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Detecting the Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background with the Big Bang Observer
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abstract
The detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) was one of the most important cosmological discoveries of the last century. With the development of interferometric gravitational wave detectors, we may be in a position to detect the gravitational equivalent of the CMB in this century. The Cosmic Gravitational Background (CGB) is likely to be isotropic and stochastic, making it difficult to distinguish from instrument noise. The contribution from the CGB can be isolated by cross-correlating the signals from two or more independent detectors. Here we extend previous studies that considered the cross-correlation of two Michelson channels by calculating the optimal signal to noise ratio that can be achieved by combining the full set of interferometry variables that are available with a six link triangular interferometer. In contrast to the two channel case, we find that the relative orientation of a pair of coplanar detectors does not affect the signal to noise ratio. We apply our results to the detector design described in the Big Bang Observer (BBO) mission concept study and find that BBO could detect a background with $\Omega_{gw} > 2.2 \times 10^{-17}$.
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Showing 60 of 66 Pith papers that cite this
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Gravitational Waves from Superconducting Cosmic Strings
Lattice simulations show the gravitational-wave spectrum from superconducting cosmic strings develops a coupling-dependent suppression at high frequencies, distinguishing them from ordinary Abelian–Higgs strings.
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Primary gravitational waves at high frequencies II: Emergence of the exponential cut-off in the power spectrum
For infinitely differentiable effective potentials describing the post-inflation transition, the regularized power spectrum of primary gravitational waves exhibits exponential suppression at small scales.
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Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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Cosmic superstrings in large volume compactifications: PTAs, LISA and time-varying tension
Cosmic superstrings with a time-varying tension in large-volume string compactifications generically predict a LISA-band spectral drop and a high-frequency f^4 boost, encoding the mass and decay of the volume modulus.
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Gravitational Waves of GUT Phase Transition during Inflation
A general deformation function maps gravitational wave spectra from phase transitions during inflation into today's spectrum; for GUT-scale transitions the peak can appear near 10 Hz or mHz.
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Gravitational Waves From Dark Binaries With Finite-Range Dark Forces
A finite-range dark force between dark-matter binaries sharpens and enhances the predicted gravitational wave background, adding knee features tied to the mediator mass.
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New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
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Consistent Thermal Resummation and Phase Transitions with 2PI Methods
A 2PI-Hartree effective potential for two mixing scalars is renormalized and used to show that self-consistent thermal resummation can substantially alter predicted phase transition strengths and gravitational wave spectra.
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High-frequency gravitational waves from axion inflation in the weak-backreaction regime
Even in the weak-backreaction regime, axion inflation produces high-frequency primordial gravitational waves many orders of magnitude above the vacuum spectrum, peaking around MHz–GHz.
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Detecting Cosmological Stasis with Future Gravitational Wave Observatories
Future detectors, BBO in particular, could detect the gravitational-wave imprint of a cosmological stasis epoch across much of its parameter space; known particle-physics transitions would add fixed calibration steps.
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Leptogenesis with sub-electroweak-scale reheating temperature
Leptogenesis remains viable for reheating temperatures below sphaleron freeze-out in three perturbative monomial-inflaton scenarios, with blue-tilted primordial GWs as a potential probe.
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Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall
Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.
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Phase Transitions and Gravitational Wave Production at the End of Thermal Inflation
The end of thermal inflation proceeds by nucleating true-vacuum bubbles rather than by global phase mixing, and the resulting gravitational-wave background can reach BBO and DECIGO sensitivities for low flaton mass sc...
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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Simulating first-order phase transition during inflation
A GUT-scale first-order phase transition embedded in Starobinsky inflation completes near the end of inflation, and lattice simulations confirm the predicted oscillatory gravitational-wave signal.
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Gravitational Waves from Confinement in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills Theory
For pure SU(N) Yang-Mills dark sectors, confinement transitions produce gravitational waves too weak for LISA, ET, CE, DECIGO or BBO, with peak amplitude at N≈20 and a large-N decay h²Ω_peak ∝ N^{-14/3}.
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Burdening (or not) gravitational waves in the presence of primordial black holes
A single gravitational wave template combining inflaton and evaporating primordial black hole sources, with and without memory burden, yields new frequency-ratio signatures for testing black hole evaporation.
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Minimal Multi-Majoron Model
The minimal multi-Majoron model is a UV-complete seesaw framework in which two Majoron VEVs set hierarchical right-handed neutrino masses and generate a combined cosmic-string and first-order-transition gravitational ...
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Gravitational wave signatures of primordial black hole accretion during early matter domination
PBHs that form in a radiation era and accrete during an early matter era could produce a two-peak GW background detectable by LISA or BBO for asteroid-mass PBHs as all of dark matter.
