-section measurements for Higgs pT > 300 GeV, with an observed (expected) significance of 3.8 (3.3) standard deviations, consistent with the Standard Model.
-
Measurements of the electroweak production of a $W$ boson in association with two jets at $\sqrt{s}=13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
First differential electroweak W+two-jet cross sections at 13 TeV agree with the Standard Model and give competitive constraints on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings.
-
Simultaneous efficiency measurements of $b$- and $c$-jets in $t\bar{t}$ events from $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV $pp$ collision data collected with the ATLAS detector
Simultaneous measurements of b-jet tagging and c-jet mistagging efficiency scale factors for the ATLAS GN2 tagger achieve precisions below 2% and 5% respectively using 56 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV ttbar data.
-
A resonance-aware MC@NLO QCD+EW-matched calculation of lepton-pair production
First automated MC@NLO matching of NLO QCD+EW to an interleaved QCD+QED parton shower with resonance-aware dipole subtraction, validated for Drell-Yan lepton-pair production.
-
Search for nonresonant triple Higgs boson production in the final state with six bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess is observed; the 95% CL upper limit on nonresonant HHH→6b is 44 fb (588×SM), with κ3 constrained to −7.4 < κ3 < 12.4 (κ4=1) and κ4 to −177 < κ4 < 185 (κ3=1).
-
Higher-order effects in amplitude-assisted polarisation extraction with machine-learning techniques
First NLO-QCD amplitude-assisted ML regression for longitudinal-boson production rate in di-boson events at the LHC, benchmarked against random forests.
-
Matrix element method at NLO: A fine proof of concept in POWHEG
Proof-of-concept for NLO matrix element method via POWHEG projections applied to fully leptonic WW production in SMEFT, demonstrating near-optimal classification of BSM versus SM events using lepton correlations.
-
Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
-
NLO QCD and parton-shower effects for Higgs-boson production in association with a hard photon via vector-boson fusion
NLO QCD plus parton-shower matched implementation for VBF Higgs plus photon production, with studies showing small shower effects on Higgs observables and larger effects on sub-leading jets.
-
Multiplicative matching of neutral current deep-inelastic scattering processes at next-to-leading order in PYTHIA 8
A new multiplicative NLO matching strategy for neutral-current DIS in PYTHIA 8 improves agreement with HERA reduced cross-section measurements and lowers uncertainties compared to unmatched simulations.
-
Search for associated production of a Higgs boson and two vector bosons via vector boson scattering at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS excludes κ_VV outside 0.40-1.60 at 95% CL and constrains κ_2W and κ_2Z using VBS events with a boosted Higgs to bb decay.
-
Search for heavy resonances decaying into four-lepton final states via light bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess observed in four-lepton events from heavy resonances, setting upper limits on production cross sections for dilepton masses 0.4-15 GeV using novel merged-object techniques.
-
Search for a new heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a neutral scalar boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No excess found in search for T' to top plus phi; excludes T' masses 0.85-1.3 TeV at 95% CL for SM Higgs case with 5% width, and sets cross-section limits as low as 0.1 fb.
-
Particle transformers for identifying Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to a pair of W bosons
PaRT achieves >50% tagging efficiency for boosted H->WW jets at 1% background efficiency, decorrelated from jet mass, with data-to-simulation scale factors of 0.9-1.0 on 138 fb^{-1} of 13 TeV collisions.
-
Dijet invariant mass of charged-particle jets in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV
The first measurement of charged-particle dijet invariant mass spectra shows no significant nuclear modification in p-Pb collisions at low masses.
-
Search for soft unclustered energy patterns produced in association with a W or Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess is observed in the first search for Higgs-to-SUEP decays with leptonic W or Z bosons; cross-section limits are set across SUEP model parameters.
-
Search for soft unclustered energy patterns produced in association with a W or Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No significant excess is observed in leptonic W/Z plus high-multiplicity soft-particle events, setting limits on Higgs to SUEP decays across a range of model parameters.
-
Combination of measurements of CP properties of Higgs boson interactions with vector bosons using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
A combination of five ATLAS Higgs measurements yields the strongest constraints to date on CP-violating Higgs interactions with vector bosons, with no observed deviation from the Standard Model.
