An exact analytic metric is constructed for rotating black holes embedded in generic dark matter halos with a central density spike that vanishes beyond a truncation radius near the horizon, generalizing prior spherical solutions.
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A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
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abstract
We use high-resolution N-body simulations to study the equilibrium density profiles of dark matter halos in hierarchically clustering universes. We find that all such profiles have the same shape, independent of halo mass, of initial density fluctuation spectrum, and of the values of the cosmological parameters. Spherically averaged equilibrium profiles are well fit over two decades in radius by a simple formula originally proposed to describe the structure of galaxy clusters in a cold dark matter universe. In any particular cosmology the two scale parameters of the fit, the halo mass and its characteristic density, are strongly correlated. Low-mass halos are significantly denser than more massive systems, a correlation which reflects the higher collapse redshift of small halos. The characteristic density of an equilibrium halo is proportional to the density of the universe at the time it was assembled. A suitable definition of this assembly time allows the same proportionality constant to be used for all the cosmologies that we have tested. We compare our results to previous work on halo density profiles and show that there is good agreement. We also provide a step-by-step analytic procedure, based on the Press-Schechter formalism, which allows accurate equilibrium profiles to be calculated as a function of mass in any hierarchical model.
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representative citing papers
First near-IR weak-lensing analysis of CANDELS fields detects 12 shear-selected overdensities with masses 0.2-2.2 x 10^14 solar masses at redshifts 0.22-0.9 and mean z=0.68.
Primordial black hole evaporation generates light fermionic dark matter capable of producing electron recoils in XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T, enabling new constraints on DM-electron interactions after including Earth attenuation effects.
Non-equilibrium relativistic SIDM halo collapse produces seed black holes of mass ~3e-8 of the halo mass at apparent horizon formation.
Prompt cusps delay core formation by a factor of ~2 in SIDM halos but later collapse tracks align after rescaling, with ~5% late-stage deviations depending on concentration and outer velocity dispersion.
Cosmic ray protons scattering off dark matter produce the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess through inelastic up-scattering followed by decay or direct elastic 2-to-3 photon production.
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
KiLeR combines shear ratios with kinematic intrinsic shapes to mitigate first-order lensing systematics and forecasts a 192% improvement in dark energy constraints from the Roman telescope.
Self-interacting dark matter increases the Euler characteristic of the reionization ionization field by 60-70% for cross-sections above 2 cm2/g through changes in ionizing source populations.
NIHAO simulations reproduce the Rd-r0 relation and its mild evolution from z=2 to z=0 through stellar feedback without dark matter modifications.
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
A novel quantity derived from GW signals encodes the density profile of dark dense environments around black holes, allowing characterization of the condensate type and DM properties via multi-wavelength observations.
Axion dark matter decay injects 1-13.6 eV photons that suppress H2, enabling atomic cooling halos and direct collapse black hole seeds for axion masses 24.5-26.5 eV and couplings down to 4e-12/GeV.
Stellar gravitational heating reduces dark matter spike overdensities by 2-4 orders of magnitude and drives the inner slope to γ_χ ≈ 1.5 within a few Gyrs, remaining above NFW cusps.
Core-collapsed SIDM halos produce longer FRB image time delays than CDM halos, enabling future surveys to constrain self-interaction cross sections above roughly 18-40 cm²/g depending on collapse timing.
Validates redshift-space power spectrum and bispectrum analysis on Abacus-PNG mocks to recover unbiased f_NL constraints for Euclid spectroscopic sample.
A subhalo of M200 = 2.78e10 solar masses and concentration 30 is detected at 5.8 sigma in PJ011646 via ALMA imaging and grid-based NFW search after fitting an elliptical power-law plus multipole macromodel.
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
A dark QCD model with a first-order phase transition at 5-6 MeV produces the NANOGrav SGWB amplitude while supplying self-interacting dark matter via a 40 GeV baryon and 20-50 MeV dilaton, linked by entropy dilution.
A gauged U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} model generates nearly degenerate Majorana dark matter whose self-interactions via a light scalar mediator set the relic density, resolve core-cusp anomalies, and fit LZ direct detection plus muon g-2 bounds.
UHE neutrino flux is attenuated by DM scatterings in intergalactic and galactic media, enabling cross-section limits from events like KM3230213A under mild astrophysical assumptions.
