MedMemoryBench supplies a 2,000-session synthetic medical trajectory dataset and an evaluate-while-constructing streaming protocol to expose memory saturation and reasoning failures in current agent architectures for personalized healthcare.
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MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agents
Canonical reference. 71% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
33
Pith papers citing it
Background
71% of classified citations
abstract
Although memory capabilities of AI agents are gaining increasing attention, existing solutions remain fundamentally limited. Most rely on flat, narrowly scoped memory components, constraining their ability to personalize, abstract, and reliably recall user-specific information over time. To this end, we introduce MIRIX, a modular, multi-agent memory system that redefines the future of AI memory by solving the field's most critical challenge: enabling language models to truly remember. Unlike prior approaches, MIRIX transcends text to embrace rich visual and multimodal experiences, making memory genuinely useful in real-world scenarios. MIRIX consists of six distinct, carefully structured memory types: Core, Episodic, Semantic, Procedural, Resource Memory, and Knowledge Vault, coupled with a multi-agent framework that dynamically controls and coordinates updates and retrieval. This design enables agents to persist, reason over, and accurately retrieve diverse, long-term user data at scale. We validate MIRIX in two demanding settings. First, on ScreenshotVQA, a challenging multimodal benchmark comprising nearly 20,000 high-resolution computer screenshots per sequence, requiring deep contextual understanding and where no existing memory systems can be applied, MIRIX achieves 35% higher accuracy than the RAG baseline while reducing storage requirements by 99.9%. Second, on LOCOMO, a long-form conversation benchmark with single-modal textual input, MIRIX attains state-of-the-art performance of 85.4%, far surpassing existing baselines. These results show that MIRIX sets a new performance standard for memory-augmented LLM agents. To allow users to experience our memory system, we provide a packaged application powered by MIRIX. It monitors the screen in real time, builds a personalized memory base, and offers intuitive visualization and secure local storage to ensure privacy.
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representative citing papers
ShadowMerge exploits relation-channel conflicts to poison graph-based agent memory, achieving 93.8% average attack success rate on Mem0 and real-world datasets while bypassing existing defenses.
MemEvoBench is presented as the first standardized benchmark for long-horizon memory safety in LLM agents, covering adversarial memory injection, noisy tool outputs, and biased feedback across QA and workflow tasks.
SMMBench is a benchmark evaluating multimodal agents on cross-source reasoning, conflict resolution, preference reasoning, and action prediction, showing current systems struggle with evidence distributed across heterogeneous sources.
ClawForge is a generator framework that creates reproducible executable benchmarks for command-line agents under state conflict, with ClawForge-Bench showing frontier models reach at most 45.3% strict accuracy and that state inspection drives most performance gaps.
EquiMem calibrates shared memory in multi-agent debate by computing a game-theoretic equilibrium from agent queries and paths, outperforming heuristics and LLM validators across benchmarks while remaining robust to adversarial agents.
MemCoE learns memory organization guidelines via contrastive feedback and then trains a guideline-aligned RL policy for memory updates, yielding consistent gains on personalization benchmarks.
Long-horizon enterprise AI agents' decisions decompose into four measurable axes, with benchmark experiments on six memory architectures revealing distinct weaknesses and reversing a pre-registered prediction on summarization.
PERMA is a new benchmark using temporally ordered events, text variability, and linguistic alignment to evaluate LLM memory agents on persona consistency beyond simple retrieval.
EvoDiagram uses a coordinated multi-agent system and design knowledge evolution to generate editable diagrams via canvas schema, with a new CanvasBench benchmark showing strong performance over baselines.
Auto-Dreamer trains an offline memory consolidator via GRPO on agent performance to abstract cross-session patterns, outperforming baselines by 7 points on ScienceWorld with 12x smaller memory and generalizing to ALFWorld and WebArena.
HEAR uses a stratified hypergraph ontology to orchestrate evidence-driven multi-hop reasoning over heterogeneous business systems, reaching 94.7% accuracy on supply-chain root-cause tasks with open-weight models.
δ-mem augments frozen LLMs with an 8x8 online memory state updated by delta-rule learning to generate low-rank attention corrections, delivering 1.10x average gains over the backbone and larger improvements on memory-heavy tasks.
SAGE is a self-evolving agentic graph-memory engine that dynamically constructs and refines structured memory graphs via writer-reader feedback, yielding performance gains on multi-hop QA, open-domain retrieval, and long-term agent benchmarks.
HAGE proposes a trainable weighted graph memory framework with LLM intent classification, dynamic edge modulation, and RL optimization that improves long-horizon reasoning accuracy in agentic LLMs over static baselines.
TreeMem assigns credit to agents in multi-agent memory systems by expanding outputs into a tree and using Monte Carlo averaging of final rewards to optimize each agent's policy.
RSCB-MC is a risk-sensitive contextual bandit memory controller for LLM coding agents that chooses safe actions including abstention, achieving 60.5% proxy success with 0% false positives and low latency in 200-case validation.
