The first informative astrophysical calibration of gravitational-wave detectors is reported using GW240925 and GW250207.
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Akutsuet al.(KAGRA), PTEP2021, 05A101 (2021), arXiv:2005.05574 [physics.ins-det]
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First joint population inference on binary black hole eccentricity from GWTC-4 bounds the eccentric branching ratio below 5% at 90% confidence, with results consistent with quasi-circular models but highly model-dependent.
All five NSBH events are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration; the joint posterior for GW200105_162426 disfavors both zero LOSA and zero eccentricity at 90% credibility.
A cross-correlation search of ~11,000 event pairs in GWTC-4 including sub-threshold candidates finds no lensed GW pairs above 3σ, setting an upper bound of ≤1.5/yr on the lensing rate.
A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
Dingo-Pop uses a transformer to perform amortized, end-to-end population inference from GW strain data in seconds, bypassing per-event Monte Carlo sampling.
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
The gwNRHME framework constructs a multi-modal non-spinning eccentric gravitational waveform surrogate by modulating quasi-circular models with universal eccentric functions, achieving median mismatches of ~9e-5 against 156 NR waveforms.
Demonstrates direct comparison of observable compact-binary populations from GW data to astrophysical models, with unbiased inference shown possible and applied to O3 data.
Joint strong-lensing and population inference on resolved gravitational-wave events finds no lensed events and tightens constraints on the black-hole merger rate peak redshift and high-redshift tail.
SEOBNRv6EHM reduces parameter biases for eccentric binaries versus prior models and shows mild support for eccentricity in five catalog events plus comparable unbound fits for three high-mass events.
Constrained polarization model for Kerr ringdown modes enables inclination inference from two-detector data for non-precessing mergers but introduces biases when applied to precessing systems.
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical transformation.
Two new surrogate models, trained on NR simulations, predict remnant properties and eccentricity dynamics for nonspinning eccentric black hole binaries with q ≤ 4 and e < 0.23.
Normalizing flows replace binned histograms for estimating multi-detector signal parameters in PyCBC, slashing storage by three orders of magnitude with under 0.05% sensitivity loss and up to 6.55% gains in specific cases.
A dirty-map space inference method allows recovery of SGWB angular power spectrum parameters from LIGO O3 simulations for strong signals in auto- and cross-correlation searches up to ℓ_max=10.
Maximum-likelihood-based posterior predictive checks detect model misspecification better than event-level versions for uncertain spin tilts, but current detector sensitivity limits their power; the Gaussian Component Spins model underpredicts high spin magnitudes and overpredicts anti-aligned tilts
Simulations show a 40-50 solar-mass black-hole cutoff is not guaranteed to be confidently recovered from GWTC-4-like catalogs, spurious detections are unlikely, and O4 data would reduce cutoff-mass uncertainty by at least 20 percent while yielding only a lower bound on the carbon-alpha reaction rate
GW250114 data constrains GR deviations in merger amplitude to 10% and frequency to 4% at 90% CL, with first bounds on the (4,4) mode frequency at 6%.
GWTC-4 data show a transition to nearly all hierarchical mergers above 46 solar masses, with the hierarchical rate peaking at 15.7 solar masses, indicating mass-dependent substructure in black hole spins.
Targeted eccentric search detects GW200105 with SNR 13.4 and FAR <1/1000 yr, consistent with dynamical formation of the NSBH binary.
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
BHPTNRSur2dq1e3 is a new surrogate model for spinning intermediate-mass-ratio black hole binary gravitational waves, constructed from ppBHPT training data with domain decomposition for retrograde modes and calibrated to NR simulations.
citing papers explorer
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GW240925 and GW250207: Astrophysical Calibration of Gravitational-wave Detectors
The first informative astrophysical calibration of gravitational-wave detectors is reported using GW240925 and GW250207.