-
Measurement of the $|V_{cb}|$ element of the CKM matrix in $t\bar{t}$ decays with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS measures |Vcb|=(50 +11/−14)×10^−3 from on-shell W→cb decays in ttbar events, the first such measurement at the weak scale.
-
Extracting a Toponium Signal at the LHC with Spin and Quantum Information Tools
Spin and quantum-information observables add only marginal statistical power beyond kinematic variables for isolating toponium in near-threshold top-pair events, but improve interpretability.
-
Search for pair production of heavy resonances in final states with a photon and large-radius jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Using 138 fb^-1 of CMS data, the first tt-gamma-g channel search finds no excess and excludes spin-1/2 (spin-3/2) excited top quarks below 930 (1330) GeV.
-
Experimental characterization of the hierarchy of quantum correlations in top quark pairs
LHC top-quark data show quantum discord at >5σ, first evidence for steering at >3σ, no Bell correlations, and nonzero magic.
-
Measurement and effective field theory interpretation of the photon-fusion production cross section of a pair of W bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS observes photon-fusion W+W- production at 13 TeV with >5 sigma significance and measures sigma = 643 +82/-78 fb, consistent with the standard-model prediction of 631 +/- 126 fb.
-
Measurement of differential $t$-channel single top (anti)quark production cross-sections at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
First separate differential tq and tbarq t-channel single-top cross-sections at 13 TeV, using the full ATLAS Run 2 sample, agree with NLO/NNLO QCD and set −0.12 < C_Qq^{3,1}/Λ² < 0.12 TeV⁻² at 95% CL.
-
Measurement of the top-quark mass using decays with a $J/\psi$ meson at $\sqrt{s}=$13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Top quark mass measured at 172.17 ± 1.56 GeV via unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to m(ℓ μ⁺μ⁻) in ATLAS Run 2 data using J/ψ decays.
-
Search for higgsinos in compressed mass spectra using low-momentum tracks in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
No excess over the Standard Model is observed; ATLAS excludes chargino masses below 126 GeV at 95% CL for mass splittings of 0.3–2 GeV in a simplified higgsino model.
-
Search for Higgsinos in final states with low-momentum lepton-track pairs at 13 TeV
Using low-momentum muon pairs and lepton-plus-track events, CMS finds no new physics and sets new exclusion limits on compressed Higgsinos, reaching 115 GeV at a 3.5 GeV splitting.
-
Search for long-lived particles using displaced vertices with low-momentum tracks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
A displaced-vertex search for compressed-spectrum long-lived particles excludes top squarks up to about 1100 GeV and wino-like neutralinos up to about 550 GeV, the strongest limits on these benchmark models.
-
Observation of $W^{+}W^{-}\gamma$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
ATLAS reports the observation of W⁺W⁻γ triboson production with 5.9σ significance and derives constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings via effective field theory.
-
Search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a high-energy photon via vector-boson fusion and decaying to a pair of $b$-quarks in the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports a new measurement of the Higgs signal strength in the VBF plus photon channel with H to bb decay, obtaining 0.2 ± 0.7 using an improved neural-network-based analysis on 133 fb^{-1} of data.
-
Electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Electroweak diboson plus high-mass dijet production observed at 7.4 sigma with signal strength 1.28, plus first semileptonic-channel limits on S02, T0 and M0 Wilson coefficients.
-
Study of $t\bar{t}H$ and $tH$ production in the $H\to\tau\tau$ channel in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Simultaneous measurement of ttH (mu=1.51) and tH (mu=-0.4) in fully hadronic H→tau tau final states at 13/13.6 TeV, consistent with the Standard Model.
-
Measurement of the $b$-jet identification efficiency in dileptonic $t\bar{t}$ events using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector
The GN2 b-jet tagger is calibrated in 56 fb⁻¹ of 13.6 TeV pp data using dileptonic tt̄ events, yielding data-to-simulation scale factors of 0.9–1.3 with ~1% uncertainty in the best bins.
-
Study of ZZ and ZH production in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state and search for high-mass spin-0 and spin-1 resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS sets 95% CL upper limits on σ(X)B(X→ZZ) (300 pb–24 fb) and σ(Z')B(Z'→ZH) (0.4 pb–12 fb) for resonances up to 6 TeV in the bbττ channel with no SM deviation observed.
-
Polarized Deep-Inelastic Scattering with Spin Correlations in Herwig 7
Herwig 7 now supports NLO POWHEG-matched polarized DIS including neutral and charged currents, with spin-density matrix propagation that affects some shower observables but not others.
