Lattice QCD yields the NLO HVP contribution to muon g-2 as -101.57(26)stat(54)syst ×10^{-11}, 1.4σ below the 2025 White Paper estimate and twice as precise.
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The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update
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abstract
We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, $a_\mu$, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads $a_\mu^\text{SM} = 116\,592\,033(62)\times 10^{-11}$ (530 ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1-6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds $a_\mu^\text{exp} - a_\mu^\text{SM} =38(63)\times 10^{-11}$, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.
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Lattice QCD gives a_μ^{hvp,nlo} = (-101.57 ± 0.60) × 10^{-11} at 0.6% precision, 1.4σ below the 2025 White Paper estimate and in 4.6σ tension with pre-CMD-3 data-driven results.
The causal bootstrap computes rigorous bounds on smeared spectral functions from non-perturbative Euclidean data by optimizing over the convex set of compatible positive spectral densities and reducing dual problems to semidefinite programs for certain kernels.
First beyond-NLO tensor decomposition and higher-order analytic one-loop amplitudes for e+e- to pi+pi-gamma, paired with a fast numerical five-point integral evaluator.
A hierarchical generative model for critical lattice scalar field theories achieves orders-of-magnitude lower autocorrelation times than HMC while enabling exact multilevel Monte Carlo.
The integrated iterated single-unresolved approximate cross section in CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions is a convolution of the Born cross section with an insertion operator.
Dispersive analysis with ρ-ω mixing produces a two-parameter fit describing BESIII data on the J/ψ→π⁰γ* form factor from 0 to 2.8 GeV and extracts a (62 ± 21)° relative phase between strong and electromagnetic modes.
Light new particles generate asymmetries in e+e- to tau+tau- that allow model-dependent constraints on tau dipole moments, including non-zero effects without electron polarization via imaginary parts.
Nucleon energy correlators access linear effects from light-quark dipole operators via azimuthal asymmetries in the target fragmentation region at the EIC.
Normalizing flows enable all-order QED corrections in lattice scalar QED in 2-4 dimensions with reduced variance and transferability from small to large lattices.
LKF transformations give all-order gauge-transformed fermion propagators in RQED, with ξ=1/3 eliminating one-loop leading logs and numerical checks confirming gauge-invariant condensate and pole mass.
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
A general framework quantifies correlation-induced uncertainties in precision data combinations and applies it to e+e- to hadrons cross sections for muon g-2 HVP determinations.
A 10 TeV muon collider could improve existing bounds on muon-Higgs-gauge and muon-top interactions by up to an order of magnitude over current limits and FCC-ee projections.
Disperon QED is a new technique that feeds experimental data into higher-order QED loop calculations in Monte Carlo generators via dispersion relations and threshold subtraction.
PrecisionSM is a new annotated database of low-energy e+e- hadronic cross sections for use in data-driven calculations of the muon anomalous magnetic moment a_mu.
This work provides a comprehensive analysis of light new physics contributions to tau lepton dipole moments, detailing interpretations of asymmetry measurements for spin-0 and spin-1 bosons, their decoupling to the EFT limit, and a case study of a tauphilic vector boson at Belle II.
A new model with SU(2)_D symmetry and vector-like muons mediates vector dark matter, simultaneously addressing relic abundance and muon g-2 while identifying an off-resonance suppression mechanism for light DM and deriving collider bounds.
Virtual electromagnetic corrections largely cancel radiative-channel contributions in data-driven HVP evaluations for muon g-2, reconciling timelike and spacelike methods via a VMD model.
Non-holomorphic terms enable t-b-τ Yukawa unification in minimal GMSB for μ>0, producing solutions with Higgs-mass consistency, charginos as light as 120 GeV, and staus around 600 GeV that are testable via lifetime and compressed-spectra searches.
Full dynamical QCD+QED simulations yield smaller uncertainties than the RM123 method for the intermediate-window HVP contribution at fixed lattice spacing, volume, and statistics.
New analytic and Monte Carlo-assisted method tightens energy-based boson truncation bounds, reducing volume dependence in (1+1)D scalar and (2+1)D U(1) gauge theories.
A chiral flavor-specific U(1)_X model with two Higgs doublets accommodates the ATOMKI 17 MeV anomaly via a Z' boson whose parameter space remains consistent with atomic parity violation, beam dump, meson decay, and neutrino scattering bounds.
Z-boson exchange contributes ~3e-6 to the relevant asymmetries while four-fermion operators can reach ~1e-5 times Wilson coefficients, with loop insertions offering an additional path to a_tau without beam polarization.
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Higher-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$ from lattice QCD
Lattice QCD yields the NLO HVP contribution to muon g-2 as -101.57(26)stat(54)syst ×10^{-11}, 1.4σ below the 2025 White Paper estimate and twice as precise.
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Lattice determination of the higher-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$
Lattice QCD gives a_μ^{hvp,nlo} = (-101.57 ± 0.60) × 10^{-11} at 0.6% precision, 1.4σ below the 2025 White Paper estimate and in 4.6σ tension with pre-CMD-3 data-driven results.
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The Causal Bootstrap: Bounding Smeared Spectral Functions from Non-Perturbative Euclidean Data
The causal bootstrap computes rigorous bounds on smeared spectral functions from non-perturbative Euclidean data by optimizing over the convex set of compatible positive spectral densities and reducing dual problems to semidefinite programs for certain kernels.