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Population Properties of Binary Black Holes with Eccentricity
First joint population inference on binary black hole eccentricity from GWTC-4 bounds the eccentric branching ratio below 5% at 90% confidence, with results consistent with quasi-circular models but highly model-dependent.
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Joint inference of line-of-sight acceleration and orbital eccentricity in neutron-star--black-hole binaries
All five NSBH events are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration; the joint posterior for GW200105_162426 disfavors both zero LOSA and zero eccentricity at 90% credibility.
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Model-Independent Search Discards Faint Lensed-Pairs of Gravitational Wave Events in the Sub-Threshold Candidates of GWTC-4
A cross-correlation search of ~11,000 event pairs in GWTC-4 including sub-threshold candidates finds no lensed GW pairs above 3σ, setting an upper bound of ≤1.5/yr on the lensing rate.
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Contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder for core-collapse supernova gravitational-wave detection
A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
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End-to-End Population Inference from Gravitational-Wave Strain using Transformers
Dingo-Pop uses a transformer to perform amortized, end-to-end population inference from GW strain data in seconds, bypassing per-event Monte Carlo sampling.
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How lonely are the Binary Compact Objects Detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration?
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
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Including higher-order modes in a quadrupolar eccentric numerical relativity surrogate using universal eccentric modulation functions
The gwNRHME framework constructs a multi-modal non-spinning eccentric gravitational waveform surrogate by modulating quasi-circular models with universal eccentric functions, achieving median mismatches of ~9e-5 against 156 NR waveforms.
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Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space
Demonstrates direct comparison of observable compact-binary populations from GW data to astrophysical models, with unbiased inference shown possible and applied to O3 data.
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Joint population and strong-lensing inference for resolved gravitational-wave events probes the black-hole merger rate beyond the peak of star formation
Joint strong-lensing and population inference on resolved gravitational-wave events finds no lensed events and tightens constraints on the black-hole merger rate peak redshift and high-redshift tail.
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Eccentric and unbound compact binaries in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog: parameter estimation and waveform systematics with SEOBNRv6EHM
SEOBNRv6EHM reduces parameter biases for eccentric binaries versus prior models and shows mild support for eccentricity in five catalog events plus comparable unbound fits for three high-mass events.
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Polarization Analysis of Ringdown Signals
Constrained polarization model for Kerr ringdown modes enables inclination inference from two-detector data for non-precessing mergers but introduces biases when applied to precessing systems.
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N-body next-to-leading order gravitational spin-orbit interaction via effective field theory
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical transformation.
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Merger remnant and eccentricity dynamics surrogates for eccentric nonspinning black hole binaries
Two new surrogate models, trained on NR simulations, predict remnant properties and eccentricity dynamics for nonspinning eccentric black hole binaries with q ≤ 4 and e < 0.23.
-
Normalizing flows for density estimation in multi-detector gravitational-wave searches
Normalizing flows replace binned histograms for estimating multi-detector signal parameters in PyCBC, slashing storage by three orders of magnitude with under 0.05% sensitivity loss and up to 6.55% gains in specific cases.
-
Parameter Estimation of the Gravitational-Wave Angular Power Spectrum in the Dirty-Map Space
A dirty-map space inference method allows recovery of SGWB angular power spectrum parameters from LIGO O3 simulations for strong signals in auto- and cross-correlation searches up to ℓ_max=10.
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Posterior Predictive Checks for Gravitational-wave Populations: Limitations and Improvements
Maximum-likelihood-based posterior predictive checks detect model misspecification better than event-level versions for uncertain spin tilts, but current detector sensitivity limits their power; the Gaussian Component Spins model underpredicts high spin magnitudes and overpredicts anti-aligned tilts
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Measurement prospects for the pair-instability mass cutoff with gravitational waves
Simulations show a 40-50 solar-mass black-hole cutoff is not guaranteed to be confidently recovered from GWTC-4-like catalogs, spurious detections are unlikely, and O4 data would reduce cutoff-mass uncertainty by at least 20 percent while yielding only a lower bound on the carbon-alpha reaction rate
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Plunge-Merger-Ringdown Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data constrains GR deviations in merger amplitude to 10% and frequency to 4% at 90% CL, with first bounds on the (4,4) mode frequency at 6%.