N-body simulations with Arepo calibrate the β parameter in the SIDM gravothermal model, showing it is independent of cross-section, concentration, and mass for velocity-independent scattering, and introduce an effective β model for the long-mean-free-path regime.
citing papers explorer
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A metric solution for rotating black holes embedded in dark matter halos with central spikes
An exact analytic metric is constructed for rotating black holes embedded in generic dark matter halos with a central density spike that vanishes beyond a truncation radius near the horizon, generalizing prior spherical solutions.
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Near-IR Weak-lensing (NIRWL) Measurements in the CANDELS Fields. II. Mass Mapping and Overdensity Characterization
First near-IR weak-lensing analysis of CANDELS fields detects 12 shear-selected overdensities with masses 0.2-2.2 x 10^14 solar masses at redshifts 0.22-0.9 and mean z=0.68.
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Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints
Primordial black hole evaporation generates light fermionic dark matter capable of producing electron recoils in XENONnT, LZ, and PandaX-4T, enabling new constraints on DM-electron interactions after including Earth attenuation effects.
-
Non-Equilibrium Relativistic Core Collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos -- Limits On Seed Black Hole Mass
Non-equilibrium relativistic SIDM halo collapse produces seed black holes of mass ~3e-8 of the halo mass at apparent horizon formation.
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Role of prompt cusps in driving the core collapse of SIDM halos
Prompt cusps delay core formation by a factor of ~2 in SIDM halos but later collapse tracks align after rescaling, with ~5% late-stage deviations depending on concentration and outer velocity dispersion.
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Producing the GeV Galactic Center Excess via Cosmic Ray-Dark Matter Scattering
Cosmic ray protons scattering off dark matter produce the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess through inelastic up-scattering followed by decay or direct elastic 2-to-3 photon production.
-
Axial tidal Love numbers of black holes in matter environments
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
-
Kinematic Lensing Ratio: Reviving Weak Lensing Cosmography as a Geometric Dark Energy Probe
KiLeR combines shear ratios with kinematic intrinsic shapes to mitigate first-order lensing systematics and forecasts a 192% improvement in dark energy constraints from the Roman telescope.
-
Reionization Topology as a Probe of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
Self-interacting dark matter increases the Euler characteristic of the reionization ionization field by 60-70% for cross-sections above 2 cm2/g through changes in ionizing source populations.
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Feedback driven interactions between dark and luminous matter to explain tight galaxy scaling relations
NIHAO simulations reproduce the Rd-r0 relation and its mild evolution from z=2 to z=0 through stellar feedback without dark matter modifications.
-
Scalar-Mediated Inelastic Dark Matter as a Solution to Small-Scale Structure Anomalies
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
-
Extracting Properties of Dark Dense Environments around Black Holes from Gravitational Waves
A novel quantity derived from GW signals encodes the density profile of dark dense environments around black holes, allowing characterization of the condensate type and DM properties via multi-wavelength observations.
-
Direct Collapse Black Hole Candidates from Decaying Dark Matter
Axion dark matter decay injects 1-13.6 eV photons that suppress H2, enabling atomic cooling halos and direct collapse black hole seeds for axion masses 24.5-26.5 eV and couplings down to 4e-12/GeV.
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Formation and Redshift Evolution of Dark Matter Spikes
Stellar gravitational heating reduces dark matter spike overdensities by 2-4 orders of magnitude and drives the inner slope to γ_χ ≈ 1.5 within a few Gyrs, remaining above NFW cusps.
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Probing Collapsed Dark Matter Halos with Fast Radio Bursts
Core-collapsed SIDM halos produce longer FRB image time delays than CDM halos, enabling future surveys to constrain self-interaction cross sections above roughly 18-40 cm²/g depending on collapse timing.
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Euclid preparation: Testing multi-field inflation with galaxy power spectrum and bispectrum
Validates redshift-space power spectrum and bispectrum analysis on Abacus-PNG mocks to recover unbiased f_NL constraints for Euclid spectroscopic sample.
-
Detection of a dark matter subhalo in the strongly lensed system PJ011646
A subhalo of M200 = 2.78e10 solar masses and concentration 30 is detected at 5.8 sigma in PJ011646 via ALMA imaging and grid-based NFW search after fitting an elliptical power-law plus multipole macromodel.
-
Ringdown Signatures of Dehnen Dark Matter Halos: Fluid Modes and Detectability with Space-Based Detectors
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
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Axion-Like Electrophilic Portal for Pion Dark Matter
A minimal electrophilic ALP portal for SIMP pion dark matter widens the allowed parameter space, making an ALP mass of order 10 MeV viable and consistent with the X17 anomaly.