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Unveiling the inert Triplet desert region with a pNGB Dark Matter and its Gravitational Wave signatures
A two-component dark matter model combining an inert scalar triplet with a pseudo-Goldstone singlet revives the sub-TeV triplet desert region and predicts gravitational waves detectable by LISA, BBO, and DECIGO.
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Imprints of Large-Scale Structures in the Anisotropies of the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background
The cosmological gravitational wave background is predicted to cross-correlate with galaxy positions through the late integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, giving a source-discrimination handle and a forecast improvement of ...
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Complementary Probes of Warped Extra Dimension: Colliders, Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Phase Transitions
In Randall-Sundrum warped extra dimension models, the supercooled radion phase transition can form primordial black holes that account for all of dark matter for IR scales 10 TeV to 10^4 TeV, with correlated gravitati...
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Axion misalignment with memory-burdened PBH
Axion dark matter parameter space shifts dramatically when kinetic misalignment and memory-burdened primordial black hole evaporation are combined.
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Prospecting bipartite Dark Matter through Gravitational Waves
A two-component dark matter model with an inert triplet scalar and a singlet fermion can explain the relic abundance while producing a strong electroweak phase transition and gravitational wave signals detectable by L...
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Estimating the gravitational wave background anisotropy: a Bayesian approach boosted by cross-correlation angular power spectrum
A new likelihood function estimates GWB anisotropy angular power spectra directly from detector data, and cross-correlation with the CMB can make the quadrupole measurable with four years of LISA data.
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Meson spectroscopy in the $Sp(4)$ gauge theory with three antisymmetric fermions
Lattice simulations of Sp(4) with three antisymmetric Dirac fermions find QCD-like confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, and provide a first continuum-extrapolated meson spectrum.
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Gravitational Waves from Metastable Cosmic Strings in Supersymmetric New Inflation Model
A supersymmetric new inflation model with a two-step SU(2) to U(1) to nothing symmetry breaking yields metastable cosmic strings with GUT-scale tension, able to match the PTA signal while evading LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA cons...
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Gravitational Waves as a Probe of Left-Right Symmetry Breaking
With one scalar coupling tuned to about 10^-3, the minimal left-right symmetric model predicts a first-order phase transition whose gravitational waves could be seen by LISA and other planned space interferometers.
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A Non-Holomorphic Modular $A_4$ Framework for Resonant Leptogenesis with Gravitational Wave Signatures
A non-holomorphic modular A4 seesaw model yields quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos, enabling resonant leptogenesis at ~10^6 GeV and a double-peaked gravitational-wave signature.
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PBH formation and Gravitational Waves as Multi-messenger Signals of First-order Phase Transitions
False-vacuum collapse during first-order phase transitions can form PBHs and emit GWs across a broad parameter range, and MeV-scale classically conformal U(1)_{B-L} symmetry breaking has the largest region where both ...
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Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Inflationary Cosmology in Phase-$\theta$ Formalism
Phase-θ formalism maps EGB inflation backgrounds to closed-form observables beyond slow-roll; Starobinsky+linear-GB fits ACT DR6 ns and r while predicting a DECIGO-accessible GW plateau.
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Gravitational Wave Signatures of Cosmological Stasis: A Unified Spectral Template
Any constant-w stasis epoch imprints a closed-form IGWB template whose tilt α and amplitude step C² must lie on a single falsifiable consistency curve C²(α), resolvable by BBO/DECIGO.
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Natural Supercooling and Reheating along Supersymmetric Flat Directions and Observable Gravitational Waves at the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability allows narrow curvature spectra to exponentially suppress primordial black hole overproduction via correlation coefficient ρ approaching -1 while retaining s...
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CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
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Probing Bose-enhanced Inflaton Decay with Gravitational Waves
Bose enhancement from a transient condensate of inflaton decay products dramatically increases decay efficiency and amplifies stochastic gravitational wave production to potentially observable levels.
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Electroweak phase transition in SMEFT: Gravitational wave and collider complementarity
Strong first-order electroweak phase transitions in dimension-6 SMEFT can be probed by future gravitational wave detectors and by di-Higgs production at the HL/HE-LHC, with correlated sensitivity regions.
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Primary gravitational waves at high frequencies I: Origin of suppression in the power spectrum
Adiabatic regularization combined with smoothed transitions suppresses the high-frequency oscillations in the power spectrum of primary gravitational waves about a zero mean.
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Searching Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Landscape Across Frequency Bands
A hybrid cosmic string–domain wall model can fit the NANOGrav 15-year signal, and its high-frequency tail lies within LISA's projected reach, making the interpretation testable.
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Finite-temperature Yang-Mills theories with the density of states method: towards the continuum limit
Density-of-states lattice study of the first-order phase transition in Sp(4) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature, confirming metastability and surface tension for two temporal extents toward the continuum limit.
