The authors implement and validate nuclear networks coupled to GRRMHD with M1 neutrino transport in Gmunu, showing effects on core-collapse supernova shock revival and composition.
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abstract
Nucleosynthesis, light curves, explosion energies, and remnant masses are calculated for a grid of supernovae resulting from massive stars with solar metallicity and masses from 9.0 to 120 solar masses. The full evolution is followed using an adaptive reaction network of up to 2000 nuclei. A novel aspect of the survey is the use of a one-dimensional neutrino transport model for the explosion. This explosion model has been calibrated to give the observed energy for SN 1987A, using several standard progenitors, and for the Crab supernova using a 9.6 solar mass progenitor. As a result of using a calibrated central engine, the final kinetic energy of the supernova is variable and sensitive to the structure of the presupernova star. Many progenitors with extended core structures do not explode, but become black holes, and the masses of exploding stars do not form a simply connected set. The resulting nucleosynthesis agrees reasonably well with the sun provided that a reasonable contribution from Type Ia supernovae is also allowed, but with a deficiency of light s-process isotopes. The resulting neutron star IMF has a mean gravitational mass near 1.4 solar masses. The average black hole mass is about 9 solar masses if only the helium core implodes, and 14 solar masses if the entire presupernova star collapses. Only ~10% of supernovae come from stars over 20 solar masses and some of these are Type Ib or Ic. Some useful systematics of Type IIp light curves are explored.
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Higher-Mach-number self-similar shock solutions in failed supernovae are unstable and strengthen asymptotically above a critical neutrino mass-loss threshold, explaining greater ejection in red supergiants versus compact progenitors.
MOFAT applied to SN2024ggi shows CO triggering inner SiO formation with a receding edge, order-of-magnitude mass drop, clumping signatures, and no dust formation.
Spectroscopic observations of six low-mass, metal-poor SLSN host galaxies reveal slow stellar-wind-driven outflows with velocities 37-104 km/s and mass-loading factors below 1 in the earliest phases of star formation.
pGMCA separation of Chandra data yields the first uncontaminated X-ray maps of Sgr A East, with spectral fits showing lower ionization age and higher electron density than prior reports.
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
Middle-aged PWNe exhibit diverse reverberation-phase evolution but converge to Sedov-like states; 2D instabilities increase apparent size by up to 50% without changing global dynamics, supporting 1D model robustness.
Physics-based annual TSI reconstruction over three millennia yields a maximum difference of 1.04 W/m² in 50-year running means.
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
Population synthesis from binary evolution models predicts periodic neutron star-companion interactions in more than half of surviving hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae, with periods peaking at 20-50 days and lasting 0.5-10 years.
Nebular spectroscopy of low-luminosity Type IIP SNe from ZTF identifies two plausible ECSN candidates but derives an upper limit on the ECSN rate of ≲(5–8)×10² Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ implying a sAGB mass window narrower than 0.06 M⊙.
Late-time IR spectroscopy of SN 2024ggi shows varied line morphologies implying chemical inhomogeneity and aspherical ionization, with modeling favoring 12-15 solar mass progenitors but only high-mass energetic 3D simulations matching the observed Ni mixing extent.
Metallicity-dependent explodability prescriptions for massive stars reproduce observed galactic abundance trends when used in chemical evolution models and permit a simplified form that alleviates the red supergiant problem without violating those trends, provided net outflows are negligible and the
Fast flavor conversion of neutrinos bifurcates supernova explosion outcomes: it aids shock revival in low-mass progenitors but inhibits it in higher-mass ones, controlled by mass accretion rate.
New VLT observations of He I* absorbers yield a primordial ³He/⁴He ratio of (1.15^{+0.24}_{-0.21})×10^{-4} consistent with standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, plus an updated stellar yield scaling factor.
SCAT DR1 delivers 1810 spectra of 1330 transients with classifications, fitted light curves, new redshifts for many host galaxies, and host properties as a testbed for photometric classification pipelines.
Broad-lined Type Ic supernovae are powered by magnetar engines, showing a universal ejecta-mass versus initial-spin correlation across stripped-envelope supernova types that supports a common progenitor framework.
Efficient mass transfer in binaries naturally limits the mass of the first-born black hole and produces a sharp drop above 45 solar masses that mimics the pair-instability gap.
Accretion laws with super-linear mass dependence produce divergent population evolution that broadens compact-object mass distributions and drives binary mass ratios toward unity, providing a pathway to massive gravitational-wave sources.
Depositing stellar luminosity in an inner shell and cooling low-density outer cells produces a stable pulsating 3D red supergiant model for common envelope simulations without relaxation.
New 59Fe beta-decay rates in non-rotating MESA models suppress 60Fe yields by 0.28 dex, yielding a Salpeter-IMF-integrated 60Fe/26Al flux ratio of 0.18 that matches the observed 0.184 ± 0.042.
Neutrino flavor conversion in supernova cores can enhance or suppress explodability depending on the conversion location, independent of progenitor mass.
