The first informative astrophysical calibration of gravitational-wave detectors is reported using GW240925 and GW250207.
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Array Programming with NumPy
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is method (50%).
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abstract
Array programming provides a powerful, compact, expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating, and operating on data in vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It plays an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, material science, engineering, finance, and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves and the first imaging of a black hole. Here we show how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring, and analyzing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the entire scientific Python universe is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Because of its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly plays the role of an interoperability layer between these new array computation libraries.
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representative citing papers
Future microhertz detections combined with nanohertz pulsar terms can serve as gravity echoes to measure supermassive black hole binary inspiral rates from hundreds to thousands of years in the past.
TNG50 stellar disks are grouped into four j-types from sAM surface density maps, revealing a redshift-dependent sequence from irregular to barred forms driven by gas content and V/σ.
A Runge-Kutta-Gegenbauer super-time-stepping method for stable, efficient handling of anisotropic non-ideal MHD diffusion.
Nonthermal line broadening at solar flare footpoints is primarily field-aligned, demonstrated by systematic decrease in line widths from disk center to limb across 4,593 Hinode/EIS spectra from 407 flares.
High-resolution M-band spectroscopy detects super-stellar SiO in TWA 5 B, implying no significant magnesium-silicate clouds and formation consistent with core accretion beyond the CO snowline or gravitational instability with solid enrichment.
Deep interferometric observations of a z≈1.12 barred spiral reveal bar-driven molecular inflows at a rate matching the galaxy's star formation rate of ~36 M⊙/yr.
The causal bootstrap computes rigorous bounds on smeared spectral functions from non-perturbative Euclidean data by optimizing over the convex set of compatible positive spectral densities and reducing dual problems to semidefinite programs for certain kernels.
Introduces a generalized fast framework for modeling interaction-powered transients with arbitrary CSM profiles and multi-wavelength outputs.
A new neural quantum state ansatz for bosons in the grand canonical ensemble achieves competitive variational energies in 1D and 2D systems and provides access to one-body reduced density matrices.
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.
PlotChain benchmark reports top MLLMs reaching ~80% field-level accuracy on engineering plot reading under human-like tolerances, but with persistent failures on frequency-domain tasks like bandpass and FFT spectra.
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
CNN emulator for decaying magnetic field fast-cooling synchrotron spectra is trained on synthetic data and used in Bayesian fits to GRB 231020A, favoring the decaying-field model over the standard version.
Serendipitous discovery of a bound nine-member protostellar system in NGC 6334-43 formed by filament fragmentation, with outflows from two sources and virial masses derived for three cores.
21cmEMUv3 emulates the cylindrical 21cm power spectrum via score-based diffusion and six other 21cmFAST observables via LSTM networks at sub-percent accuracy, then uses the emulator to infer a lower limit on soft-band X-ray luminosity from HERA data.
RooAgent provides an LLM agent interface that translates natural-language prompts into calls to PyROOT analysis functions for high energy physics tasks, with support for multiple AI backends and tested on ZH simulations and ATLAS open data.
Planck CMB data set upper limits on vector and axial-vector dark matter-electron couplings for masses 100 eV to 100 keV via energy injection from inelastic scattering and hydrogen absorption.
Magnetically driven shocks from neutron star merger remnants can reheat ejecta to nuclear statistical equilibrium, alter r-process yields, and produce observable changes in kilonova color and light curves.
Gaussian process regression on nuclear data predicts 10^5 D/H = 2.442 ± 0.040, 1.70 sigma below observation and consistent with first-principles calculations.
No evidence for primordial hotspots in Planck polarization data leads to improved bounds on inflationary particle production couplings for light particles.
Multi-shell modeling shows outward 56Ni mixing produces faster brighter rises and biases one-zone fits to lower ejecta mass and higher nickel fraction, while r-process signatures in collapsars depend on placement, distribution, and viewing angle rather than always showing NIR excess.
