VibeServe demonstrates that AI agents can synthesize bespoke LLM serving systems end-to-end, remaining competitive with vLLM in standard settings while outperforming it in six non-standard scenarios involving unusual models, workloads, or hardware.
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Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agents
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abstract
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the automation of software development tasks, including code synthesis, program repair, and test generation. More recently, researchers and industry practitioners have developed various autonomous LLM agents to perform end-to-end software development tasks. These agents are equipped with the ability to use tools, run commands, observe feedback from the environment, and plan for future actions. However, the complexity of these agent-based approaches, together with the limited abilities of current LLMs, raises the following question: Do we really have to employ complex autonomous software agents? To attempt to answer this question, we build Agentless -- an agentless approach to automatically solve software development problems. Compared to the verbose and complex setup of agent-based approaches, Agentless employs a simplistic three-phase process of localization, repair, and patch validation, without letting the LLM decide future actions or operate with complex tools. Our results on the popular SWE-bench Lite benchmark show that surprisingly the simplistic Agentless is able to achieve both the highest performance (32.00%, 96 correct fixes) and low cost ($0.70) compared with all existing open-source software agents! Furthermore, we manually classified the problems in SWE-bench Lite and found problems with exact ground truth patch or insufficient/misleading issue descriptions. As such, we construct SWE-bench Lite-S by excluding such problematic issues to perform more rigorous evaluation and comparison. Our work highlights the current overlooked potential of a simple, interpretable technique in autonomous software development. We hope Agentless will help reset the baseline, starting point, and horizon for autonomous software agents, and inspire future work along this crucial direction.
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- abstract Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the automation of software development tasks, including code synthesis, program repair, and test generation. More recently, researchers and industry practitioners have developed various autonomous LLM agents to perform end-to-end software development tasks. These agents are equipped with the ability to use tools, run commands, observe feedback from the environment, and plan for future actions. However, the complexity of these agent-based approaches, together with the limited abilities of current LLMs, raises the fo
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representative citing papers
The authors create the first large-scale dataset and taxonomy of failure modes in multi-agent LLM systems to explain their limited performance gains.
Visual graphs of repository structure added to text inputs for multimodal LLM agents reduce token consumption by up to 26% while maintaining or improving issue-resolution accuracy.
SWE-Explore is a new benchmark evaluating repository exploration by coding agents on 848 issues across 203 repositories, using line-level ground truth from successful agent trajectories and showing agentic methods outperform classical retrieval on coverage and ranking.
Phoenix-bench shows agentic AI systems lose 37-58% resolved rate when moving from SWE-bench Verified to hardware tasks because bugs spread across parallel modules via signal flow, with testbench feedback lifting performance by 42-45% while file-level oracles add only 1.4%.
The paper defines AI Harness Engineering as a runtime substrate with eleven components and a four-level ladder that reframes agent reliability as a model-harness-environment system property rather than model capability alone.
PerfCodeBench reveals that state-of-the-art LLMs produce functionally correct but significantly slower code than expert-optimized versions on system-level tasks, especially those involving parallelism and GPUs.
CrackMeBench introduces 20 deterministic binary validation tasks and reports GPT-5.5 solving 11/12 generated ones at pass@3 while Claude and Kimi lag, especially on harder tasks.
LLM agents exhibit constraint decay with assertion pass rates dropping substantially as structural requirements increase in multi-file backend code generation across web frameworks.
ProgramBench introduces 200 tasks where models must reconstruct full programs like FFmpeg or SQLite from docs alone; none of 9 evaluated LMs fully solve any task and the best passes 95% tests on only 3% of tasks while favoring monolithic code.
Developers use LLMs like ChatGPT mainly for knowledge acquisition and code generation at the detailed design level, reporting benefits such as better technology selection and early flaw detection alongside limitations like lengthy outputs, incorrect code, and hallucinations.
LLMs show up to 60.58% social bias in generated code; a new Fairness Monitor Agent cuts bias by 65.1% and raises functional correctness from 75.80% to 83.97%.
Adding product context retrieval to AI coding agents raises decision compliance from 46% to 95% on a new benchmark of 8 tasks with 41 weighted decision points.