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Cogenesis of baryon and lepton number asymmetries matching the EMPRESS Data
A U(1)_{B-L} flaton decay chain can produce both a large positive electron-neutrino asymmetry and the observed baryon asymmetry, with values matching EMPRESS and BBN for a symmetry-breaking scale around 10^10 GeV.
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.
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The Magnetic Origin of Primordial Black Holes: A Viable Dark Matter Scenario
Primordial black holes formed from magnetically induced density fluctuations could explain all dark matter, but only in a finely tuned parameter window.
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Magnetogenesis from Sawtooth Coupling: Gravitational Wave Probe of Reheating
A sawtooth coupling active during reheating can generate blue-tilted magnetic fields whose secondary gravitational waves peak at nanohertz to millihertz frequencies.
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Primordial Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions during Reheating
Phase transitions happening during reheating can produce gravitational-wave signals that are delayed, prolonged, and shifted in amplitude and frequency by orders of magnitude compared with standard cosmology.
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Dark clouds to silver linings over the hyperchargeless scalar triplets
Under current constraints, the inert triplet model is insufficient for dark matter and for a first-order phase transition, while the non-inert triplet model retains a narrow 150 to 275 GeV window for a strong two-step...
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Relic gravitational waves from primordial gravitational collapses
Sound shell collisions from Hubble-scale primordial density perturbations generate a stochastic GW background whose peak frequency and amplitude scale with the Hubble horizon and shell abundance.
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Gravitational waves from metastable cosmic strings in the delayed scaling scenario
Metastable cosmic strings with delayed scaling can explain the PTA gravitational wave background with tension up to Gmu ~ 3e-5 while evading LVK bounds, producing a plateau and an f^-1/3 tail detectable by future inte...
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Non-Standard Thermal History and Formation of Primordial Black Holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
A tuned Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflation model can create primordial black holes from asteroid-sized to tens of solar masses and secondary gravitational waves, with abundances that change dramatically in a stiff post-i...
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Gravitational wave and dark matter from Axion-Higgs string
Lattice simulations show axion and axion-Higgs strings produce gravitational waves too weak for current pulsar timing arrays once dark matter overproduction is taken into account.
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Leptogenesis in Brane-modified cosmology: Signatures in primordial gravitational waves
With one or two stiff kination epochs before radiation domination, vanilla leptogenesis can produce the observed baryon asymmetry while imprinting a blue-tilted gravitational-wave spectrum, leaving a small DECIGO-visi...
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Monopoles, Strings, Walls and Gravitational waves
Breaking SU(2) flavor gauge symmetry stepwise to nothing leaves monopoles, strings, and walls; collapsing walls can form composite strings whose gravitational-wave spectra fit PTA data and lie within reach of LVK and ...
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From WIMP to FIMP during reheating: collider vs non-collider probes for p-wave annihilation
Collider experiments can strongly constrain p-wave-suppressed derivative operators and thereby limit reheating temperature, DM mass, and interaction scale needed to match observed DM abundance during reheating.
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Gravitational Waves from Post-Inflationary Magnetism: Direct and Scalar-Induced Contributions
In a post-inflationary magnetogenesis scenario with time-dependent gauge couplings, magnetic anisotropic stress dominates peak GW amplitude while scalar-induced terms matter on larger scales, both showing f^3 infrared...
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Magnetic monopoles and high frequency gravitational waves from quasi-stable strings
SO(10) breaking through flipped SU(5) or Pati-Salam subgroups can produce GUT monopoles from merging monopole-antimonopole pairs, while the intervening quasi-stable strings emit gravitational waves from Hz to kHz.
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Revisiting Singlet Fermion Dark Matter with a Scalar Portal: Connecting Higgs Phenomenology and Strong Electroweak Phase Transition
In a no-VEV singlet scalar + singlet fermion dark matter extension of the SM, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, the observed dark matter relic density, and collider/direct-detection constraints can co...
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Probing Leptophobic Dark Sectors via Gravitational Wave Signatures
A gauged U(1)_B extension of the Standard Model is claimed to produce observable gravitational waves from a first-order phase transition, with dark matter around 8-12 TeV.
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Gamma-Rays and Gravitational Waves from Inelastic Higgs Portal Dark Matter
An inelastic complex-scalar Higgs portal dark matter model can evade direct detection, explain the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess, and produce a first-order electroweak phase transition with a gravitational wave sig...
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Waterfall phase in supersymmetric hybrid inflation
Waterfall-phase e-foldings in R-symmetric SUSY hybrid inflation can produce a PTA-compatible scalar-induced gravitational wave background and, in SU(5), dilute monopoles to observable levels.
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Primordial Gravitational Waves as Complementary Probe of Dark Matter Indirect Detection
The paper forecasts that future gravitational wave observatories could infer dark matter mass and annihilation cross-section from early matter-domination suppressions in the inflationary gravitational wave spectrum, c...
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