HABIT is a large-scale robot demonstration dataset for human-present environments that elicits spatiotemporal synchronization, yielding, and gesture grounding behaviors absent from robot-only training data.
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World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies
Canonical reference. 90% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
State-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at semantic generalization but struggle to generalize to unseen physical motions in novel environments. We introduce DreamZero, a World Action Model (WAM) built upon a pretrained video diffusion backbone. Unlike VLAs, WAMs learn physical dynamics by predicting future world states and actions, using video as a dense representation of how the world evolves. By jointly modeling video and action, DreamZero learns diverse skills effectively from heterogeneous robot data without relying on repetitive demonstrations. This results in over 2x improvement in generalization to new tasks and environments compared to state-of-the-art VLAs in real robot experiments. Crucially, through model and system optimizations, we enable a 14B autoregressive video diffusion model to perform real-time closed-loop control at 7Hz. Finally, we demonstrate two forms of cross-embodiment transfer: video-only demonstrations from other robots or humans yield a relative improvement of over 42% on unseen task performance with just 10-20 minutes of data. More surprisingly, DreamZero enables few-shot embodiment adaptation, transferring to a new embodiment with only 30 minutes of play data while retaining zero-shot generalization.
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- abstract State-of-the-art Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models excel at semantic generalization but struggle to generalize to unseen physical motions in novel environments. We introduce DreamZero, a World Action Model (WAM) built upon a pretrained video diffusion backbone. Unlike VLAs, WAMs learn physical dynamics by predicting future world states and actions, using video as a dense representation of how the world evolves. By jointly modeling video and action, DreamZero learns diverse skills effectively from heterogeneous robot data without relying on repetitive demonstrations. This results in over 2x i
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2026 149representative citing papers
Embodied.cpp introduces a portable C++ inference runtime with modular layers for deploying VLA and WAM models on heterogeneous robots, reporting 100% and 91% task success on two models plus memory reduction on a WAM benchmark.
SWAM jointly generates intermediate RGB-D sequences and action trajectories from monocular RGB start/goal observations for embodied navigation.
Processed egocentric human video outperforms teleoperated real-robot trajectories as pretraining data for embodied foundation models, delivering 24% lower validation loss and 52.5-90% higher task success rates under matched post-training protocols.
Flow Reversal Steering steers flow matching generalist policies by reversing suboptimal actions to nearby better modes, enabling improved zero-shot control, quick distillation, and RL bootstrapping in robotic manipulation.
FTP-1 is the first foundation tactile policy pretrained on ~3000 hours of data from 26 sources across 21 sensors that improves performance on seen setups by 17.2% and transfers to unseen sensors with 31% success rate gain.
UMI-Bench 1.0 is presented as the first open benchmark dedicated to reproducible real-world evaluation of Universal Manipulation Interface policies.
ActProbe is an action-space detector that uses temporal consistency error and action chunk magnitude from policy outputs, mapped via LSTM-MLP, to predict failures earlier than baselines across policies and real-robot tasks.
VoLoAgent uses a VLM to steer heterogeneous robot capabilities as interruptible tools for long-horizon manipulation and introduces the RoboVoLo benchmark, claiming substantial outperformance over single VLA/VLM or tool-based systems with real-robot validation.
ActionMap introduces a voxel heatmap action head for VLA models that improves policy learning by exploiting geometric structure in the action space.
Dream.exe evaluates 8 video generation models on 101 manipulation tasks by converting generated videos into executable robot trajectories in a simulator, finding measurable success rates that visual metrics do not predict.
Formalizes video world models as group actions on states and uses latent regularization with synthesized supervision to enforce consistency, introducing GAC and GAR metrics that improve structural correctness in SOTA models.
JOPAT jointly models pixels, point tracks, and actions in a diffusion transformer and reports gains over pixel-only baselines on long-horizon robot tasks with occlusion and off-screen motion.
WorldVLN proposes the first autoregressive world action model for aerial vision-language navigation that predicts short-horizon latent world states, decodes them to waypoints in closed loop, and uses two-stage training with Action-aware GRPO to achieve over 12% success-rate gains on benchmarks plus零
CreFlow combines LTL compositional rewards with credit-aware NFT and corrective reflow losses in online RL to improve embodied video diffusion models, raising downstream task success by 23.8 percentage points on eight bimanual manipulation tasks.
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
ACWM-Phys is a controllable simulator benchmark with in- and out-of-distribution protocols for evaluating action-conditioned world models across rigid, kinematic, deformable, and particle dynamics.
NoiseGate learns per-latent timestep schedules as an information-gating policy in diffusion-based world action models, yielding consistent gains on RoboTwin manipulation tasks.
OA-WAM uses persistent address vectors and dynamic content vectors in object slots to enable addressable world-action prediction, improving robustness on manipulation benchmarks under scene changes.
EA-WM generates more accurate robot world rollouts by projecting actions as structured visual fields in camera space and using event-aware bidirectional fusion to better capture interaction dynamics.