Agora-Opt uses decentralized debate among LLM agent teams plus a read-write memory bank to produce more accurate optimization models from text than prior LLM methods.
Deterministic Projection Memory (DPM) delivers stateless, deterministic decision memory for enterprise AI agents that matches or exceeds summarization-based approaches at tight memory budgets while improving speed, determinism, and auditability.
MemSearch-o1 mitigates memory dilution in agentic LLM search through reasoning-aligned token-level memory growth, retracing with a contribution function, and path reorganization, improving reasoning activation on benchmarks.
Decocted experience—extracting and organizing the essence from accumulated interactions—enables more effective context construction that improves test-time inference in LLM agents on math, web, and software tasks.
PersonaVLM adds memory extraction, multi-turn retrieval-based reasoning, and personality inference to multimodal LLMs, yielding 22.4% gains on a new long-term personalization benchmark and outperforming GPT-4o.
CoMAM jointly optimizes agents in multi-agent LLM memory systems via end-to-end RL and adaptive credit assignment to improve collaboration and performance.
No existing AI security framework covers a majority of the 193 identified multi-agent system threats in any category, with OWASP Agentic Security Initiative achieving the highest overall coverage at 65.3%.
citing papers explorer
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MedMemoryBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory in Personalized Healthcare
MedMemoryBench supplies a 2,000-session synthetic medical trajectory dataset and an evaluate-while-constructing streaming protocol to expose memory saturation and reasoning failures in current agent architectures for personalized healthcare.
-
ShadowMerge: A Novel Poisoning Attack on Graph-Based Agent Memory via Relation-Channel Conflicts
ShadowMerge exploits relation-channel conflicts to poison graph-based agent memory, achieving 93.8% average attack success rate on Mem0 and real-world datasets while bypassing existing defenses.
-
MemEvoBench: Benchmarking Safety Risks from Memory Misevolution in LLM Agents
MemEvoBench is presented as the first standardized benchmark for long-horizon memory safety in LLM agents, covering adversarial memory injection, noisy tool outputs, and biased feedback across QA and workflow tasks.
-
SMMBench: A Benchmark for Source-Distributed Multimodal Agent Memory
SMMBench is a benchmark evaluating multimodal agents on cross-source reasoning, conflict resolution, preference reasoning, and action prediction, showing current systems struggle with evidence distributed across heterogeneous sources.
-
ClawForge: Generating Executable Interactive Benchmarks for Command-Line Agents
ClawForge is a generator framework that creates reproducible executable benchmarks for command-line agents under state conflict, with ClawForge-Bench showing frontier models reach at most 45.3% strict accuracy and that state inspection drives most performance gaps.
-
EquiMem: Calibrating Shared Memory in Multi-Agent Debate via Game-Theoretic Equilibrium
EquiMem calibrates shared memory in multi-agent debate by computing a game-theoretic equilibrium from agent queries and paths, outperforming heuristics and LLM validators across benchmarks while remaining robust to adversarial agents.
-
Learning How and What to Memorize: Cognition-Inspired Two-Stage Optimization for Evolving Memory
MemCoE learns memory organization guidelines via contrastive feedback and then trains a guideline-aligned RL policy for memory updates, yielding consistent gains on personalization benchmarks.
-
Four-Axis Decision Alignment for Long-Horizon Enterprise AI Agents
Long-horizon enterprise AI agents' decisions decompose into four measurable axes, with benchmark experiments on six memory architectures revealing distinct weaknesses and reversing a pre-registered prediction on summarization.
-
PERMA: Benchmarking Personalized Memory Agents via Event-Driven Preference and Realistic Task Environments
PERMA is a new benchmark using temporally ordered events, text variability, and linguistic alignment to evaluate LLM memory agents on persona consistency beyond simple retrieval.
-
EvoDiagram: Agentic Editable Diagram Creation via Design Expertise Evolution
EvoDiagram uses a coordinated multi-agent system and design knowledge evolution to generate editable diagrams via canvas schema, with a new CanvasBench benchmark showing strong performance over baselines.
-
Auto-Dreamer: Learning Offline Memory Consolidation for Language Agents
Auto-Dreamer trains an offline memory consolidator via GRPO on agent performance to abstract cross-session patterns, outperforming baselines by 7 points on ScienceWorld with 12x smaller memory and generalizing to ALFWorld and WebArena.
-
Hypergraph Enterprise Agentic Reasoner over Heterogeneous Business Systems
HEAR uses a stratified hypergraph ontology to orchestrate evidence-driven multi-hop reasoning over heterogeneous business systems, reaching 94.7% accuracy on supply-chain root-cause tasks with open-weight models.
-
$\delta$-mem: Efficient Online Memory for Large Language Models
δ-mem augments frozen LLMs with an 8x8 online memory state updated by delta-rule learning to generate low-rank attention corrections, delivering 1.10x average gains over the backbone and larger improvements on memory-heavy tasks.