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Signatures of a subpopulation of hierarchical mergers in the GWTC-4 gravitational-wave dataset
GWTC-4 data show a transition to nearly all hierarchical mergers above 46 solar masses, with the hierarchical rate peaking at 15.7 solar masses, indicating mass-dependent substructure in black hole spins.
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Detection of GW200105 with a targeted eccentric search
Targeted eccentric search detects GW200105 with SNR 13.4 and FAR <1/1000 yr, consistent with dynamical formation of the NSBH binary.
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Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Semi-analytic waveform model for scalar environments around black hole binaries is validated against numerical relativity and applied to LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to obtain upper limits on scalar densities with tentative evidence in GW190728.
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Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
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Gravitational wave surrogate model for spinning, intermediate mass ratio binaries based on perturbation theory and numerical relativity
BHPTNRSur2dq1e3 is a new surrogate model for spinning intermediate-mass-ratio black hole binary gravitational waves, constructed from ppBHPT training data with domain decomposition for retrograde modes and calibrated to NR simulations.
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Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Bayesian inference on LVK O1-O3 events with eccentric aligned-spin waveforms yields log10 Bayes factors of 1.77-4.75 favoring eccentricity for GW200129, GW190701 and GW200208_22, and >99.5% probability that at least one of 57 events is eccentric under an astrophysically motivated rate prior.
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Establishing Compactness as a Population Observable in Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
Hierarchical analysis of GWTC-3 events measures effective compactness C_eff = 0.5^{+0.3}_{-0.1} consistent with black holes and limits low-compactness exotic merger rate to <0.7 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.
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Constraining Gravitational Wave Memory with Hierarchical Inference
Hierarchical Bayesian inference on GWTC-5.0 constrains the memory enhancement factor to 0.26 with large uncertainties consistent with the GR value of 1 and forecasts that 2000 detections are needed for a 1σ constraint away from zero.
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Gravitational-wave constraints on $H_0$ are robust to (putative) redshift evolution in the binary black hole mass spectrum at current sensitivity
Spectral-siren H0 constraints from GWTC-4.0 binary black holes remain robust when the mass spectrum is permitted to evolve with redshift at current detector sensitivity.
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Assessing the imprint of eccentricity in GW signatures using two independent waveform models
Dual-model analysis of 162 GW sources disfavors eccentricity for most events but finds potential evidence in GW200129, GW231001, and GW231123.
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Agnostically decoding gravitational wave model deficiencies in GWTC-3
No evidence for a mass-scale dependent model deficiency is found in the highest-SNR GWTC-3 events.
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Emergent structure in the binary black hole mass distribution and implications for population-based cosmology
B-spline agnostic reconstruction of binary black hole masses from GWTC-4.0 reveals multiple features and a logarithmic hierarchy that impacts Hubble constant measurements, with a low-mass subpopulation isolation method to mitigate systematics.
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Detectability of Gravitational-Wave Memory with LISA: A Bayesian Approach
Bayesian parameter estimation on simulated LISA data establishes conditions for detecting displacement memory in MBHB events and projects observation rates from population models.
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Isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background reconstruction for Taiji constellation
A trans-dimensional MCMC pipeline recovers parameters of injected SGWB signals in Taiji simulations and reconstructs backgrounds with unknown spectral shapes.
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GW231123: Overlapping Gravitational Wave Signals?
GW231123 data favors an overlapping two-signal model over a single merger with Bayes factors of 100-10000, mitigating waveform-dependent discrepancies and suggesting possible gravitational lensing.
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Measuring gravitational wave spectrum from electroweak phase transition and Higgs self-couplings
Frequency-domain simulations of the Taiji mission, including noise and foregrounds, demonstrate that the stochastic gravitational wave background from an electroweak phase transition can constrain Higgs cubic and quartic self-couplings in a singlet-extended Standard Model despite degeneracies.
