PandaX-4T reports the first direct spectral search for scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions in 136Xe double beta decay, setting new upper limits for mediator masses below 2 MeV/c².
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Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
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We present an improved determination of the Hubble constant (H0) from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of 70 long-period Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud. These were obtained with the same WFC3 photometric system used to measure Cepheids in the hosts of Type Ia supernovae. Gyroscopic control of HST was employed to reduce overheads while collecting a large sample of widely-separated Cepheids. The Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation provides a zeropoint-free link with 0.4% precision between the new 1.2% geometric distance to the LMC from Detached Eclipsing Binaries (DEBs) measured by Pietrzynski et al (2019) and the luminosity of SNe Ia. Measurements and analysis of the LMC Cepheids were completed prior to knowledge of the new LMC distance. Combined with a refined calibration of the count-rate linearity of WFC3-IR with 0.1% precision (Riess et al 2019), these three improved elements together reduce the full uncertainty in the LMC geometric calibration of the Cepheid distance ladder from 2.5% to 1.3%. Using only the LMC DEBs to calibrate the ladder we find H0=74.22 +/- 1.82 km/s/Mpc including systematic uncertainties, 3% higher than before for this particular anchor. Combining the LMC DEBs, masers in NGC 4258 and Milky Way parallaxes yields our best estimate: H0 = 74.03 +/- 1.42 km/s/Mpc, including systematics, an uncertainty of 1.91%---15% lower than our best previous result. Removing any one of these anchors changes H0 by < 0.7%. The difference between H0 measured locally and the value inferred from Planck CMB+LCDM is 6.6+/-1.5 km/s/Mpc or 4.4 sigma (P=99.999% for Gaussian errors) in significance, raising the discrepancy beyond a plausible level of chance. We summarize independent tests which show this discrepancy is not readily attributable to an error in any one source or measurement, increasing the odds that it results from a cosmological feature beyond LambdaCDM.
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representative citing papers
Extending to wCDM mainly suppresses the leading Planck Fisher eigenvalue to 2.7% of its LambdaCDM value with only modest eigenmode rotation, while late-time data adds curvature that limits tension relief.
Using simultaneous modeling of continuum lag-spectrum and broadband SED of Fairall 9 with the H0RIZON-AGN model, the authors obtain H0 = 72.4_{-3.7}^{+3.4} km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}.
Damped harmonic oscillator dark energy EoS fitted to CMB+BAO+BBN+chronometers+SNIa data yields H0 values reducing tension to 1.4 sigma for DESY5/Union3 while Pantheon+ prefers near-critical damping; Bayesian evidence inconclusive vs LambdaCDM.
skysurvey provides a Python framework with Target, Survey, and DataSet classes plus modeldag to simulate transient sky observations, demonstrated on Type Ia supernovae populations and ZTF DR2 replication.
Any background-inert λ in coincident f(Q) gravity degenerates with σ80 via an As-D0(λ) link, inflating σ80 to unphysical levels and raising As by 20-30% in tension with Planck unless fixed by As priors.
Super-resonant dark matter at O(100) GeV masses amplifies self-scattering and annihilation cross sections via combined resonance and Sommerfeld effects, necessitating coupled Boltzmann equations to match observed relic density.
An analytical traversable wormhole solution with positive cosmological constant is obtained via gravitational decoupling on the Ellis-Bronnikov metric, featuring a cosmological throat, verified flare-out conditions, null energy condition violation, and traversability constraints, though not yielding
SHAMe-SF modeling of small-scale DESI ELG clustering delivers 6% precision on σ8 and Ωm h², matching full DR1 results with 1% volume.
Simulations of lensed kilonovae show detection rates rise with longer minimum delay times and that AT2017gfo-like events at z=0.5 require at least 5x magnification to be detectable in LSST.
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phantom crossing.
DTDs measured for LMC Cepheids recover progenitor age ranges consistent with non-canonical period-age relations that include overshooting and rotation.
Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.
This work constructs perturbation theory for TDiff scalar fields in cosmology, analyzes pressure perturbations and adiabaticity including multi-field interaction effects, and checks stability via effective sound speed.
Derives background-hierarchy bounds for scalar, transverse-vector and tensor modes in Type 3 NGR around flat FLRW, identifying viable parameter regions where linear perturbation theory remains consistent.
Intensity interferometry can measure Red Clump star angular diameters to <1% precision in short exposures, providing independent validation for surface-brightness-color relations in the distance ladder.