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
citing papers explorer
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GW240925 and GW250207: Astrophysical Calibration of Gravitational-wave Detectors
The first informative astrophysical calibration of gravitational-wave detectors is reported using GW240925 and GW250207.
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Gravity Echoes from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
Future microhertz detections combined with nanohertz pulsar terms can serve as gravity echoes to measure supermassive black hole binary inspiral rates from hundreds to thousands of years in the past.
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IllustrisTNG50 angular momentum maps: tracing the morpho-kinematic evolution of galaxies
TNG50 stellar disks are grouped into four j-types from sAM surface density maps, revealing a redshift-dependent sequence from irregular to barred forms driven by gas content and V/σ.
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A robust super-time-stepping scheme for Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion
A Runge-Kutta-Gegenbauer super-time-stepping method for stable, efficient handling of anisotropic non-ideal MHD diffusion.
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Nonthermal line broadening at solar flare footpoints is primarily field-aligned
Nonthermal line broadening at solar flare footpoints is primarily field-aligned, demonstrated by systematic decrease in line widths from disk center to limb across 4,593 Hinode/EIS spectra from 407 flares.
-
The CRIMSON survey I: super-stellar SiO in the directly imaged companion TWA 5 B from high-resolution M-band spectroscopy
High-resolution M-band spectroscopy detects super-stellar SiO in TWA 5 B, implying no significant magnesium-silicate clouds and formation consistent with core accretion beyond the CO snowline or gravitational instability with solid enrichment.
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NOEMA$^\rm{3D}$: A deep view of cold gas flows in a barred spiral galaxy at $z\sim1$
Deep interferometric observations of a z≈1.12 barred spiral reveal bar-driven molecular inflows at a rate matching the galaxy's star formation rate of ~36 M⊙/yr.
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The Causal Bootstrap: Bounding Smeared Spectral Functions from Non-Perturbative Euclidean Data
The causal bootstrap computes rigorous bounds on smeared spectral functions from non-perturbative Euclidean data by optimizing over the convex set of compatible positive spectral densities and reducing dual problems to semidefinite programs for certain kernels.
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From mass-loss histories to lightcurves: a generalised framework for interaction-powered transients
Introduces a generalized fast framework for modeling interaction-powered transients with arbitrary CSM profiles and multi-wavelength outputs.
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Neural network quantum states in the grand canonical ensemble
A new neural quantum state ansatz for bosons in the grand canonical ensemble achieves competitive variational energies in 1D and 2D systems and provides access to one-body reduced density matrices.
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Measuring neutrino mass and asymmetry through galaxy pairwise peculiar velocity
Galaxy pairwise peculiar velocities from Cosmicflows-4 yield M_ν = 0.24^{+0.34}_{-0.18} eV and η² = 2.14^{+0.30}_{-0.32} (7σ non-zero asymmetry) in the CMB framework, consistent with prior Planck results.
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Probing Solar Symmetrons with Direct Detection
Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.
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PlotChain: Deterministic Checkpointed Evaluation of Multimodal LLMs on Engineering Plot Reading
PlotChain benchmark reports top MLLMs reaching ~80% field-level accuracy on engineering plot reading under human-like tolerances, but with persistent failures on frequency-domain tasks like bandpass and FFT spectra.
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The evolution of the galaxy gas-phase mass-metallicity relation from $z=15$ to $z=0$ in the COLIBRE cosmological simulations
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
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Modeling Gamma-Ray Burst Spectra with Convolutional Neural Networks: Fast-Cooling Synchrotron Emission in a Decaying Magnetic Field
CNN emulator for decaying magnetic field fast-cooling synchrotron spectra is trained on synthetic data and used in Bayesian fits to GRB 231020A, favoring the decaying-field model over the standard version.
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A nine-member protostellar system forming via filament fragmentation in the high mass protocluster NGC 6334-43
Serendipitous discovery of a bound nine-member protostellar system in NGC 6334-43 formed by filament fragmentation, with outflows from two sources and virial masses derived for three cores.