Being-H0.7 adds future-aware latent reasoning to direct VLA policies via dual-branch alignment on latent queries, matching world-model benefits at VLA efficiency.
π₀.₇ is a steerable generalist robotic model that uses rich multimodal prompts including language, subgoal images, and performance metadata to achieve out-of-the-box generalization across tasks and robot bodies.
ViVa turns a video generator into a value model for robot RL that jointly forecasts future states and task value, yielding better performance on real-world box assembly when integrated with RECAP.
MoRight disentangles object and camera motion via canonical-view specification and temporal cross-view attention, while decomposing motion into active user-driven and passive consequence components to learn and apply causality in video generation.
citing papers explorer
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HumanScale: Egocentric Human Video Can Outperform Real-Robot Data for Embodied Pretraining
Processed egocentric human video outperforms teleoperated real-robot trajectories as pretraining data for embodied foundation models, delivering 24% lower validation loss and 52.5-90% higher task success rates under matched post-training protocols.
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Dream.exe: Can Video Generation Models Dream Executable Robot Manipulation?
Dream.exe evaluates 8 video generation models on 101 manipulation tasks by converting generated videos into executable robot trajectories in a simulator, finding measurable success rates that visual metrics do not predict.
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World Models as Group Actions
Formalizes video world models as group actions on states and uses latent regularization with synthesized supervision to enforce consistency, introducing GAC and GAR metrics that improve structural correctness in SOTA models.
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CreFlow: Corrective Reflow for Sparse-Reward Embodied Video Diffusion RL
CreFlow combines LTL compositional rewards with credit-aware NFT and corrective reflow losses in online RL to improve embodied video diffusion models, raising downstream task success by 23.8 percentage points on eight bimanual manipulation tasks.
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ACWM-Phys: Investigating Generalized Physical Interaction in Action-Conditioned Video World Models
ACWM-Phys is a controllable simulator benchmark with in- and out-of-distribution protocols for evaluating action-conditioned world models across rigid, kinematic, deformable, and particle dynamics.
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EA-WM: Event-Aware Generative World Model with Structured Kinematic-to-Visual Action Fields
EA-WM generates more accurate robot world rollouts by projecting actions as structured visual fields in camera space and using event-aware bidirectional fusion to better capture interaction dynamics.
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MoRight: Motion Control Done Right
MoRight disentangles object and camera motion via canonical-view specification and temporal cross-view attention, while decomposing motion into active user-driven and passive consequence components to learn and apply causality in video generation.
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Action Images: End-to-End Policy Learning via Multiview Video Generation
Action Images turn robot arm motions into interpretable multiview pixel videos, letting video backbones serve as zero-shot policies for end-to-end robot learning.
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VLAFlow: A Unified Training Framework for Vision-Language-Action Models via Co-training and Future Latent Alignment
VLAFlow shows that combining language-supervised co-training with future latent alignment produces the most stable transfer performance for vision-language-action models trained on mixed robot data.
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ABot-M0.5: Unified Mobility-and-Manipulation World Action Model
ABot-M0.5 proposes a unified mobility-and-manipulation world action model using three alignment strategies that achieves state-of-the-art performance on mobile and fine-grained manipulation benchmarks.
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ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?
ImageWAM shows image editing models can replace video generation in world action models, delivering better performance with 6x lower FLOPs and 4x lower latency by using edit-derived KV caches as compact context.
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Mem-World: Memory-Augmented Action-Conditioned World Models for Persistent Robot Manipulation
Mem-World augments world models with W-VMem, a wrist-view-centered surfel memory, to generate persistent action-conditioned video rollouts that improve policy evaluation correlation by 14.5% and raise task success from 58% to 72%.
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RepWAM: World Action Modeling with Representation Visual-Action Tokenizers
RepWAM introduces representation visual-action tokenizers to pretrain world action models that jointly model future visual states and latent actions under instructions for improved robot manipulation.
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MaskWAM: Unifying Mask Prompting and Prediction for World-Action Models
MaskWAM unifies mask prompting and prediction in world-action models via Mixture of Transformers to improve robotic policy generalization on language-ambiguous tasks.
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Next Forcing: Causal World Modeling with Multi-Chunk Prediction
Next Forcing augments video generation models with auxiliary multi-chunk prediction modules to achieve faster training convergence, higher accuracy at high frame rates, and 2x faster inference on world modeling benchmarks.
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DRIFT: A Residual Flow Adapter for Decoding Continuous Outputs in Vision-Language Models
DRIFT adapts pretrained VLMs to continuous decoding via a base predictor plus residual flow matching, outperforming regression and generative baselines on grounding and robotic control tasks.
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Gamma-World: Generative Multi-Agent World Modeling Beyond Two Players
A multi-agent video world model using simplex rotary agent encoding and sparse hub attention achieves better fidelity, controllability, and consistency than baselines while generalizing from 2 to 4 players.