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Tensor decomposition of $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ to higher orders in the dimensional regulator
First beyond-NLO tensor decomposition and higher-order analytic one-loop amplitudes for e+e- to pi+pi-gamma, paired with a fast numerical five-point integral evaluator.
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Scalable Generative Sampling and Multilevel Estimation for Lattice Field Theories Near Criticality
A hierarchical generative model for critical lattice scalar field theories achieves orders-of-magnitude lower autocorrelation times than HMC while enabling exact multilevel Monte Carlo.
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CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions: integrating the iterated single unresolved subtraction terms
The integrated iterated single-unresolved approximate cross section in CoLoRFulNNLO for hadron collisions is a convolution of the Born cross section with an insertion operator.
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Dispersive analysis of the $J/\psi\to\pi^0 \gamma^\ast$ transition form factor with $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing effects
Dispersive analysis with ρ-ω mixing produces a two-parameter fit describing BESIII data on the J/ψ→π⁰γ* form factor from 0 to 2.8 GeV and extracts a (62 ± 21)° relative phase between strong and electromagnetic modes.
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Light new physics and the $\tau$ lepton dipole moments: prospects at Belle II
Light new particles generate asymmetries in e+e- to tau+tau- that allow model-dependent constraints on tau dipole moments, including non-zero effects without electron polarization via imaginary parts.
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Nucleon Energy Correlators as a Probe of Light-Quark Dipole Operators at the Electron-Ion Collider
Nucleon energy correlators access linear effects from light-quark dipole operators via azimuthal asymmetries in the target fragmentation region at the EIC.
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Normalizing flows for all-orders QED corrections in lattice field theory
Normalizing flows enable all-order QED corrections in lattice scalar QED in 2-4 dimensions with reduced variance and transferability from small to large lattices.
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Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin Transformations in Reduced Quantum Electrodynamics: Perturbative and Nonperturbative Dynamics of the Fermion Propagator
LKF transformations give all-order gauge-transformed fermion propagators in RQED, with ξ=1/3 eliminating one-loop leading logs and numerical checks confirming gauge-invariant condensate and pole mass.
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Crossing into the $m_a > f_a$ Region for Leptophilic ALPs
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
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Muon $g$$-$2: correlation-induced uncertainties in precision data combinations
A general framework quantifies correlation-induced uncertainties in precision data combinations and applies it to e+e- to hadrons cross sections for muon g-2 HVP determinations.
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Probing Higgs and Top Interactions through the Muon Lens at multi-TeV Muon Colliders
A 10 TeV muon collider could improve existing bounds on muon-Higgs-gauge and muon-top interactions by up to an order of magnitude over current limits and FCC-ee projections.
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Disperon QED
Disperon QED is a new technique that feeds experimental data into higher-order QED loop calculations in Monte Carlo generators via dispersion relations and threshold subtraction.
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PrecisionSM: an annotated database for low-energy $e^+e^-$ hadronic cross sections
PrecisionSM is a new annotated database of low-energy e+e- hadronic cross sections for use in data-driven calculations of the muon anomalous magnetic moment a_mu.
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Light new physics and the $\tau$ lepton dipole moments
This work provides a comprehensive analysis of light new physics contributions to tau lepton dipole moments, detailing interpretations of asymmetry measurements for spin-0 and spin-1 bosons, their decoupling to the EFT limit, and a case study of a tauphilic vector boson at Belle II.
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The Muonic Portal to Vector Dark Matter:connecting precision muon physics, cosmology, and colliders
A new model with SU(2)_D symmetry and vector-like muons mediates vector dark matter, simultaneously addressing relic abundance and muon g-2 while identifying an off-resonance suppression mechanism for light DM and deriving collider bounds.
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Field-theoretic versus data-driven evaluations of electromagnetic corrections to hadronic vacuum polarization in $(g-2)_\mu$
Virtual electromagnetic corrections largely cancel radiative-channel contributions in data-driven HVP evaluations for muon g-2, reconciling timelike and spacelike methods via a VMD model.
-
Non-Holomorphic Impact on $t-b-\tau$ Yukawa Unification in minimal GMSB
Non-holomorphic terms enable t-b-τ Yukawa unification in minimal GMSB for μ>0, producing solutions with Higgs-mass consistency, charginos as light as 120 GeV, and staus around 600 GeV that are testable via lifetime and compressed-spectra searches.
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Comparing RM123 and non-perturbative QCD+QED approaches to the HVP with C-periodic boundary conditions
Full dynamical QCD+QED simulations yield smaller uncertainties than the RM123 method for the intermediate-window HVP contribution at fixed lattice spacing, volume, and statistics.
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Tightening energy-based boson truncation bound using Monte Carlo-assisted methods
New analytic and Monte Carlo-assisted method tightens energy-based boson truncation bounds, reducing volume dependence in (1+1)D scalar and (2+1)D U(1) gauge theories.
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A Flavor Specific Chiral $U(1)_X$ Framework for Explaining the ATOMKI Anomaly
A chiral flavor-specific U(1)_X model with two Higgs doublets accommodates the ATOMKI 17 MeV anomaly via a Z' boson whose parameter space remains consistent with atomic parity violation, beam dump, meson decay, and neutrino scattering bounds.
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Four-fermion operators, $Z$-boson exchange, and $\tau$ lepton dipole moments
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Axion-like Particles and Lepton Flavor Violation in Muonic Atoms
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Muon Beam Dump Experiments explicate five-dimensional nature of $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$
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Lepton anomalous magnetic moments: Theory
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