Simulations of 195 stellar progenitors indicate that neutrino flavor conversion alters explodability and remnant mass distributions, particularly for stars of 16-30 solar masses.
Core-collapse supernova models including C-O shell mergers best match observed elemental ratios in Cas A, indicating mergers occur and contribute up to 20-30% of 44Ti outside the reverse shock.
citing papers explorer
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Toward First-Principles Multi-Messenger Predictions: Coupling Nuclear Networks with GR Radiation-MHD in {\tt Gmunu}
The authors implement and validate nuclear networks coupled to GRRMHD with M1 neutrino transport in Gmunu, showing effects on core-collapse supernova shock revival and composition.
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On the Origin of Mass Ejection in Failed Supernovae
Higher-Mach-number self-similar shock solutions in failed supernovae are unstable and strengthen asymptotically above a critical neutrino mass-loss threshold, explaining greater ejection in red supergiants versus compact progenitors.
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Probing the 3D Structures of Supernovae through IR Signatures of CO and SiO
MOFAT applied to SN2024ggi shows CO triggering inner SiO formation with a receding edge, order-of-magnitude mass drop, clumping signatures, and no dust formation.
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Witnessing the onset of stellar winds in Super-Luminous Supernova Hosts: implications for star-formation-driven outflows in low and high-redshift galaxies
Spectroscopic observations of six low-mass, metal-poor SLSN host galaxies reveal slow stellar-wind-driven outflows with velocities 37-104 km/s and mass-loading factors below 1 in the earliest phases of star formation.
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Isolating Sgr A East: The First Uncontaminated X-ray Maps of a Galactic Center Supernova Remnant
pGMCA separation of Chandra data yields the first uncontaminated X-ray maps of Sgr A East, with spectral fits showing lower ionization age and higher electron density than prior reports.
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The evolution of the galaxy gas-phase mass-metallicity relation from $z=15$ to $z=0$ in the COLIBRE cosmological simulations
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
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Modelling the Dynamics of Middle-Aged Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Reverberation Phase
Middle-aged PWNe exhibit diverse reverberation-phase evolution but converge to Sedov-like states; 2D instabilities increase apparent size by up to 50% without changing global dynamics, supporting 1D model robustness.
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Reconstruction of annual solar irradiance over the last three millennia
Physics-based annual TSI reconstruction over three millennia yields a maximum difference of 1.04 W/m² in 50-year running means.
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Massquerade: Impacts of Mass Ratio Reversals on Binary Black Hole Merger Rates and Mass Distributions
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
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Neutron star-companion interaction in core collapse supernovae. Population synthesis based on detailed binary evolution models
Population synthesis from binary evolution models predicts periodic neutron star-companion interactions in more than half of surviving hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae, with periods peaking at 20-50 days and lasting 0.5-10 years.
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Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. III: Hunting for electron-capture supernovae using nebular spectroscopy
Nebular spectroscopy of low-luminosity Type IIP SNe from ZTF identifies two plausible ECSN candidates but derives an upper limit on the ECSN rate of ≲(5–8)×10² Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ implying a sAGB mass window narrower than 0.06 M⊙.
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Mapping 3-D Explosive Nucleosynthesis with Type II Supernova Infrared Emission Lines
Late-time IR spectroscopy of SN 2024ggi shows varied line morphologies implying chemical inhomogeneity and aspherical ionization, with modeling favoring 12-15 solar mass progenitors but only high-mass energetic 3D simulations matching the observed Ni mixing extent.
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Constraints on the Metallicity-dependent Explodability of Massive Stars from Galactic Chemical Evolution: Toward Alleviating the Red Supergiant Problem
Metallicity-dependent explodability prescriptions for massive stars reproduce observed galactic abundance trends when used in chemical evolution models and permit a simplified form that alleviates the red supergiant problem without violating those trends, provided net outflows are negligible and the
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Bifurcated Impact of Neutrino Fast Flavor Conversion on Core-collapse Supernovae Informed by Multi-angle Neutrino Radiation Hydrodynamics
Fast flavor conversion of neutrinos bifurcates supernova explosion outcomes: it aids shock revival in low-mass progenitors but inhibits it in higher-mass ones, controlled by mass accretion rate.
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Towards a measurement of the primordial helium isotope ratio
New VLT observations of He I* absorbers yield a primordial ³He/⁴He ratio of (1.15^{+0.24}_{-0.21})×10^{-4} consistent with standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, plus an updated stellar yield scaling factor.
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SCAT Data Release 1: 1810 optical spectra of 1330 transients
SCAT DR1 delivers 1810 spectra of 1330 transients with classifications, fitted light curves, new redshifts for many host galaxies, and host properties as a testbed for photometric classification pipelines.
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Magnetar Engines in Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae and a Unified Picture for Magnetar-powered Stripped-envelope Supernovae
Broad-lined Type Ic supernovae are powered by magnetar engines, showing a universal ejecta-mass versus initial-spin correlation across stripped-envelope supernova types that supports a common progenitor framework.