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DriveWAM: Video Generative Priors Enable Scalable World-Action Modeling for Autonomous Driving
DriveWAM converts video generative priors into a unified video-action policy for driving, reporting strong benchmark performance and positive scaling from 4k to 100k clips.
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WorldKV: Efficient World Memory with World Retrieval and Compression
WorldKV enables persistent world memory in autoregressive video diffusion models by selectively retrieving and compressing KV-cache chunks, matching full-cache fidelity at roughly twice the throughput without training.
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World-Ego Modeling for Long-Horizon Evolution in Hybrid Embodied Tasks
Proposes World-Ego Modeling with WEM using CP-MoE diffusion and a new HTEWorld benchmark, claiming SOTA on hybrid navigation-manipulation tasks.
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UAM: A Dual-Stream Perspective on Forgetting in VLA Training
UAM adds a Dorsal Expert initialized from a generative model and trained on visual dynamics prediction to preserve over 95% of VLM multimodal ability in VLA training while achieving top success rates on manipulation tasks including OOD cases.
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EgoExo-WM: Unlocking Exo Video for Ego World Models
Method converts exocentric videos to egocentric format via body-pose extraction and kinematics to improve egocentric world-model prediction and planning.
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Pyramid Forcing: Head-Aware Pyramid KV Cache Policy for High-Quality Long Video Generation
Pyramid Forcing classifies attention heads into Anchor, Wave, and Veil types and applies type-specific KV cache policies to improve long-horizon autoregressive video generation quality.
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The DAWN of World-Action Interactive Models
DAWN couples a world predictor with a world-conditioned action denoiser in latent space so that each refines the other recursively, yielding strong planning and safety results on autonomous driving benchmarks.
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DexWorldModel: Causal Latent World Modeling towards Automated Learning of Embodied Tasks
CLWM with DINOv3 targets, O(1) TTT memory, SAI latency masking, and EmbodiChain training achieves SOTA dual-arm simulation performance and zero-shot sim-to-real transfer that beats real-data finetuned baselines.
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Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?
Fast-WAM shows that explicit future imagination at test time is not required for strong WAM performance; video modeling during training provides the main benefit.
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PhysisForcing: Physics Reinforced World Simulator for Robotic Manipulation
PhysisForcing applies trajectory and relational alignment losses to DiT features in video models, improving physical plausibility on R-Bench, PAI-Bench, and EZS-Bench while raising closed-loop robotic success rates from 16% to 24%.
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Making Foresight Actionable: Repurposing Representation Alignment in World Action Models
AGRA is an Action-Grounded Representation Alignment objective that aligns intermediate video diffusion features with semantic representations to make world action model hidden states more useful for low-level robot control, improving localization, affordance, and robustness.
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MilliVid: Hierarchical Latents for Long-Range Consistency in Video Generation
MilliVid compresses video frames into multi-scale token hierarchies and uses coarse-to-fine rollout in a diffusion model to maintain long-range geometric and object consistency on Minecraft videos.
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Light-WAM: Efficient World Action Models with State-Fusion Action Decoding
Light-WAM is a lightweight world action model that performs latent-space video supervision and state-fusion action decoding to achieve usable multi-task robot performance with 0.44B parameters and low inference latency.
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UniCanvas: A Diffusion-base Unified Model for Text-in-Image Joint Generation
UniCanvas introduces a diffusion-based approach for unified multimodal generation by embedding text as visual patterns within images on a shared canvas.
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OptiWorld: Optimal Control for Video World Generation under Physical Constraints
OptiWorld inserts a classical optimal-control layer that extracts a world state, plans an optimal trajectory on a geometric manifold under physical constraints, and renders the video conditioned on that trajectory.
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SANA-WM: Efficient Minute-Scale World Modeling with Hybrid Linear Diffusion Transformer
SANA-WM is a 2.6B-parameter efficient world model that synthesizes minute-scale 720p videos with 6-DoF camera control, trained on 213K public clips in 15 days on 64 H100s and runnable on single GPUs at 36x higher throughput than prior open baselines.
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NVIDIA OmniDreams: Real-Time Generative World Model for Closed-Loop Autonomous Vehicle Simulation
OmniDreams is a real-time generative world model mid- and post-trained from the Cosmos diffusion model on 21k hours of driving data to autoregressively generate action-conditioned videos for closed-loop AV simulation.
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ABot-Claw: A Foundation for Persistent, Cooperative, and Self-Evolving Robotic Agents
ABot-Claw is an embodied software layer that adds unified robot scheduling, cross-embodiment visual memory, and critic-driven replanning on top of OpenClaw to support persistent multi-robot execution from natural-language goals.
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Matrix-Game 3.0: Real-Time and Streaming Interactive World Model with Long-Horizon Memory
Matrix-Game 3.0 delivers 720p real-time video generation at 40 FPS with minute-scale memory consistency by combining residual self-correction training, camera-aware memory injection, and DMD-based autoregressive distillation on a 5B model.