-
Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Galactic Diffuse Synchrotron Emissions
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
-
Dark QCD Origin of the NANOGrav Signal and Self-Interacting Dark Matter
A dark QCD model with a first-order phase transition at 5-6 MeV produces the NANOGrav SGWB amplitude while supplying self-interacting dark matter via a 40 GeV baryon and 20-50 MeV dilaton, linked by entropy dilution.
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Nearly Degenerate Majorana Dark Matter and Its Self-Interactions in a Gauged $U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ Model
A gauged U(1)_{Lμ-Lτ} model generates nearly degenerate Majorana dark matter whose self-interactions via a light scalar mediator set the relic density, resolve core-cusp anomalies, and fit LZ direct detection plus muon g-2 bounds.
-
Attenuation of the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux by dark matter scatterings
UHE neutrino flux is attenuated by DM scatterings in intergalactic and galactic media, enabling cross-section limits from events like KM3230213A under mild astrophysical assumptions.
-
Calibrating the SIDM Gravothermal Catastrophe with N-body Simulations
N-body simulations with Arepo calibrate the β parameter in the SIDM gravothermal model, showing it is independent of cross-section, concentration, and mass for velocity-independent scattering, and introduce an effective β model for the long-mean-free-path regime.
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Globular cluster distributions as a dynamical probe of dark matter
N-body and semianalytic simulations indicate that globular cluster distributions in UDG1 and Fornax require dark matter halos via dynamical friction, while DF44 yields no strong constraint.
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Gravitational Wave Birefringence from Fuzzy Dark Matter
Fuzzy dark matter induces frequency-dependent amplitude birefringence in gravitational waves with periodic time modulation set by the scalar mass, but no velocity birefringence.
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Self-interacting dark matter and core formation in field low-surface-brightness galaxies
Order-of-magnitude estimates exclude a self-interaction cross section of 1 cm²/g for dark matter in isolated low-surface-brightness galaxies while favoring 0.1 cm²/g.
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$4\times3$ Point Correlation Functions in Galaxy Surveys: Impact of Baryonic Feedback
Baryonic feedback affects galaxy-galaxy, galaxy-shear, and shear-shear three-point correlation functions more strongly than two-point functions on small scales, reaching up to 90 percent suppression depending on redshift and model parameters.
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Secondary Dependence of Baryonic Effects on the Density Profile of Dark Matter Halos
Baryonic effects on dark matter halo density profiles exhibit strong secondary dependence on concentration (up to 15% variations at small scales for lower-mass halos) and weaker dependence on large-scale environment (~2%).
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Strong-field signatures of a regular black hole in an Einasto dark matter halo
Regular black holes in Einasto dark matter halos show the strongest deviations from Schwarzschild in photon sphere and shadow properties near a critical halo parameter, remaining consistent with Sgr A* but mildly disfavoring M87* at high values.
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Hunting Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in the MeV Gap
Future MeV telescopes are projected to improve existing limits on sterile neutrino dark matter decay rates by several orders of magnitude.
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The potential of diffuse Galactic Ridge neutrino measurements to constrain dark matter
ANTARES Galactic Ridge neutrino measurements can constrain annihilating and decaying dark matter for various masses and profiles while comparing to astrophysical backgrounds, with forecasts for future observatories.
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Determination of the best dark matter profile for the Milky Way with Gaia DR3 using Bayesian Model Comparison
Bayesian comparison of Gaia DR3 rotation curves favors the Einasto dark matter profile over NFW, prefers cored over cuspy profiles, and finds MOND variants provide poorer fits than the best dark matter models.
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Probing the origin of the kilonova candidate GRB 230307A: analysis of host galaxy and offset
Host galaxy analysis rules out a globular cluster origin for the GRB 230307A kilonova and shows a disk-formed BNS merger with natal kicks can reach the observed offset in only 0.1% of population-synthesis realizations.
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Testing Viability of Benchmark Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Excess
Updated constraints on two simplified dark matter models for the Galactic Center Excess leave unconstrained parameter space after applying recent multi-experiment data.
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Anisotropy of Cosmic Background Photons from Annihilating/Decaying Dark Matter
A comprehensive formulation is given for the angular power spectrum of photons from dark matter annihilation or decay, stressing that detector energy resolution is essential for accurate evaluation of line photon signals.