TOI-837 b has a true obliquity of 25.9+7.5-6.3 deg, the first planet younger than 100 Myr with accessible ψ incompatible with an aligned orbit, favoring primordial disc torque followed by disc-driven migration.
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Statistical Science , year = 1992, month = jan, volume =
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X-ray reverberation lags are used to measure the mass of the stellar-mass black hole Cygnus X-1 for the first time.
Direct fixed-weight solver for free-support Wasserstein medians relocates atoms using OT barycentric projections and inverse-distance weights, achieving monotone descent on smoothed objectives with fewer subproblems than nested Weiszfeld baselines.
HST/WFC3 UV imaging of SR 12 c measures accretion luminosity of 1.65 ± 0.19 × 10^{-5} L_⊙ and rate of 8 ± 2 × 10^{-12} M_⊙ yr^{-1}, placing it at the end stages of giant planet assembly with a full UV-to-sub-mm SED.
Filter-substrate refraction causes dominant lateral shifts yielding 0.3-0.4% PSF size and ellipticity residuals across most Roman bands that exceed weak lensing requirements by an order of magnitude, while longitudinal defocus shifts remain negligible.
Uncorrected Gaussian residual penalties in full-space sampling converge after marginalization to the graph-lifted reduced posterior multiplied by the inverse absolute determinant of the state Jacobian, requiring explicit determinant corrections for equivalence.
Homogeneous reanalysis of 145 single-star RM systems reveals mass-dependent e-λ trends: sub-Saturns eccentric and misaligned, Jupiters misaligned only when circular, and super-Jupiters aligned at all eccentricities.
Proposes a scale-calibrated median-of-means estimator for robust aggregation of distributed PCA estimates on the product of Euclidean space and Grassmann manifold.
A linked Tucker tensor factorization enables a joint individualized hurdle-ordinal regression model that uncovers spatially heterogeneous effects of fluoride and diet on paired caries and fluorosis outcomes.
Two long period radio transients are detached white dwarf-M dwarf binaries with matching periods, massive cool crystallized white dwarfs, low inclinations, and an estimated population of 100-2000 such systems within 2 kpc.
New JWST and Keck data on off-nuclear TDE 2025abcr show shifting emission-line velocities from a changing reprocessing layer and an IR power-law slope of -2.13 that is consistent with either reprocessing gas or a young stellar cluster of mass ~10^7.6 solar masses.
An adaptive hierarchical RMHMC sampler with closed-form leapfrog integrator and automatic mass matrix tuning for efficient MCMC in high-dimensional Bayesian problems.
Multirate SVGD improves robustness and efficiency over standard SVGD by updating attraction and repulsion on independent time scales, with strongest gains on hierarchical and multimodal targets.
MSFAST extends the FAST FPCA method to multivariate sparse data via Bayesian modeling with orthonormal splines, standardization, Procrustes alignment, and efficient computation, yielding valid inferences especially in low signal-to-noise settings.
LLM embeddings condition a generative transformer to enable faster convergence, better performance, and generalization to unseen LHC processes using a single model.
A QCD-vacuum-based model of dynamical dark energy fits Planck+ACT+SPT, DESI DR2, and supernova data while reproducing the late-time evolution favored by DESI.
Latent diffusion model parameterization allows MCMC and SMC to outperform latent-space ESMDA in data mismatch and uncertainty reduction for 3D subsurface DA, while model-space ESMDA produces unrealistic posteriors.
New discrete-time approximations to SG(L)D enable accurate non-asymptotic predictions of covariance and integrated autocorrelation time for practical tuning in large-batch or misspecified regimes.
Hot Jupiter occurrence in the Galactic halo is low at ~0.13% with no significant difference between in-situ and accreted populations, well below disk rates.
Recasts sampling-based nonconvex optimization as smoothed gradient descent to obtain non-asymptotic convergence guarantees and introduces the DIDA annealed algorithm that converges to the global optimum.
Joint location-scale minimization for geometric medians on product manifolds degenerates to marginal medians, and three new scale-selection methods restore identifiability with asymptotic guarantees.
300S stellar stream exhibits three density peaks, smooth width variations, a possible 4.7 degree gap, and a kink modeled as resulting from Large Magellanic Cloud interaction across its full known footprint.
ACT DR6 CMB lensing map gives σ8 = 0.819 ± 0.015 and H0 = 68.3 ± 1.1 km/s/Mpc, consistent with Planck ΛCDM but 1.7-2.1σ higher in S8 than KiDS, DES, and HSC galaxy surveys.
dynesty is an open-source Python package for dynamic nested sampling that improves efficiency in Bayesian posterior and evidence estimation compared to MCMC on certain problems.
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A Scalable Parametric Item Calibration Engine (SPICE) for Explanatory IRT with Sparse Data
SPICE is a scalable Bayesian MCMC engine for explanatory IRT calibration on sparsely linked persons and items in large assessment banks.