-
SAGE: A Self-Evolving Agentic Graph-Memory Engine for Structure-Aware Associative Memory
SAGE is a self-evolving agentic graph-memory engine that dynamically constructs and refines structured memory graphs via writer-reader feedback, yielding performance gains on multi-hop QA, open-domain retrieval, and long-term agent benchmarks.
-
HAGE: Harnessing Agentic Memory via RL-Driven Weighted Graph Evolution
HAGE proposes a trainable weighted graph memory framework with LLM intent classification, dynamic edge modulation, and RL optimization that improves long-horizon reasoning accuracy in agentic LLMs over static baselines.
-
Tree-based Credit Assignment for Multi-Agent Memory System
TreeMem assigns credit to agents in multi-agent memory systems by expanding outputs into a tree and using Monte Carlo averaging of final rewards to optimize each agent's policy.
-
Learning When to Remember: Risk-Sensitive Contextual Bandits for Abstention-Aware Memory Retrieval in LLM-Based Coding Agents
RSCB-MC is a risk-sensitive contextual bandit memory controller for LLM coding agents that chooses safe actions including abstention, achieving 60.5% proxy success with 0% false positives and low latency in 200-case validation.
-
From Soliloquy to Agora: Memory-Enhanced LLM Agents with Decentralized Debate for Optimization Modeling
Agora-Opt uses decentralized debate among LLM agent teams plus a read-write memory bank to produce more accurate optimization models from text than prior LLM methods.
-
Stateless Decision Memory for Enterprise AI Agents
Deterministic Projection Memory (DPM) delivers stateless, deterministic decision memory for enterprise AI agents that matches or exceeds summarization-based approaches at tight memory budgets while improving speed, determinism, and auditability.
-
MemSearch-o1: Empowering Large Language Models with Reasoning-Aligned Memory Growth in Agentic Search
MemSearch-o1 mitigates memory dilution in agentic LLM search through reasoning-aligned token-level memory growth, retracing with a contribution function, and path reorganization, improving reasoning activation on benchmarks.
-
Decocted Experience Improves Test-Time Inference in LLM Agents
Decocted experience—extracting and organizing the essence from accumulated interactions—enables more effective context construction that improves test-time inference in LLM agents on math, web, and software tasks.
-
PersonaVLM: Long-Term Personalized Multimodal LLMs
PersonaVLM adds memory extraction, multi-turn retrieval-based reasoning, and personality inference to multimodal LLMs, yielding 22.4% gains on a new long-term personalization benchmark and outperforming GPT-4o.
-
Joint Optimization of Multi-agent Memory System
CoMAM jointly optimizes agents in multi-agent LLM memory systems via end-to-end RL and adaptive credit assignment to improve collaboration and performance.
-
Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems
No existing AI security framework covers a majority of the 193 identified multi-agent system threats in any category, with OWASP Agentic Security Initiative achieving the highest overall coverage at 65.3%.
-
HyMem: Hybrid Memory Architecture with Dynamic Retrieval Scheduling
HyMem introduces dual-granular memory storage with a lightweight summary module for fast responses and selective activation of a deep LLM module for complex queries, outperforming full-context baselines by 92.6% lower computational cost on LOCOMO and LongMemEval benchmarks.
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Holos: A Web-Scale LLM-Based Multi-Agent System for the Agentic Web
Holos is a five-layer LLM-based multi-agent system architecture using the Nuwa engine for agent generation, a market-driven Orchestrator for coordination, and an endogenous value cycle for incentive-compatible persistence in the Agentic Web.
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Evo-Memory: Benchmarking LLM Agent Test-time Learning with Self-Evolving Memory
Evo-Memory is a new streaming benchmark and evaluation framework for self-evolving memory in LLM agents, unifying over ten memory modules and introducing the ReMem pipeline for continual improvement on multi-turn and reasoning datasets.
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Code as Agent Harness
A survey that organizes existing work on LLM-based agents around code as the central harness, structured in three layers of interfaces, mechanisms, and multi-agent scaling, with applications across domains and listed open challenges.
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PyraVid: Hierarchical Multimodal Memory for Long-Horizon Video Reasoning
PyraVid is a hierarchical multimodal memory system that structures long videos into pyramids to improve long-horizon reasoning and evidence aggregation.
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Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering
LLM agent progress depends on externalizing cognitive functions into memory, skills, protocols, and harness engineering that coordinates them reliably.
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What Deserves Memory: Adaptive Memory Distillation for LLM Agents
NEMORI is an adaptive memory distillation framework for LLM agents that transforms raw interactions into narratives and extracts insights via prediction error to decide what deserves retention.
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MemOS: A Memory OS for AI System
MemOS introduces a unified memory management framework for LLMs using MemCubes to handle and evolve different memory types for improved controllability and evolvability.
- CogniFold: Always-On Proactive Memory via Cognitive Folding