ADI equips AI debugging agents with function-level interaction via a new execution trace structure, raising SWE-bench Verified resolution to 63.8% at $1.28 per task and delivering 6-18% gains when added to existing agents.
AgentFlow uses a typed graph DSL covering roles, prompts, tools, topology and protocol plus a runtime-signal feedback loop to optimize multi-agent harnesses, reaching 84.3% on TerminalBench-2 and discovering ten new zero-days in Chrome including two critical sandbox escapes.
LogicLoc combines LLMs with Datalog to achieve accurate repo-level code localization without relying on keyword shortcuts in benchmarks.
R2Eval is a new benchmark with 135 real-world code reasoning problems from Python projects that preserves complex data structures for more realistic LLM evaluation.
ConFixAgent repairs diverse concurrency bugs end-to-end by using Static Happens-Before graphs to extract relevant code context for LLMs, outperforming prior tools in benchmarks.
DAIRA integrates dynamic tracing into LLM agents to achieve 79.4% resolution rate on SWE-bench Verified for code defect repair.
Vibe Code Bench evaluates AI models on building complete web applications from specs, with the best of 16 models achieving 61.8% accuracy on the test split using autonomous browser evaluation.
AgenticSZZ reframes bug-inducing commit identification as temporal knowledge graph search navigated by an LLM agent, reporting F1 scores of 0.47-0.79 and up to 34% improvement over prior SZZ methods on three datasets.
Coding agents reached 22-29% adoption in GitHub projects within months of release, with agent-assisted commits larger and focused on features and bug fixes.
Users treat human delegation for long tasks as a flexible compass but AI delegation as rigid railway tracks due to perceived AI limitations in inference and judgment.
SWE-EVO shows GPT-5.4 with OpenHands reaching only 25% success on complex multi-file evolution tasks versus 72.8% on SWE-Bench Verified, and introduces Fix Rate as a partial-progress metric.
citing papers explorer
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VibeServe: Can AI Agents Build Bespoke LLM Serving Systems?
VibeServe demonstrates that AI agents can synthesize bespoke LLM serving systems end-to-end, remaining competitive with vLLM in standard settings while outperforming it in six non-standard scenarios involving unusual models, workloads, or hardware.
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Synthesizing Multi-Agent Harnesses for Vulnerability Discovery
AgentFlow uses a typed graph DSL covering roles, prompts, tools, topology and protocol plus a runtime-signal feedback loop to optimize multi-agent harnesses, reaching 84.3% on TerminalBench-2 and discovering ten new zero-days in Chrome including two critical sandbox escapes.
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An End-to-End Approach for Fixing Concurrency Bugs via SHB-Based Context Extractor
ConFixAgent repairs diverse concurrency bugs end-to-end by using Static Happens-Before graphs to extract relevant code context for LLMs, outperforming prior tools in benchmarks.
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SkillLens: Adaptive Multi-Granularity Skill Reuse for Cost-Efficient LLM Agents
SkillLens organizes skills into policies-strategies-procedures-primitives layers, retrieves via degree-corrected random walk, and uses a verifier for local adaptation, yielding up to 6.31 pp gains on MuLocbench and raising ALFWorld success from 45% to 51.31%.
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SWE Atlas: Benchmarking Coding Agents Beyond Issue Resolution
SWE Atlas is a benchmark suite for coding agents that evaluates Codebase Q&A, Test Writing, and Refactoring using comprehensive protocols assessing both functional correctness and software engineering quality.
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Beyond Fixed Tests: Repository-Level Issue Resolution as Coevolution of Code and Behavioral Constraints
Agent-CoEvo is a multi-agent LLM framework that coevolves code patches and test patches to resolve repository-level issues, outperforming fixed-test baselines on SWE-bench Lite and SWT-bench Lite.
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An Empirical Study on Influence-Based Pretraining Data Selection for Code Large Language Models
Data-influence-score filtering using validation-set loss on downstream coding tasks improves Code-LLM performance, with the most beneficial training data varying significantly across different programming tasks.
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