JWST TRGB distances to 10 SN Ia hosts update calibrations for 11 SNe yielding H0 of 68.4-69.6 km/s/Mpc and show modest shifts when combined with prior HST data.
Re-expressing the Hubble tension via posterior-implied E(z) histories yields moderate mismatches (S_hist of 1.65 and 2.55) that correspond to only 1.1-2.1 sigma equivalents, below the usual 4.9 sigma scalar-H0 discrepancy.
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
KiDS-Legacy cosmic shear plus external probes yields S8 = 0.816 ± 0.006 in Lambda-CDM and consistent bounds on w0, wa, sum m_nu and Omega_K with no strong preference for extensions.
Bayesian evidence from DESI BAO plus CMB and SN data favors the standard CPL evolving dark energy model over both simpler constant-w and more complex higher-order extensions.
A convLSTM classifier identifies lensed SNe Ia in simulated LSST-like time series, reaching ~60% true-positive rate at O(10^{-4}) false-positive rate by the seventh epoch even after adding realistic PSF variations and foreground SN contaminants.
A 0.19 mag step in supernova absolute magnitude at 20 Mpc improves data fit and increases the Hubble constant by 2% while leaving matter density and dark energy parameters stable.
citing papers explorer
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Probing scalar-neutrino and scalar-dark-matter interactions with PandaX-4T
PandaX-4T reports the first direct spectral search for scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions in 136Xe double beta decay, setting new upper limits for mediator masses below 2 MeV/c².
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Information-Geometric Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Eigenmode Rotation and Curvature Suppression in wCDM
Extending to wCDM mainly suppresses the leading Planck Fisher eigenvalue to 2.7% of its LambdaCDM value with only modest eigenmode rotation, while late-time data adds curvature that limits tension relief.
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HALO II: Constraining Hubble constant $H_{0}$ through continuum delay fitting of Fairall 9
Using simultaneous modeling of continuum lag-spectrum and broadband SED of Fairall 9 with the H0RIZON-AGN model, the authors obtain H0 = 72.4_{-3.7}^{+3.4} km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}.
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Damped Harmonic Oscillator Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
Damped harmonic oscillator dark energy EoS fitted to CMB+BAO+BBN+chronometers+SNIa data yields H0 values reducing tension to 1.4 sigma for DESY5/Union3 while Pantheon+ prefers near-critical damping; Bayesian evidence inconclusive vs LambdaCDM.
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skysurvey: a pure python package to simulate the transient sky
skysurvey provides a Python framework with Target, Survey, and DataSet classes plus modeldag to simulate transient sky observations, demonstrated on Type Ia supernovae populations and ZTF DR2 replication.
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The Amplitude-Growth Degeneracy and Implied $A_s$ Diagnostic for Background-Inert Modified Gravity
Any background-inert λ in coincident f(Q) gravity degenerates with σ80 via an As-D0(λ) link, inflating σ80 to unphysical levels and raising As by 20-30% in tension with Planck unless fixed by As priors.
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Self-Interaction of Super-Resonant Dark Matter
Super-resonant dark matter at O(100) GeV masses amplifies self-scattering and annihilation cross sections via combined resonance and Sommerfeld effects, necessitating coupled Boltzmann equations to match observed relic density.
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Analytical solution of traversable wormholes in the presence of positive cosmological constant
An analytical traversable wormhole solution with positive cosmological constant is obtained via gravitational decoupling on the Ellis-Bronnikov metric, featuring a cosmological throat, verified flare-out conditions, null energy condition violation, and traversability constraints, though not yielding
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Cosmological constraints from the small scale clustering of Emission Line Galaxies
SHAMe-SF modeling of small-scale DESI ELG clustering delivers 6% precision on σ8 and Ωm h², matching full DR1 results with 1% volume.
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Detectability of Gravitationally Lensed Kilonovae in the Rubin LSST
Simulations of lensed kilonovae show detection rates rise with longer minimum delay times and that AT2017gfo-like events at z=0.5 require at least 5x magnification to be detectable in LSST.
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Non-minimally coupled quintessence with sign-switching interaction
A new quintessence model with non-minimal coupling produces an effective sign-switching interaction that fits current data better than LambdaCDM or w0waCDM and accounts for late-time dark energy weakening without phantom crossing.
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Connecting Stellar Population Surveys to Stellar Evolution with Delay-time Distributions: Application to LMC Classical Cepheids
DTDs measured for LMC Cepheids recover progenitor age ranges consistent with non-canonical period-age relations that include overshooting and rotation.
