DataComp-VLM benchmark shows instruction-heavy data mixing outperforms filtering for VLM training, with DCVLM-Baseline achieving 63.6% on 33 tasks for 8B models (+5.4pp over FineVision).
super hub Mixed citations
Qwen2.5 Technical Report
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (64%).
999
Pith papers citing it
Background
64% of classified citations
abstract
In this report, we introduce Qwen2.5, a comprehensive series of large language models (LLMs) designed to meet diverse needs. Compared to previous iterations, Qwen 2.5 has been significantly improved during both the pre-training and post-training stages. In terms of pre-training, we have scaled the high-quality pre-training datasets from the previous 7 trillion tokens to 18 trillion tokens. This provides a strong foundation for common sense, expert knowledge, and reasoning capabilities. In terms of post-training, we implement intricate supervised finetuning with over 1 million samples, as well as multistage reinforcement learning. Post-training techniques enhance human preference, and notably improve long text generation, structural data analysis, and instruction following. To handle diverse and varied use cases effectively, we present Qwen2.5 LLM series in rich sizes. Open-weight offerings include base and instruction-tuned models, with quantized versions available. In addition, for hosted solutions, the proprietary models currently include two mixture-of-experts (MoE) variants: Qwen2.5-Turbo and Qwen2.5-Plus, both available from Alibaba Cloud Model Studio. Qwen2.5 has demonstrated top-tier performance on a wide range of benchmarks evaluating language understanding, reasoning, mathematics, coding, human preference alignment, etc. Specifically, the open-weight flagship Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct outperforms a number of open and proprietary models and demonstrates competitive performance to the state-of-the-art open-weight model, Llama-3-405B-Instruct, which is around 5 times larger. Qwen2.5-Turbo and Qwen2.5-Plus offer superior cost-effectiveness while performing competitively against GPT-4o-mini and GPT-4o respectively. Additionally, as the foundation, Qwen2.5 models have been instrumental in training specialized models such as Qwen2.5-Math, Qwen2.5-Coder, QwQ, and multimodal models.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 89
method 21
baseline 13
other 8
dataset 7
citation-polarity summary
claims ledger
- abstract In this report, we introduce Qwen2.5, a comprehensive series of large language models (LLMs) designed to meet diverse needs. Compared to previous iterations, Qwen 2.5 has been significantly improved during both the pre-training and post-training stages. In terms of pre-training, we have scaled the high-quality pre-training datasets from the previous 7 trillion tokens to 18 trillion tokens. This provides a strong foundation for common sense, expert knowledge, and reasoning capabilities. In terms of post-training, we implement intricate supervised finetuning with over 1 million samples, as well
authors
co-cited works
representative citing papers
EGLR adds a deterministic layer-recursion axis gated by entropy that is complementary to temperature sampling, raising joint oracle accuracy on MATH-500 from 83.4% to 91.6% for a 3B model.
KV cache quantization silently erodes LLM safety alignment via vulnerable low-dimensional subspaces, diagnosed by Per-Channel Reduction into three failure modes and mitigated training-free with up to 97% recovery.
EnergyAgentBench is a new benchmark with 70 task variants that evaluates LLM agents on live energy data for datacenter siting, long-horizon optimization, and causal grid diagnosis.
Acceptance Cards is a new four-diagnostic standard for safe fine-tuning defense claims that requires statistical reliability, fresh semantic generalization, mechanism alignment, and cross-task transfer; under this protocol SafeLoRA fails the full-card pass on Gemma-2-2B-it.
FormalRewardBench is the first benchmark for reward models in formal theorem proving, consisting of 250 Lean 4 preference pairs that show frontier LLMs scoring 59.8% while specialized provers score only 24.4%.
Creates the first benchmark dataset integrating papers, slides, videos, and presentations for evaluating AI models on fine-grained multimodal correspondences in science.
ArgBench unifies 33 existing datasets into a standardized benchmark for testing LLMs across 46 argumentation tasks and analyzes the impact of prompting techniques and model factors on performance.
RLCracker is a reinforcement learning attack that erases LLM watermarks at 98.5% success rate with minimal data and generalizes across ten schemes and multiple model sizes.