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21cmEMUv3: a hybrid diffusion-LSTM emulator of 21cmFAST summary observables
21cmEMUv3 emulates the cylindrical 21cm power spectrum via score-based diffusion and six other 21cmFAST observables via LSTM networks at sub-percent accuracy, then uses the emulator to infer a lower limit on soft-band X-ray luminosity from HERA data.
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RooAgent: An LLM Agent for Root-Based High Energy Physics Analysis
RooAgent provides an LLM agent interface that translates natural-language prompts into calls to PyROOT analysis functions for high energy physics tasks, with support for multiple AI backends and tested on ZH simulations and ATLAS open data.
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CMB Limits on the Absorption of Light Vector and Axial-Vector Dark Matter
Planck CMB data set upper limits on vector and axial-vector dark matter-electron couplings for masses 100 eV to 100 keV via energy injection from inelastic scattering and hydrogen absorption.
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Effects of magnetically driven shocks on nucleosynthesis and kilonovae from neutron star mergers
Magnetically driven shocks from neutron star merger remnants can reheat ejecta to nuclear statistical equilibrium, alter r-process yields, and produce observable changes in kilonova color and light curves.
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A data-driven prediction for the primordial deuterium abundance
Gaussian process regression on nuclear data predicts 10^5 D/H = 2.442 ± 0.040, 1.70 sigma below observation and consistent with first-principles calculations.
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Constraining Inflationary Particle Production with CMB Polarization
No evidence for primordial hotspots in Planck polarization data leads to improved bounds on inflationary particle production couplings for light particles.
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Signatures of $^{56}$Ni Mixing and Neutron-rich Ejecta in Supernovae
Multi-shell modeling shows outward 56Ni mixing produces faster brighter rises and biases one-zone fits to lower ejecta mass and higher nickel fraction, while r-process signatures in collapsars depend on placement, distribution, and viewing angle rather than always showing NIR excess.
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Accelerating Discovery: Model-Agnostic Likelihoods for the Reinterpretation of Particle Physics Results and their Application to the Belle II $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ Measurement
A reweighting method creates model-agnostic likelihoods from histogram analyses, applied to Belle II B+ to K+ nu nubar data for WET constraints and light new physics searches.
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AGN-driven BBH mergers: Black hole populations and hierarchical growth across the AGN parameter space
Semi-analytical models show AGN disks produce repeated BBH mergers with a high-mass tail beyond the pair-instability gap, more efficiently at low viscosity, with spin and mass-ratio signatures that can match events like GW190521.
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Satellite compaction pathways: environmental drivers shaping dwarf galaxy corpulence in the TNG50 simulation
In TNG50, compact dwarf satellites (log M_star 8.4-9.2) form via DM-rich gas inflows in low-merger environments, tidal stripping for DM-poor cases, and ram-pressure starbursts for some metal-rich ones.
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Sky-Plane Velocity Distributions of Interstellar Objects and Implications for Their Detection
An analytic sky-motion formula applied to synthetic interstellar object populations indicates that high velocities, particularly for dim objects, may cause many to go undetected, implying a larger galactic population than currently observed.
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Non-linear Dynamical Stability of Magnetic Polytropes
A mean-field magnetic polytrope model shows radiation pressure can unbind an n=3 polytrope when the central overpressure exceeds roughly 0.15 times a mass-dependent factor under small radial perturbations.
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Biased parameter inference of eccentric, spin-precessing binary black holes
Eccentric BBH signals recovered with quasi-circular precessing models show biases in chirp mass and χ_p; Bayes factors favor eccentric aligned-spin models when both eccentricity and precession are present.
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Binary black holes in the heat of merger
Develops a frequency-domain approximant for tidal heating in nonspinning black hole binaries that extends to merger and includes horizon parameters.
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Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.
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The ESO SupJup Survey XI. Atmospheric properties of six isolated M- and L-type dwarfs with CRIRES+
Retrievals on six isolated brown dwarfs yield near-solar C/O (0.51-0.63), metallicities, and 12C/13C ratios (91-155) supporting molecular cloud fragmentation origin.
