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PennyLane: Automatic differentiation of hybrid quantum-classical computations

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118 Pith papers citing it
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abstract

PennyLane is a Python 3 software framework for differentiable programming of quantum computers. The library provides a unified architecture for near-term quantum computing devices, supporting both qubit and continuous-variable paradigms. PennyLane's core feature is the ability to compute gradients of variational quantum circuits in a way that is compatible with classical techniques such as backpropagation. PennyLane thus extends the automatic differentiation algorithms common in optimization and machine learning to include quantum and hybrid computations. A plugin system makes the framework compatible with any gate-based quantum simulator or hardware. We provide plugins for hardware providers including the Xanadu Cloud, Amazon Braket, and IBM Quantum, allowing PennyLane optimizations to be run on publicly accessible quantum devices. On the classical front, PennyLane interfaces with accelerated machine learning libraries such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, JAX, and Autograd. PennyLane can be used for the optimization of variational quantum eigensolvers, quantum approximate optimization, quantum machine learning models, and many other applications.

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  • abstract PennyLane is a Python 3 software framework for differentiable programming of quantum computers. The library provides a unified architecture for near-term quantum computing devices, supporting both qubit and continuous-variable paradigms. PennyLane's core feature is the ability to compute gradients of variational quantum circuits in a way that is compatible with classical techniques such as backpropagation. PennyLane thus extends the automatic differentiation algorithms common in optimization and machine learning to include quantum and hybrid computations. A plugin system makes the framework co

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Halving the cost of QROM

quant-ph · 2026-05-19 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

New SelectCopy architecture and qubit-constrained optimizations reduce QROM Toffoli cost from ~2N/λ to ~(1 + 1/b)N/λ while preserving the ability to trade dirty qubits for lower gate count.

Gated QKAN-FWP: Scalable Quantum-inspired Sequence Learning

cs.LG · 2026-05-07 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Gated QKAN-FWP combines fast weight programming with quantum-inspired Kolmogorov-Arnold networks via single-qubit DARUAN activations and gated updates to deliver a 12.5k-parameter model that outperforms larger classical RNNs on long-horizon solar forecasting while running on NISQ devices.

Architecture-aware Unitary Synthesis

quant-ph · 2026-04-26 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

A new method for unitary synthesis on quantum hardware cuts CNOT gates by up to 36% and compiles up to 553 times faster than standard tools on square and heavy-hex lattices.

A hardware efficient quantum residual neural network without post-selection

quant-ph · 2026-04-08 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

A quantum residual neural network using deterministic mixtures of identity and variational unitaries to enable post-selection-free residual learning with 10x fewer gates and reported accuracies of 99% binary and 80% multi-class on image datasets.

Quantum Masked Autoencoders for Vision Learning

quant-ph · 2025-11-21 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Quantum masked autoencoders reconstruct masked MNIST-family images in quantum states and achieve 12.86% higher average classification accuracy than prior quantum autoencoders under masking.

SoK: Critical Evaluation of Quantum Machine Learning for Adversarial Robustness

cs.CR · 2025-11-19 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0 · 2 refs

The paper delivers the first comprehensive systematization of adversarial robustness in QML with new empirical tests showing an accuracy-robustness trade-off, amplitude encoding's vulnerability, and QML's greater susceptibility to evasion attacks than classical models.

Cobble: Compiling Block Encodings for Quantum Computational Linear Algebra

cs.PL · 2025-11-03 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Cobble is a domain-specific language for quantum block encodings that compiles high-level matrix expressions to optimized circuits using analyses and quantum singular value transformation, achieving 2.6x-25.4x speedups over unoptimized baselines on benchmarks.

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