LLaDA is a scalable diffusion-based language model that matches autoregressive LLMs like LLaMA3 8B on tasks and surpasses GPT-4o on reversal poem completion.
Static SFT and RL training for tool-use agents leads to performance drops under open-world distributional shifts across perception, interaction, reasoning and internalization; perturbation-augmented fine-tuning is proposed as mitigation.
Multi-agent LLMs generate and verify 14,073 deterministic reaction rules from 665,901 patents, enabling 97.7% classification of unseen reactions with finer resolution than fixed proprietary systems.
TASA improves task-aware mixed-precision LLM quantization by searching calibration data mixtures via gradient-trace alignment and aggregating perplexity plus reasoning sensitivity signals, enabling 3.5-bit models to match or beat 4-bit baselines with over 20-point gains on GSM8K.
Answer-in-context diagnostic outperforms recall for predicting RAG F1 under budget constraints and a submodular packer yields up to +5.1 F1 gains on HotpotQA for 3B readers when multi-hop structure, retrieval coverage, and weak-reader conditions align.
Releases SEFORA corpus of instructor feedback on college writing and UniMatch evaluation showing no LLM configuration exceeds 0.4 F1 in matching instructor priorities.
TRIAGE augments GRPO with role-typed segment rewards derived from a judge that detects regression and exploration, yielding higher success rates and fewer turns on ALFWorld, Search-QA, and WebShop.
FlexiSLM is the first spoken language model supporting dynamic and controllable frame rates on speech input and output, outperforming fixed-rate 7B models at high quality and enabling faster inference at lower rates like 6.25 Hz.
Cortex uses an Ontological Corpus Graph to structure web-scale corpora, creating a refined 24.14B-token corpus and a new benchmark validated on eight LLMs.
Fuzzing via Gaussian noise on weights or residual activations elicits hidden backdoor behaviors more often than temperature sampling on four of six models, with proxy-task hyperparameter selection via Thompson sampling improving results over uniform sweeps.
Anisotropy, quantified by dominant-dimension variance fraction, determines the best parameter-free similarity metric for text embeddings, with rank-based metrics gaining ~20% relative where cosine is weakest.
CRAFT is a three-pillar credit assignment scheme that uses counterfactual token importance from GRPO sibling rollouts to provide signed per-token distillation signals in self-distilled agentic RL.
Turn-averaged SAEs reconstruct average activations over conversation turns to represent high-level turn characteristics with a fixed number of features, simplifying long-context interpretability compared to per-token SAEs.
Ko-WideSearch is a new Korean breadth-search benchmark spanning 16 categories and three difficulty tiers that evaluates web agents on full set membership plus per-item attributes, showing consistent gaps between set recovery and row completion.
LaViD distills LLM conceptual knowledge to vision models via LLM-generated MCQ soft labels, outperforming vision-language distillation baselines on fine-grained benchmarks while improving robustness on spurious correlation datasets.
citing papers explorer
-
Large Language Diffusion Models
LLaDA is a scalable diffusion-based language model that matches autoregressive LLMs like LLaMA3 8B on tasks and surpasses GPT-4o on reversal poem completion.
-
LEAF-SQL: Level-wise Exploration with Adaptive Fine-graining for Text-to-SQL Skeleton Prediction
LEAF-SQL uses level-wise exploration with adaptive fine-graining and dual agents to generate diverse SQL skeletons, reaching 71.6% execution accuracy on the BIRD benchmark and outperforming prior search- and skeleton-based methods.
-
The Attacker in the Mirror: Breaking Self-Consistency in Safety via Anchored Bipolicy Self-Play
Anchored Bipolicy Self-Play trains role-specific LoRA adapters on a frozen base model to break self-consistency collapse in self-play red-teaming, yielding up to 100x parameter efficiency and stronger safety on Qwen2.5 models.
-
LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAG
LatentRAG performs agentic RAG by generating latent tokens for thoughts and subqueries in one forward pass, matching explicit methods' accuracy on seven benchmarks while reducing latency by ~90%.
-
Cambrian-P: Pose-Grounded Video Understanding
Cambrian-P adds per-frame camera pose tokens and a regression head to video MLLMs, delivering 4.5-6.5% gains on spatial benchmarks, generalization to other video QA tasks, and SOTA streaming pose estimation on ScanNet.