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Early phases of star formation with SKAO: synchrotron emission from dense starless cores in molecular clouds
SKAO will enable detection of synchrotron emission from prestellar cores to probe their magnetic field properties in nearby star-forming regions.
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Tracing Large-scale Structure with the MeerKLASS On-the-Fly Survey: Angular Clustering of Radio Sources at 816 MHz
First measurement of angular clustering w(theta) for radio sources at 816 MHz over 800 deg2 yields positive signal and effective bias 1.53-2.0 depending on N(z) prior.
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The Effects of Cosmic Ray Protons on Galactic Nonthermal Filaments
MHD simulations of proton- versus lepton-dominated cosmic rays in nonthermal filaments show minimal observable differences and motivate a turbulence-based formation scenario for Galactic Center NTFs.
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AstroSkyFlow: an astronomical sky image flow simulator for time domain survey validation and machine learning
AstroSkyFlow generates simulated time-series astronomical images with realistic noise and variability, outperforming SkyMaker in noise and PSF reproduction while recovering injected signals such as exoplanet transits and asteroid trails.
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Unitaria: Quantum Linear Algebra via Block Encodings
Unitaria is a new open-source Python library that provides a high-level, composable interface for block encodings in quantum computing, enabling automatic circuit generation and classical simulation-based verification.
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VIGILant: an automatic classification pipeline for glitches in the Virgo detector
VIGILant applies tree-based models and a ResNet CNN to classify Virgo O3b glitches with 98% accuracy and has been deployed for daily use with an interactive dashboard.
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Mitigating gain calibration errors from EoR observations with SKA1-Low AA*
Simulations show hybrid foreground mitigation (GPR + PCA combined with avoidance) recovers the HI 21cm signal within 2σ for gain calibration errors ≤1% in SKA1-Low AA* observations over 0.05-0.5 Mpc^{-1} scales.
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Cosmic Birefringence from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6
Bayesian analysis of ACT DR6 CMB polarization data measures cosmic birefringence angle β = 0.215° ± 0.074° excluding zero at 2.9σ, consistent with prior WMAP and Planck results but limited by unexplained systematics.
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Comparison of Halo Model and Simulation Predictions for Projected-Field Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cross-Correlations
Halo model predictions match Websky simulations well for Planck filters but differ by ~20% for Simons Observatory filters, exceeding error bars and consistent with missing higher-order terms in the kSZ signal.
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Validating Prior-informed Fisher-matrix Analyses against GWTC Data
Fisher-matrix methods in GWFish match LIGO/Virgo posteriors reasonably when priors are included, with prior impact scaling with parameter degeneracy, supporting their use for ET forecasts.
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GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
GWTC-3 catalogs 90 compact binary coalescence events with p_astro > 0.5 from LIGO and Virgo's first three observing runs, including the first confident neutron star-black hole binaries.
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Testing masking effectiveness using multi-line image cubes based on COSMOS2020 for [CII] line intensity mapping at $z_{[CII]} > 3.5$
Simulations from COSMOS2020 show masking recovers [CII] above 300 GHz in ideal conditions but noise prevents useful S/N until near the end of 2000-hour observations.
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Can current models predict the local black hole merger rate?
Theoretical predictions for local BBH merger rates exceed observations by a factor >10 under conservative SFRD and metallicity assumptions, indicating need for revisions in stellar evolution.
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Search for Dark Matter in 2HDMS at LHC and future Lepton Colliders
Benchmarks in the 2HDMS model with light to heavy dark matter masses are identified under all constraints and shown to have better discovery prospects at future lepton colliders than at the HL-LHC via cut-and-count analyses.
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Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
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A series of unfortunate events: CHIME/FRB misclassification of a Galactic pulsar as a periodic fast radio burst
A reported periodic fast radio burst is reclassified as Galactic pulsar emission due to CHIME calibration and beam-pointing error.