Experimental breakeven demonstration of a qLDPC code encoding 4 logical qubits in 18 physical qubits on trapped ions, with up to 9x lower logical error rate than prior superconducting implementations.
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Helios: A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer
Canonical reference. 93% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
We report on Quantinuum Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor based on the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture. Helios features $^{137}$Ba$^{+}$ hyperfine qubits, all-to-all connectivity enabled by a rotatable ion storage ring connecting two quantum operation regions by a junction, speed improvements from parallelized operations, and a new software stack with real-time compilation of dynamic programs. Averaged over all operational zones in the system, we achieve average infidelities of $2.5(1)\times10^{-5}$ for single-qubit gates, $7.9(2)\times10^{-4}$ for two-qubit gates, and $4.8(6)\times10^{-4}$ for state preparation and measurement, none of which are fundamentally limited and likely able to be improved. These component infidelities are predictive of system-level performance in both random Clifford circuits and random circuit sampling, the latter demonstrating that Helios operates well beyond the reach of classical simulation and establishes a new frontier of fidelity and complexity for quantum computers.
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representative citing papers
Quantum-circuit framework for canonical-ensemble molecular dynamics via KvN wave functions, Langevin decomposition, PITE cosine diffusion with analytic temperature-bias correction, demonstrated on H2 vibrational DOS and TST rate.
QAVG reconstructs sub-resolution excitation spectra of a CO/χ-Fe5C2 model via averaged variable-grid QPE on Quantinuum H2-2 with Steane-code error correction.
Experimental observation of conformal Floquet heating and non-heating phases initiated from the critical ground state of the transverse-field Ising model on a trapped-ion processor, with extracted central charge c=1/2.
Linearized gate set tomography scales error characterization to many qubits via sparse models, linear fitting, and shallow circuits, with simulations showing accuracy on 10-qubit systems including crosstalk.
Two constructions yield strong unitary k-designs and pseudorandom unitaries on D-dimensional grids with provably optimal depth.
Dynamarq is a new scalable benchmarking framework that defines structural features for dynamic quantum circuits and uses statistical models to predict hardware fidelity with transferable parameters.
Two new electrode-based methods enable nearly twofold vertical adjustment of ion confinement height in surface ion traps.
Knill error correction reduces circuit-level decoding for quantum LDPC codes to the simpler code-capacity decoder while remaining fault-tolerant under locally decaying noise.
Generalizes fidelity-reduction formulas from static to time-dependent Markovian dissipation and applies the result to bound adiabatic CZ gate fidelity in tunable superconducting qubits.
Hybrid simulations of coherent crosstalk noise in surface codes show higher logical error rates, lower thresholds, and quantitative dependence on noise distribution.
A noise model for trapped-ion multi-qubit gates shows that dominant error channels remain compatible with scalable rotated-surface-code quantum error correction when realistic experimental parameters are used.
Reinforcement learning optimizes ion shuttling on trapped-ion quantum chips and reduces operations by up to 36.3% versus heuristics across multiple architectures.
Cryogenic TDM voltage control achieves 37.5 kHz updates on 32 static channels at ~27 K and 1 MHz updates on 4 dynamic channels at ~14 K, each with ±10 V range.
Demonstrates DC-voltage-controlled radial transport of a single ion through transition zones in a prototype ion trap chip for 2D quantum spring array architecture, with measurements of stray fields and heating rates.
Experimental demonstration of a multiplexing trapped-ion QPU using sample-and-hold circuits achieves motional heating rates below 1 phonon/s and expected gate errors below 10^{-4} for sampling intervals under 50 ms.
Proof-of-principle measurement-based blind quantum computation on a modular superconducting processor executing a 3-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with verified information privacy.
A qubit-reduction method for hypergraph product codes preserves dimension, distance, and fault-tolerance properties, producing smaller codes such as [[441,64,6]] from [[610,64,6]] with comparable noise performance and compatibility with logical gates.
Optimized QED intervals plus steady-state extraction enable PEC+QED to deliver 2-11x lower error than PEC alone on Iceberg codes for QAOA.
A trapped-ion architecture based on LDPC codes and cat-state factories achieves 110 logical qubits and one million T gates per day using 2514 physical qubits, with estimates for Heisenberg model simulation on 100 sites in one month using 10000 qubits.
SimpleTES scales test-time evaluation in LLMs to discover state-of-the-art solutions on 21 scientific problems across six domains, outperforming frontier models and optimization pipelines with examples like 2x faster LASSO and new Erdos constructions.
Singly-ionized yttrium (89Y+) is positioned as a trapped-ion qubit with nuclear-spin storage, metastable manifolds, and isolated transitions for initialization, readout, and gates.
Heterogeneous quantum architectures with task-specific hardware and QEC encodings deliver up to 138x lower physical-qubit overhead than monolithic baselines for fault-tolerant algorithms, including RSA-2048 factoring at 190k-381k qubits.
