Introduces textual belief states and factorized GRPO to enforce strict latent state mediation in text-based world models, yielding preserved prediction accuracy with large gains in representation quality and rollout performance on TextWorld and ScienceWorld.
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Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imagination
Canonical reference. 95% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
Learned world models summarize an agent's experience to facilitate learning complex behaviors. While learning world models from high-dimensional sensory inputs is becoming feasible through deep learning, there are many potential ways for deriving behaviors from them. We present Dreamer, a reinforcement learning agent that solves long-horizon tasks from images purely by latent imagination. We efficiently learn behaviors by propagating analytic gradients of learned state values back through trajectories imagined in the compact state space of a learned world model. On 20 challenging visual control tasks, Dreamer exceeds existing approaches in data-efficiency, computation time, and final performance.
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- abstract Learned world models summarize an agent's experience to facilitate learning complex behaviors. While learning world models from high-dimensional sensory inputs is becoming feasible through deep learning, there are many potential ways for deriving behaviors from them. We present Dreamer, a reinforcement learning agent that solves long-horizon tasks from images purely by latent imagination. We efficiently learn behaviors by propagating analytic gradients of learned state values back through trajectories imagined in the compact state space of a learned world model. On 20 challenging visual contro
- background Langugae-Conditoned MoCoGAN [29], U-Net [30], Latte [ 31], Wan [32], Sora 2 [ 33]. . . Embodied World Model SWIM [34], DreamDojo [ 35], RoboDreamer [36], RoboScape [37]. . . WM for VLA Imitation Learning Ctrl-World [38], RoboScape [37], DREMA [ 39] Reinforcement Learning Dreamer to Control [ 40] DreamerV2 [ 41], Dreamer 4 [ 42], RISE [ 43] DreamerV3 [44], DayDreamer [45], World-Env [46], RoboScape-R [47] WMPO [48], WoVR [49], VLA-RFT [50], RWML [51], MoDem-V2 [52] World-Gymnast [53], RWM-U [54],
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representative citing papers
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REGEN uses recurrent generative replays from World Action Models to cut catastrophic forgetting by up to 50% in continual imitation learning compared to sequential fine-tuning.
VLWMs learn variable-length action-conditioned dynamics in latent space with curriculum training, yielding 13% average gains over prior latent world models on long-horizon tasks.
Self-distillation from a caption-conditioned video diffusion model to an image-and-prompt-conditioned executor, enhanced by RL from VLM feedback, enables task solving in world models.
A sleep mechanism with N offline recurrent passes consolidates context into fast weights, improving performance on reasoning tasks where standard transformers fail.
UWM-JEPA uses a density-matrix latent and unitary predictor in JEPA to preserve joint-state spectrum during blind rollouts, achieving 0.77 accuracy on a five-step hidden-velocity task versus 0.53 for an LSTM baseline.
Hybrid CFD-MOMARL framework with PCGrad enables micro-swarm navigation in pulsatile flow, achieving progress 6.5-7.0, energy 0.63-0.65, smoothness 0.97-0.99 with emergent behaviors.
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Reducing visual input to one token per frame in VLA world models maintains or improves long-horizon performance on MetaWorld, LIBERO, and real-robot tasks.
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World models succeed when their latent states are built to meet task-specific sufficiency constraints rather than preserving the maximum amount of information.
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citing papers explorer
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Training Agents Inside of Scalable World Models
Dreamer 4 is the first agent to obtain diamonds in Minecraft from only offline data by reinforcement learning inside a scalable world model that accurately predicts game mechanics.
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Ctrl-World: A Controllable Generative World Model for Robot Manipulation
A controllable world model trained on the DROID dataset generates consistent multi-view robot trajectories for over 20 seconds and improves generalist policy success rates by 44.7% via imagined trajectory fine-tuning.
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DAWM: Diffusion Action World Models for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Action-Inferred Transitions
DAWM introduces a modular diffusion world model with an inverse dynamics model to produce complete synthetic transitions that improve conservative offline RL algorithms like TD3BC and IQL on D4RL tasks.
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HERO: Hierarchical Extrapolation and Refresh for Efficient World Models
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GAF: Gaussian Action Field as a 4D Representation for Dynamic World Modeling in Robotic Manipulation
GAF creates 4D dynamic scene models by adding motion to 3D Gaussians, enabling better reconstruction and 7.3% higher success in robotic tasks.
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V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planning
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EvolvingAgent: Curriculum Self-evolving Agent with Continual World Model for Long-Horizon Tasks
EvolvingAgent autonomously completes long-horizon tasks via a closed-loop planner-controller-reflector system with continual world model updates, reporting 111.74% higher success rates than baselines in Minecraft and human-level Atari performance.
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World Simulation with Video Foundation Models for Physical AI
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Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI
The Cosmos platform supplies open-source pre-trained world models and supporting tools for building fine-tunable digital world simulations to train Physical AI.
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