-
Distribution Corrected Offline Data Distillation for Large Language Models
A distribution-correction framework for offline LLM reasoning distillation improves accuracy on math benchmarks by adaptively aligning teacher supervision with the student's inference-time distribution.
-
LLaVA-CKD: Bottom-Up Cascaded Knowledge Distillation for Vision-Language Models
A cascaded knowledge distillation method with intermediate teachers improves efficiency of vision-language models like LLaVA while achieving state-of-the-art results on seven VQA benchmarks.
-
MLAIRE: Multilingual Language-Aware Information Retrieval Evaluation Protocal
MLAIRE is a protocol that evaluates multilingual retrievers on both semantic accuracy and query-language preference using parallel passages and new metrics like LPR and Lang-nDCG, showing that standard metrics hide distinct behavioral differences among retrievers.
-
Aspect-Aware Content-Based Recommendations for Mathematical Research Papers
The authors introduce aspect-aware datasets GoldRiM and SilverRiM for math papers and AchGNN, a heterogeneous GNN that outperforms prior methods by jointly modeling textual semantics, citations, and author lineage across aspects.
-
Let ViT Speak: Generative Language-Image Pre-training
GenLIP pretrains ViTs to generate language tokens from images via LM objective without contrastive batches or extra decoders, matching baselines on less data and improving on OCR after multi-resolution continued pretraining.
-
Meta-CoT: Enhancing Granularity and Generalization in Image Editing
Meta-CoT uses two-level decomposition of editing operations into meta-tasks and a CoT consistency reward to improve granularity and generalization, reporting 15.8% gains across 21 tasks.
-
One Token per Highly Selective Frame: Towards Extreme Compression for Long Video Understanding
XComp reaches extreme video compression (one token per selective frame) via learnable progressive token compression and question-conditioned frame selection, lifting LVBench accuracy from 42.9 percent to 46.2 percent after tuning on 2.5 percent of standard data.
-
GrandCode: Achieving Grandmaster Level in Competitive Programming via Agentic Reinforcement Learning
GrandCode is the first AI system to consistently beat all human participants and place first in live Codeforces competitive programming contests.
-
Self-Supervised Bootstrapping of Action-Predictive Embodied Reasoning
R&B-EnCoRe uses self-supervised importance-weighted variational inference to distill action-predictive reasoning datasets that improve VLA performance on manipulation, navigation, and driving tasks without external verifiers.
-
Cambrian-S: Towards Spatial Supersensing in Video
Cambrian-S introduces VSI-SUPER benchmarks for long-horizon spatial recall and counting, shows data scaling yields 30% gains on existing tests, and demonstrates a self-supervised next-latent predictor using surprise outperforms baselines on the new spatial supersensing tasks.
-
MindMirror: A Local-First Multimodal State-Aware Support System for Digital Workers
MindMirror combines camera-based emotion detection, structured reflection prompts, and a local LLM into a closed workflow that helps digital workers notice and address fatigue or task blockage while keeping all processing on the user's machine.
-
CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations
CPGRec+ improves game recommendations on Steam data by reweighting player-game edges with signed preference strengths and using LLMs to generate preference-aware descriptions, yielding higher accuracy and diversity than prior models.
-
BRIDGE: Multimodal-to-Text Retrieval via Reinforcement-Learned Query Alignment
BRIDGE reaches 29.7 nDCG@10 on MM-BRIGHT by RL-aligning multimodal queries to text and using a reasoning retriever, beating multimodal encoders and, when combined with Nomic-Vision, exceeding the best text-only retriever at 33.3.
-
Show-o2: Improved Native Unified Multimodal Models
Show-o2 unifies text, image, and video understanding and generation in a single autoregressive-plus-flow-matching model built on 3D causal VAE representations.
-
Seedance 1.0: Exploring the Boundaries of Video Generation Models
Seedance 1.0 generates 5-second 1080p videos in about 41 seconds with claimed superior motion quality, prompt adherence, and multi-shot consistency compared to prior models.
-
VideoLLaMA 3: Frontier Multimodal Foundation Models for Image and Video Understanding
VideoLLaMA3 uses a vision-centric training paradigm and token-reduction design to reach competitive results on image and video benchmarks.