PandaX-4T reports the first direct spectral search for scalar-mediated neutrino self-interactions in 136Xe double beta decay, setting new upper limits for mediator masses below 2 MeV/c².
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Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
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We present an improved determination of the Hubble constant (H0) from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of 70 long-period Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud. These were obtained with the same WFC3 photometric system used to measure Cepheids in the hosts of Type Ia supernovae. Gyroscopic control of HST was employed to reduce overheads while collecting a large sample of widely-separated Cepheids. The Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation provides a zeropoint-free link with 0.4% precision between the new 1.2% geometric distance to the LMC from Detached Eclipsing Binaries (DEBs) measured by Pietrzynski et al (2019) and the luminosity of SNe Ia. Measurements and analysis of the LMC Cepheids were completed prior to knowledge of the new LMC distance. Combined with a refined calibration of the count-rate linearity of WFC3-IR with 0.1% precision (Riess et al 2019), these three improved elements together reduce the full uncertainty in the LMC geometric calibration of the Cepheid distance ladder from 2.5% to 1.3%. Using only the LMC DEBs to calibrate the ladder we find H0=74.22 +/- 1.82 km/s/Mpc including systematic uncertainties, 3% higher than before for this particular anchor. Combining the LMC DEBs, masers in NGC 4258 and Milky Way parallaxes yields our best estimate: H0 = 74.03 +/- 1.42 km/s/Mpc, including systematics, an uncertainty of 1.91%---15% lower than our best previous result. Removing any one of these anchors changes H0 by < 0.7%. The difference between H0 measured locally and the value inferred from Planck CMB+LCDM is 6.6+/-1.5 km/s/Mpc or 4.4 sigma (P=99.999% for Gaussian errors) in significance, raising the discrepancy beyond a plausible level of chance. We summarize independent tests which show this discrepancy is not readily attributable to an error in any one source or measurement, increasing the odds that it results from a cosmological feature beyond LambdaCDM.
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Any background-inert λ in coincident f(Q) gravity degenerates with σ80 via an As-D0(λ) link, inflating σ80 to unphysical levels and raising As by 20-30% in tension with Planck unless fixed by As priors.
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Re-expressing the Hubble tension via posterior-implied E(z) histories yields moderate mismatches (S_hist of 1.65 and 2.55) that correspond to only 1.1-2.1 sigma equivalents, below the usual 4.9 sigma scalar-H0 discrepancy.
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
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Information-Geometric Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Eigenmode Rotation and Curvature Suppression in wCDM
Extending to wCDM mainly suppresses the leading Planck Fisher eigenvalue to 2.7% of its LambdaCDM value with only modest eigenmode rotation, while late-time data adds curvature that limits tension relief.
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Analytical solution of traversable wormholes in the presence of positive cosmological constant
An analytical traversable wormhole solution with positive cosmological constant is obtained via gravitational decoupling on the Ellis-Bronnikov metric, featuring a cosmological throat, verified flare-out conditions, null energy condition violation, and traversability constraints, though not yielding
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Impact of the SNe Ia Magnitude Transition at 20 Mpc on Cosmological Parameter Estimation
A 0.19 mag step in supernova absolute magnitude at 20 Mpc improves data fit and increases the Hubble constant by 2% while leaving matter density and dark energy parameters stable.
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Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
The Einstein Telescope will enable gravitational-wave observations up to cosmological distances, opening avenues for discoveries in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics.
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Testing an anisotropic spinor field--based Modified Chaplygin Gas model in Kantowski--Sachs spacetime with observational constraints
A spinor-field Modified Chaplygin Gas model in Kantowski-Sachs spacetime yields H0 of 67-68 km/s/Mpc, late-time isotropy, q0 of -0.49, and a better AIC fit than LambdaCDM.
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A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
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The Hubble Tension and Early Dark Energy
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Cosmological Dynamics of Exponential Quintessence Constrained by BAO, Cosmic Chronometers, and DES-SN5YR/Pantheon+ Data
Exponential quintessence model is fitted to BAO, cosmic chronometers, and DES-SN5YR/Pantheon+ data, yielding parameter bounds and diagnostics statistically comparable to LCDM.