High motional frequency ion trapping reduces decoherence effects and accelerates experimental duty cycles in quantum information science.
citing papers explorer
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Breakeven demonstration of quantum low-density parity-check codes
Experimental breakeven demonstration of a qLDPC code encoding 4 logical qubits in 18 physical qubits on trapped ions, with up to 9x lower logical error rate than prior superconducting implementations.
-
End-to-End Molecular Dynamics with a Langevin Thermostat on Quantum Circuits
Quantum-circuit framework for canonical-ensemble molecular dynamics via KvN wave functions, Langevin decomposition, PITE cosine diffusion with analytic temperature-bias correction, demonstrated on H2 vibrational DOS and TST rate.
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Error-corrected phase estimation averaged over variable grids on a trapped-ion quantum computer: hyperacuity spectra of a CO molecule adsorbed onto $\chi$-Fe$_5$C$_2$
QAVG reconstructs sub-resolution excitation spectra of a CO/χ-Fe5C2 model via averaged variable-grid QPE on Quantinuum H2-2 with Steane-code error correction.
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Observing conformal Floquet dynamics on a digital quantum processor
Experimental observation of conformal Floquet heating and non-heating phases initiated from the critical ground state of the transverse-field Ising model on a trapped-ion processor, with extracted central charge c=1/2.
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Scalable linearized gate set tomography
Linearized gate set tomography scales error characterization to many qubits via sparse models, linear fitting, and shallow circuits, with simulations showing accuracy on 10-qubit systems including crosstalk.
-
Arts & crafts: Strong random unitaries and geometric locality
Two constructions yield strong unitary k-designs and pseudorandom unitaries on D-dimensional grids with provably optimal depth.
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Characterizing and Benchmarking Dynamic Quantum Circuits
Dynamarq is a new scalable benchmarking framework that defines structural features for dynamic quantum circuits and uses statistical models to predict hardware fidelity with transferable parameters.
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Vertical ion transport in a surface Paul trap: escalator and elevator approaches
Two new electrode-based methods enable nearly twofold vertical adjustment of ion confinement height in surface ion traps.
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Simplified circuit-level decoding using Knill error correction
Knill error correction reduces circuit-level decoding for quantum LDPC codes to the simpler code-capacity decoder while remaining fault-tolerant under locally decaying noise.
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Fidelity bounds for adiabatic gates and other quantum operations with time-dependent dissipation
Generalizes fidelity-reduction formulas from static to time-dependent Markovian dissipation and applies the result to bound adiabatic CZ gate fidelity in tunable superconducting qubits.
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Non-Clifford Crosstalk Noise in Surface Codes Using Hybrid Stabilizer-Tensor Network Methods
Hybrid simulations of coherent crosstalk noise in surface codes show higher logical error rates, lower thresholds, and quantitative dependence on noise distribution.
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Trapped-Ion Multiqubit Gates are Compatible with Scalable Quantum Error Correction
A noise model for trapped-ion multi-qubit gates shows that dominant error channels remain compatible with scalable rotated-surface-code quantum error correction when realistic experimental parameters are used.
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Reinforcement learning for ion shuttling on trapped-ion quantum computers
Reinforcement learning optimizes ion shuttling on trapped-ion quantum chips and reduces operations by up to 36.3% versus heuristics across multiple architectures.
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Cryogenic Time-Division-Multiplexed Voltage Control for Scalable Trapped-Ion Quantum Processors
Cryogenic TDM voltage control achieves 37.5 kHz updates on 32 static channels at ~27 K and 1 MHz updates on 4 dynamic channels at ~14 K, each with ±10 V range.
-
Demonstration of transport in an ion trap design for two-dimensional lattices
Demonstrates DC-voltage-controlled radial transport of a single ion through transition zones in a prototype ion trap chip for 2D quantum spring array architecture, with measurements of stray fields and heating rates.
-
Demonstration of a Multiplexing Trapped Ion Quantum Processing Unit
Experimental demonstration of a multiplexing trapped-ion QPU using sample-and-hold circuits achieves motional heating rates below 1 phonon/s and expected gate errors below 10^{-4} for sampling intervals under 50 ms.
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Blind Quantum Computation on a Modular Superconducting Processor
Proof-of-principle measurement-based blind quantum computation on a modular superconducting processor executing a 3-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with verified information privacy.
-
Spatial overhead reduction for 2D hypergraph product codes
A qubit-reduction method for hypergraph product codes preserves dimension, distance, and fault-tolerance properties, producing smaller codes such as [[441,64,6]] from [[610,64,6]] with comparable noise performance and compatibility with logical gates.
-
Co-Designing Error Mitigation and Error Detection for Logical Qubits
Optimized QED intervals plus steady-state extraction enable PEC+QED to deliver 2-11x lower error than PEC alone on Iceberg codes for QAOA.