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Global time-frequency search for stellar-mass binary black holes in LISA
A time-frequency semi-coherent search pipeline detects stellar-mass BBH inspirals in LISA data down to coherent SNR of approximately 11-14 on the Yorsh data challenge for aligned-spin, low-eccentricity systems.
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Biased parameter inference of eccentric, spin-precessing binary black holes
Eccentric BBH signals recovered with quasi-circular precessing models show biases in chirp mass and χ_p; Bayes factors favor eccentric aligned-spin models when both eccentricity and precession are present.
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Plunge spectra as discriminators of black hole mimickers
Plunge spectra of extreme mass ratio events onto black hole mimickers show a low-frequency resonance comb and a high-frequency deviation from black hole behavior above Mω_th ≈ 0.39.
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GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
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Persistence of post-Newtonian amplitude structure in binary black hole mergers
Fits to numerical relativity data indicate that leading-order post-Newtonian dependence on mass ratio persists in several modes of binary black hole mergers through the merger, while low-degree polynomials capture deviations in higher modes.
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Disentangling spinning and nonspinning binary black hole populations with spin sorting
Spin sorting with the default spin model distinguishes spinning and nonspinning binary black hole populations in simulations and shows real data rule out a fully nonspinning population but allow mixed ones with up to 80% nonspinning sources.
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Parameter Estimation with Targeted Eccentric Numerical-Relativity Simulations for GW200208_22 and GW190620
Bayesian parameter estimation with targeted eccentric numerical-relativity waveforms yields eccentricity estimates of e20 ≈ 0.2 for GW200208_22 and e10 ≈ 0.19 for GW190620, reinforcing the eccentric hypothesis.
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Compactness Inference in Gravitational-Wave Mergers with PhenomDECO: Catalog Benchmarks and Robustness Diagnostics
Compactness inference on GWTC-3 events confirms consistency with binary black hole sources after frequency-cut diagnostics show low-compactness modes are noise artifacts.
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PyCBC Live Search for Compact Binary Mergers in Advanced LIGO and Virgo's Fourth Observing Run
PyCBC Live for O4 adds time-dependent background modeling, early warning search, and improved autogating, delivering sensitivity gains of 1.7-2.3x for coincident searches in mock data challenges.
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Constraining Lorentz symmetry breaking in bumblebee gravity with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
LISA can constrain the Lorentz symmetry breaking parameter ell in bumblebee gravity to O(10^{-4}) uncertainty via EMRI waveform analysis in the AAK framework.
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Gravitational-wave astronomy requires population-informed parameter estimation
Population-informed hierarchical parameter estimation is required for unbiased astrophysical interpretation of gravitational-wave events rather than using standard individual posteriors with reference priors.
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Basilic: An end-to-end pipeline for Bayesian burst inference and model classification in gravitational-wave data
Basilic is an end-to-end Bayesian pipeline for gravitational-wave burst inference and model classification, with a case study showing signal degeneracies between binary black hole mergers and cosmic strings.
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VIGILant: an automatic classification pipeline for glitches in the Virgo detector
VIGILant applies tree-based models and a ResNet CNN to classify Virgo O3b glitches with 98% accuracy and has been deployed for daily use with an interactive dashboard.
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Investigating the effect of sensitivity of KAGRA on sky localization of gravitational-wave sources from compact binary coalescences
KAGRA enhances sky localization of binary neutron star mergers in the LVK network via added baselines, with measurable gains at current sensitivity and larger improvements as range reaches ~30 Mpc.
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GW190711_030756 and GW200114_020818: astrophysical interpretation of two asymmetric binary black hole mergers in the IAS catalog
Two asymmetric BBH mergers are characterized with mass ratios 0.35 and ≤0.20; one shows high spins, negative χ_eff, and strong precession, suggesting an emerging population of massive rapidly spinning systems.