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Mapping the Universe as a Bianchi I cosmology with Gaia data
Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.
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Cosmological perturbations of TDiff fields
This work constructs perturbation theory for TDiff scalar fields in cosmology, analyzes pressure perturbations and adiabaticity including multi-field interaction effects, and checks stability via effective sound speed.
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Gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations in Type 3 New General Relativity and background-hierarchy bounds
Derives background-hierarchy bounds for scalar, transverse-vector and tensor modes in Type 3 NGR around flat FLRW, identifying viable parameter regions where linear perturbation theory remains consistent.
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Validating the Angular Sizes of Red Clump Stars with Intensity Interferometry
Intensity interferometry can measure Red Clump star angular diameters to <1% precision in short exposures, providing independent validation for surface-brightness-color relations in the distance ladder.
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The Chicago Carnegie Hubble Program: Improving the Calibration of SNe Ia with JWST Measurements of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
JWST TRGB distances to 10 SN Ia hosts update calibrations for 11 SNe yielding H0 of 68.4-69.6 km/s/Mpc and show modest shifts when combined with prior HST data.
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From Scalar $H_0$ to $E(z)$: A Reformulation of the Hubble Tension
Re-expressing the Hubble tension via posterior-implied E(z) histories yields moderate mismatches (S_hist of 1.65 and 2.55) that correspond to only 1.1-2.1 sigma equivalents, below the usual 4.9 sigma scalar-H0 discrepancy.
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Beyond the Cosmological Constant: Breaking the Geometric Degeneracy of $ f(Q) $ cosmology via Redshift-Space Distortions
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
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The X-ray-to-UV relation does not evolve in homogeneous quasar samples
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
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KiDS-Legacy: Constraining dark energy, neutrino mass, and curvature
KiDS-Legacy cosmic shear plus external probes yields S8 = 0.816 ± 0.006 in Lambda-CDM and consistent bounds on w0, wa, sum m_nu and Omega_K with no strong preference for extensions.
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How Complex is Dark Energy? A Bayesian Analysis of CPL Extensions with Recent DESI BAO Measurements
Bayesian evidence from DESI BAO plus CMB and SN data favors the standard CPL evolving dark energy model over both simpler constant-w and more complex higher-order extensions.
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HOLISMOKES XXI: Detecting strongly lensed type Ia supernovae from time series of multi-band LSST-like imaging data -- Part II
A convLSTM classifier identifies lensed SNe Ia in simulated LSST-like time series, reaching ~60% true-positive rate at O(10^{-4}) false-positive rate by the seventh epoch even after adding realistic PSF variations and foreground SN contaminants.
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Impact of the SNe Ia Magnitude Transition at 20 Mpc on Cosmological Parameter Estimation
A 0.19 mag step in supernova absolute magnitude at 20 Mpc improves data fit and increases the Hubble constant by 2% while leaving matter density and dark energy parameters stable.
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2020 Global reassessment of the neutrino oscillation picture
Updated global fit of neutrino oscillation data gives precise measurements of mixing parameters with a 2.5 sigma preference for normal mass ordering.
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Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
The Einstein Telescope will enable gravitational-wave observations up to cosmological distances, opening avenues for discoveries in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics.
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Testing an anisotropic spinor field--based Modified Chaplygin Gas model in Kantowski--Sachs spacetime with observational constraints
A spinor-field Modified Chaplygin Gas model in Kantowski-Sachs spacetime yields H0 of 67-68 km/s/Mpc, late-time isotropy, q0 of -0.49, and a better AIC fit than LambdaCDM.
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A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
A review of late-universe models concludes that DESI BAO plus uncalibrated supernovae data indicate the Hubble tension originates in new low-redshift physics.
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The Hubble Tension and Early Dark Energy
The Hubble tension between local and early-universe expansion-rate measurements may be resolved by early dark energy that speeds up expansion before recombination while satisfying existing constraints.
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Cosmology from multimeasure multifield model
Numerical demonstration that a revised multimeasure multifield model with effective friction can describe the entire Universe evolution from inflation to late-time constant scalar field.
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Cosmological Dynamics of Exponential Quintessence Constrained by BAO, Cosmic Chronometers, and DES-SN5YR/Pantheon+ Data
Exponential quintessence model is fitted to BAO, cosmic chronometers, and DES-SN5YR/Pantheon+ data, yielding parameter bounds and diagnostics statistically comparable to LCDM.