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Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing with Trapped Ions: The Walking Cat Architecture
A trapped-ion architecture based on LDPC codes and cat-state factories achieves 110 logical qubits and one million T gates per day using 2514 physical qubits, with estimates for Heisenberg model simulation on 100 sites in one month using 10000 qubits.
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Evaluation-driven Scaling for Scientific Discovery
SimpleTES scales test-time evaluation in LLMs to discover state-of-the-art solutions on 21 scientific problems across six domains, outperforming frontier models and optimization pipelines with examples like 2x faster LASSO and new Erdos constructions.
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Yttrium ion as a platform for quantum information processing
Singly-ionized yttrium (89Y+) is positioned as a trapped-ion qubit with nuclear-spin storage, metastable manifolds, and isolated transitions for initialization, readout, and gates.
-
Heterogeneous architectures enable a 138x reduction in physical qubit requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computing under detailed accounting
Heterogeneous quantum architectures with task-specific hardware and QEC encodings deliver up to 138x lower physical-qubit overhead than monolithic baselines for fault-tolerant algorithms, including RSA-2048 factoring at 190k-381k qubits.
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A High Motional Frequency Ion Trapping Regime for Quantum Information Science
High motional frequency ion trapping reduces decoherence effects and accelerates experimental duty cycles in quantum information science.
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Efficient Simulation of Sparse, Non-Local Fermion Models
An auxiliary-fermion encoding removes Jordan-Wigner strings for sparse non-local fermion models, achieving asymptotically optimal Trotter circuit depth on qubits after one-time state preparation.
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Simulating the Dynamics of Markovian Quantum Processes by Quantum Collision Models on Quantum Computers
Experimental demonstration of quantum collision models for Markovian dynamics on quantum hardware with up to 7 system qubits and 40 time steps, using hardware-specific ancilla strategies for local and nonlocal dissipation.
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Quantum computing for accurate large-scale electronic-structure calculations: DFT-embedded, post-processed quantum-selected configuration interaction
A DFT-embedded quantum-selected configuration interaction framework combines quantum and classical methods to achieve ~1 kcal/mol accuracy on large-scale chemical systems using a subset of qubits from a 144-qubit quantum computer.
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Software compensation of trigger-synchronous control-frame errors in qubits and qudits
A software protocol measures and corrects trigger-synchronous coherent errors in trapped-ion qubits and qudits by updating control frequency and phase, raising single-qubit gate fidelity to 99.93(1)% and 16-level qudit algorithm success from 10(7)% to 70(9)%.
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Channel-agnostic finite-temperature phase estimation averaged over variable grids: reconstruction of Green's function for dynamical mean-field theory
A hybrid scheme combines channel-agnostic finite-temperature QPE with QAVG reconstruction to obtain the one-particle Green's function for DMFT, shown via numerical simulation on SrVO3.
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Large-Scale Quantum Circuit Simulation on an Exascale System for QPU Benchmarking
Exascale classical simulation validates noise-tolerant performance of a 98-qubit QPU up to 48 qubits for LR-QAOA, with statistical analysis showing coherent regime up to 93 qubits before outputs become indistinguishable from random.
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Tightening energy-based boson truncation bound using Monte Carlo-assisted methods
New analytic and Monte Carlo-assisted method tightens energy-based boson truncation bounds, reducing volume dependence in (1+1)D scalar and (2+1)D U(1) gauge theories.
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The Impact of Qubit Connectivity on Quantum Advantage in Noisy IQP Circuits
Sparse qubit connectivity raises compiled depth in noisy IQP circuits, requiring lower effective noise to remain outside the classically simulatable regime compared to fully connected layouts.
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Operational criteria for quantum advantage in latency-constrained nonlocal games
A framework with operational criteria and a trapped-atom hardware proposal for achieving statistically significant quantum advantage in latency-constrained nonlocal games.
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Hybrid Quantum-HPC Middleware Systems for Adaptive Resource, Workload and Task Management
The authors present Pilot-Quantum, a middleware for adaptive resource management in hybrid quantum-HPC systems, along with execution motifs and a performance modeling toolkit called Q-Dreamer.
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Shuttling in Bidimensional Segmented Ion-Trap Quantum Processors with T-Junctions
The paper finds that 2D ion-trap architectures with T-junctions have lower total shuttling cost than 1D linear traps for standard quantum circuit blocks when linear and junction transport costs are set equal, with the advantage growing as qubit count increases.
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Simulation of vibrational dynamics using qubits and qudits
Qudit encoding of the vibrational Hamiltonian yields the most accurate population transfer simulations for CO2 and H2O compared to binary and direct qubit encodings when entangling gate error rates are held equal.
- Hybrid physical/logical zero-noise extrapolation with limited logical executions
- Simulating the dynamics of an SU(2) matrix model on a trapped-ion quantum computer