MathConstraint generates scalable, automatically verifiable combinatorial problems where LLMs achieve 18.5-66.9% accuracy without tools but roughly double that with solver access.
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LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmark
Canonical reference. 78% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
Test set contamination, wherein test data from a benchmark ends up in a newer model's training set, is a well-documented obstacle for fair LLM evaluation and can quickly render benchmarks obsolete. To mitigate this, many recent benchmarks crowdsource new prompts and evaluations from human or LLM judges; however, these can introduce significant biases, and break down when scoring hard questions. In this work, we introduce a new benchmark for LLMs designed to be resistant to both test set contamination and the pitfalls of LLM judging and human crowdsourcing. We release LiveBench, the first benchmark that (1) contains frequently-updated questions from recent information sources, (2) scores answers automatically according to objective ground-truth values, and (3) contains a wide variety of challenging tasks, spanning math, coding, reasoning, language, instruction following, and data analysis. To achieve this, LiveBench contains questions that are based on recently-released math competitions, arXiv papers, news articles, and datasets, and it contains harder, contamination-limited versions of tasks from previous benchmarks such as Big-Bench Hard, AMPS, and IFEval. We evaluate many prominent closed-source models, as well as dozens of open-source models ranging from 0.5B to 405B in size. LiveBench is difficult, with top models achieving below 70% accuracy. We release all questions, code, and model answers. Questions are added and updated on a monthly basis, and we release new tasks and harder versions of tasks over time so that LiveBench can distinguish between the capabilities of LLMs as they improve in the future. We welcome community engagement and collaboration for expanding the benchmark tasks and models.
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representative citing papers
TabArena launches a dynamic, updatable benchmarking system for tabular ML that shows boosted trees remain competitive, deep learning matches them under larger budgets with ensembling, foundation models excel on small data, and cross-model ensembles advance SOTA while flagging validation overfitting.
AlgoBench creates traceable variants of competitive programming problems via constraint shifts that invalidate original algorithms, paired with complexity metrics that reveal LLMs often produce functionally correct but asymptotically unsuitable solutions.
A new code-writing data analysis benchmark shows human experts outperforming a frontier LLM on average with lower performance variance.
The paper introduces Uni-E, a unified energy for DLMs that accounts for model capacity, dependency and invariance, can be computed exactly, and corrects distribution shifts from dependency and invariance.
CoEval generates task-specific benchmarks by rotating models through teacher, student, and judge roles, then weights questions by discriminative power and judges by panel consensus to recover accurate model rankings without labels.
LiveBrowseComp shows search agents rely on intrinsic knowledge on standard benchmarks, with scores dropping 25-40 points and closed-book accuracy below 2% on questions about facts from the prior 90 days.
Introduces the CUSP benchmark across 4760 events and finds frontier AI models can pick plausible directions but fail to predict whether or when scientific advances will occur, with performance varying by domain and insensitive to training cutoffs.
Presents a likelihood-based benchmark for equation-suffix prediction in technical papers with controls to detect shortcut vulnerabilities in model forecasts.
Re²Math is a new benchmark that evaluates AI models on retrieving and verifying the applicability of theorems from math literature to advance steps in partial proofs, accepting any sufficient theorem while controlling for leakage.
FinTrace supplies trajectory-level metrics for LLM financial tool calling, exposing gaps in information use and output quality, while its preference dataset enables DPO training that boosts intermediate metrics.
DRBENCHER generates multi-hop questions across biochemistry, finance, geophysics, security, and history that test interleaved browsing and computation, where the strongest models reach only 20% accuracy and human validation finds 76% validity.
LLMs match or exceed state-of-the-art traditional methods for stabilizing numerical expressions in scientific software, succeeding on 97.9% of expressions where baselines fail to improve accuracy, but struggle with control flow and high-precision literals.
MathArena evaluates over 50 LLMs on 162 fresh competition problems across seven contests, detects contamination in AIME 2024, and reports top models scoring below 40 percent on IMO 2025 proof tasks.
PRIMETIME generator reveals that LLM datetime parsing and arithmetic primitives are individually unreliable but fully learnable via fine-tuning, enabling frontier-level accuracy on event planning with small LoRA models.
UnifiedReward is the first unified reward model that jointly assesses multimodal understanding and generation to provide better preference signals for aligning vision models via DPO.
AGDO improves dLLM reasoning performance by determining denoising order and emphasizing tokens based on attention-derived dependencies rather than random masking.
A graph-based MIS prompt selection method on embedding similarity graphs yields reduced benchmark subsets with highly consistent LLM rankings (Kendall's W ≥ 0.90 in 99.2% of cases) and 25-48% size reduction at higher thresholds.
TRACER presents a semantic-aware framework and the first benchmark for fine-grained code contamination detection across three levels of overlap, reporting F1 scores of 0.91-0.92 and large gains over prior methods.
SynAE is a multi-metric framework that evaluates how well synthetic benchmarks replicate real data characteristics for multi-turn tool-calling agent testing.
First unified survey formalizing Pretraining Data Exposure across exposure levels and reviewing attack, defense, and contamination methods for LLMs.
ShapeCodeBench introduces a renewable benchmark for perception-to-program reconstruction of synthetic shapes, with evaluations showing low exact-match performance from current models and heuristics.
Four axioms (Causality, Minimality, Separability, Stability) are formalized for latent thought representations; audits of open LLMs on 23 tasks show none satisfy all four and representations add little beyond input embeddings.
Hesitator is a theory-grounded simulator that separates utility-based item selection from overload-aware commitment decisions to reduce unrealistic high acceptance rates in conversational recommender evaluations.
citing papers explorer
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MathConstraint: Automated Generation of Verified Combinatorial Reasoning Instances for LLMs
MathConstraint generates scalable, automatically verifiable combinatorial problems where LLMs achieve 18.5-66.9% accuracy without tools but roughly double that with solver access.
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TabArena: A Living Benchmark for Machine Learning on Tabular Data
TabArena launches a dynamic, updatable benchmarking system for tabular ML that shows boosted trees remain competitive, deep learning matches them under larger budgets with ensembling, foundation models excel on small data, and cross-model ensembles advance SOTA while flagging validation overfitting.
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Assessing Large Language Models for Stabilizing Numerical Expressions in Scientific Software
LLMs match or exceed state-of-the-art traditional methods for stabilizing numerical expressions in scientific software, succeeding on 97.9% of expressions where baselines fail to improve accuracy, but struggle with control flow and high-precision literals.
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Babbling Suppression: Making LLMs Greener One Token at a Time
Babbling Suppression stops LLM code generation upon test passage to reduce token output and energy consumption by up to 65% across Python and Java benchmarks.
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Kimi Linear: An Expressive, Efficient Attention Architecture
Kimi Linear hybridizes linear attention with a new KDA module to beat full attention on tasks while slashing KV cache by 75% and speeding decoding up to 6x.
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SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?
SWE-Bench Pro is a new benchmark with 1,865 long-horizon tasks from 41 repositories designed to evaluate AI agents on realistic enterprise-level software engineering problems beyond prior benchmarks.