-
Probing the Higgs-top Yukawa interaction in the $t\bar{t}H$ and $tH$ processes using $H\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS measures ttH cross section times BR(H→γγ) at 1.13 SM with 164 fb⁻¹ at 13.6 TeV, sets tH limit at 6.2 SM, and combined with prior data excludes |α|>38° and purely CP-odd coupling at 5.8σ.
-
Search for light scalar particles produced in Higgs boson decays in exclusive final states with two muons and two hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
CMS obtains O(10^{-4}) upper limits on Higgs branching fraction to light scalars (0.4-2 GeV) decaying to muon-hadron pairs with lifetimes up to ~1 mm.
-
Search for Higgs boson decays into two neutral scalars with unequal masses in final states with b quarks and tau leptons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
No statistically significant excess is observed in the search for Higgs decays to two neutral scalars with unequal masses, setting 95% CL upper limits between 0.9 and 36.8 pb depending on mass and decay scenario.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
Matching NLO QCD computations and parton shower simulations
S. Frixione and B. R. Webber, Matching nlo qcd computations and parton shower simulations, JHEP 06 (2002) 029, [ hep-ph/0204244]
work page Pith review arXiv 2002
-
[2]
Matching NLO QCD and parton showers in heavy flavour production
S. Frixione, P. Nason, and B. R. Webber, Matching nlo qcd and parton showers in heavy flavour production , JHEP 08 (2003) 007, [ hep-ph/0305252]
work page Pith review arXiv 2003
-
[3]
S. Frixione and B. R. Webber, The mc@nlo 2.0 event generator , hep-ph/0307146
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv
-
[4]
New formalism for QCD parton showers
S. Gieseke, P. Stephens, and B. Webber, New formalism for qcd parton showers , JHEP 12 (2003) 045, [ hep-ph/0310083]. 28
work page Pith review arXiv 2003
-
[5]
S. Gieseke, A. Ribon, M. H. Seymour, P. Stephens, and B. We bber, Herwig++ 1.0: An event generator for e+ e- annihilation , JHEP 02 (2004) 005, [ hep-ph/0311208]
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2004
-
[6]
G. Marchesini and B. R. Webber, Simulation of qcd jets including soft gluon interference, Nucl. Phys. B238 (1984) 1
work page 1984
-
[7]
Sjostrand, A model for initial state parton showers , Phys
T. Sjostrand, A model for initial state parton showers , Phys. Lett. B157 (1985) 321
work page 1985
-
[8]
G. Marchesini and B. R. Webber, Monte carlo simulation of general hard processes with coherent qcd radiation , Nucl. Phys. B310 (1988) 461
work page 1988
-
[9]
M. H. Seymour, Matrix element corrections to parton shower algorithms , Comp. Phys. Commun. 90 (1995) 95–101, [ hep-ph/9410414]
work page Pith review arXiv 1995
-
[10]
M. L. Mangano, P. Nason, and G. Ridolfi, Heavy quark correlations in hadron collisions at next-to- leading order , Nucl. Phys. B373 (1992) 295–345
work page 1992
- [11]
-
[12]
QCD Matrix Elements + Parton Showers
S. Catani, F. Krauss, R. Kuhn, and B. R. Webber, Qcd matrix elements + parton showers, JHEP 11 (2001) 063, [ hep-ph/0109231]
work page Pith review arXiv 2001
-
[13]
Collins, Monte-carlo event generators at nlo , Phys
J. Collins, Monte-carlo event generators at nlo , Phys. Rev. D65 (2002) 094016, [hep-ph/0110113]
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2002
-
[14]
J. C. Collins, Subtraction method for nlo corrections in monte carlo event generators for leptoproduction, JHEP 05 (2000) 004, [ hep-ph/0001040]
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2000
-
[15]
M. Kramer and D. E. Soper, Next-to-leading order qcd calculations with parton showers. i: Collinear singularities , Phys. Rev. D69 (2004) 054019, [hep-ph/0306222]
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2004
-
[16]
D. E. Soper, Next-to-leading order qcd calculations with parton shower s. ii: Soft singularities, Phys. Rev. D69 (2004) 054020, [ hep-ph/0306268]. 29
work page internal anchor Pith review arXiv 2004
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.