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Binary Evolution Can Mimic the Pair-Instability Mass Gap in Black Hole Mergers
Efficient mass transfer in binaries naturally limits the mass of the first-born black hole and produces a sharp drop above 45 solar masses that mimics the pair-instability gap.
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Accretion-Driven Evolution of Compact-Object Populations in Gas-Rich Environments and the Origin of Massive Gravitational-Wave Sources
Accretion laws with super-linear mass dependence produce divergent population evolution that broadens compact-object mass distributions and drives binary mass ratios toward unity, providing a pathway to massive gravitational-wave sources.
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Building three-dimensional giant stellar models for common envelope simulations
Depositing stellar luminosity in an inner shell and cooling low-density outer cells produces a stable pulsating 3D red supergiant model for common envelope simulations without relaxation.
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The Impact of the New $^{59}$Fe Decay Rates on $^{60}$Fe and $^{26}$Al Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
New 59Fe beta-decay rates in non-rotating MESA models suppress 60Fe yields by 0.28 dex, yielding a Salpeter-IMF-integrated 60Fe/26Al flux ratio of 0.18 that matches the observed 0.184 ± 0.042.
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Flavor Conversion Enhances or Suppresses Supernova Explodability Independent of the Progenitor Mass
Neutrino flavor conversion in supernova cores can enhance or suppress explodability depending on the conversion location, independent of progenitor mass.
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Neutrino Flavor Conversion Shapes the Rate of Failed Core-collapse Supernovae
Simulations of 195 stellar progenitors indicate that neutrino flavor conversion alters explodability and remnant mass distributions, particularly for stars of 16-30 solar masses.
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Production of heavy $\alpha$-elements and $^{44}$Ti in Cas A: comparison to abundances from 1D core-collapse supernova models and evidence for Carbon-Oxygen shell mergers
Core-collapse supernova models including C-O shell mergers best match observed elemental ratios in Cas A, indicating mergers occur and contribute up to 20-30% of 44Ti outside the reverse shock.
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Mass Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers from Young and Old Dense Star Clusters
N-body models of young and old dense star clusters show BBH mergers span primary masses from ~6 to >100 solar masses with a peak near 8 solar masses, reproducing the LIGO-inferred distribution, with low-mass mergers mostly from metal-rich clusters.
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The impact of asymmetric neutrino emissions on nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
Asymmetric neutrino emissions produce proton-rich ejecta in one hemisphere and neutron-rich ejecta in the other, with asymmetries of 30% or more overproducing elements heavier than zinc relative to solar abundances.
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The SRG/eROSITA diffuse soft X-ray background II. spectra and morphology of the eROSITA bubbles in the western Galactic hemisphere
Spectra of the western eROSITA bubbles reveal two uniform components at 0.60 keV and 0.21 keV with sub-solar abundances, plus a geometrical model constraining horizontal size to ~6 kpc but leaving vertical extent uncertain.
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The neighboring stars of N6946-BH1 and the observational characteristics of failed supernovae
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Revisiting the Perseus Cluster II: Metallicity-Dependence of Massive Stars and Chemical Enrichment History
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Constraints on Binarity for the Extreme Oe Variable Star AzV 493
Chandra and spectroscopic observations of AzV 493 produce an X-ray luminosity upper limit of <2.5e33 erg/s and inconclusive RV variations, leaving binarity unconfirmed.
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Comparative Study of Two Luminous Red Novae I. Progenitor Modeling and Dust Formation
Binary evolution modeling constrains donor masses of 14-23 solar masses for two luminous red novae and shows dust masses are 1-5 orders of magnitude below total ejected envelope masses.
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Uncovering the Next Galactic Supernova with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Simulations indicate the Vera C. Rubin Observatory can optimally localize nearly all observable galactic supernova neutrino triggers and has a 57-97% chance of catching the optical supernova.
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The impact of new ($\alpha$, n) reaction rates on the weak s-process in metal-poor massive stars
New 17O+α and 22Ne+α rates increase weak s-process yields by tens of times in Z=10^{-3} stars of 15-30 solar masses.
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A Path to Constraints on Common Envelope Ejection in Massive Binaries: Full Evolutionary Reconstruction of Three Black Hole X-ray Binaries
Reconstruction of GRO J1655-40, SAX J1819.3-2525 and 4U 1543-47 requires CE efficiencies α_0.5U ≳6.7, α_U ≳4.2, α_H ≳1.7 with no solutions below unity, implying need for additional energy or formalism changes plus natal kicks ≳50 km/s for 4U 1543-47.
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Transforming X-ray Binary Astrophysics with SKA+VLBI
SKA+VLBI will deliver microarcsecond astrometry, polarimetry, and rapid multi-frequency imaging to track jets and accretion in X-ray binaries on AU scales.
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Sub-luminous Type IIP SN 2024abfl as a result of a significantly low energy Fe-core collapse
SN 2024abfl is a sub-luminous Type IIP event from a compact progenitor exploding with energy at most 0.05 foe and nickel mass 0.003 solar masses.
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