Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
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The Science of the Einstein Telescope
25 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
Einstein Telescope (ET) is the European project for a gravitational-wave (GW) observatory of third-generation. In this paper we present a comprehensive discussion of its science objectives, providing state-of-the-art predictions for the capabilities of ET in both geometries currently under consideration, a single-site triangular configuration or two L-shaped detectors. We discuss the impact that ET will have on domains as broad and diverse as fundamental physics, cosmology, early Universe, astrophysics of compact objects, physics of matter in extreme conditions, and dynamics of stellar collapse. We discuss how the study of extreme astrophysical events will be enhanced by multi-messenger observations. We highlight the ET synergies with ground-based and space-borne GW observatories, including multi-band investigations of the same sources, improved parameter estimation, and complementary information on astrophysical or cosmological mechanisms obtained combining observations from different frequency bands. We present advancements in waveform modeling dedicated to third-generation observatories, along with open tools developed within the ET Collaboration for assessing the scientific potentials of different detector configurations. We finally discuss the data analysis challenges posed by third-generation observatories, which will enable access to large populations of sources and provide unprecedented precision.
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2026 25representative citing papers
Tensor-induced non-Gaussianity from primordial gravitational waves generates a unique scale-dependent halo bias correction that can reach order-one amplitude for rare high-redshift halos at z=7.
Bumblebee gravity perturbations decouple exactly into gravitational and vector sectors, with gravitational modes dynamically immune to Lorentz violation and odd-even parities strictly isospectral.
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
Derives large-eccentricity asymptotics for post-Newtonian eccentric waveform Fourier modes and builds a fast endpoint-constrained analytic approximation with error under 10^{-3} valid to p=200.
Viscous neutron stars have new families of axial oscillation modes without perfect-fluid counterparts, featuring mode avoidance and long-lived modes.
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
Pyramid interferometers use non-coplanar geometry to create a channel sensitive only to net helicity in the cosmological gravitational wave background while remaining blind to the unpolarized component.
A general relativistic derivation of gravitational wave response in an optically levitated cavity sensor reveals position-dependent strain sensitivity and suppressed input-mirror noise coupling.
Using simulated binary black hole mergers and neutral hydrogen maps, the radio sirens method constrains H0 to 8% precision with 3000 high-SNR events, offering a 90% improvement over standard dark siren analyses.
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
A unified confluent HeunC framework computes gravitational-wave fluxes from generic Kerr orbits with 10^{-11} relative errors and speedups of 3-60x over existing packages for low- and high-order modes.
Neural network surrogate approximates precessing compact binary gravitational waveforms up to 1000x faster than the base EOB model with validated accuracy.
pyEFPEHM extends prior PN models to include higher-order quasi-circular phasing, generalized precession solutions, and eccentric corrections up to 1PN in selected multipoles for eccentric precessing binaries with matter effects.
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
No evidence for core-collapse formed low-spin IMBHs in GWTC-4, with 90% upper limit on merger rate of 0.077 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, low-spin BH mass truncation at 65 solar masses consistent with pair-instability gap lower edge, and high-spin IMBHs from hierarchical mergers.
Machine learning extracts core rotation and signal properties from CCSN gravitational waves, with next-generation detectors constraining rotation beyond 100 kpc for favorable orientations despite some uncertainties.
K-inflation with non-canonical kinetic term G(φ) shifts α-attractor T-models and natural inflation into the Planck-ACT-LB-BK18 allowed region while satisfying Swampland conjectures and producing testable GW spectra.
Exact Hawking area law from black hole mergers restricts quantum gravity to singular Ricci-flat or specific regular black holes in Stelle and nonlocal theories, derives the standard entropy-area law, and realizes Barrow fractal black holes.
Numerical simulations of black hole-boson star binaries show that scalar self-interactions can suppress tidal disruption while radiative efficiency depends on the chosen potential.
LISA can constrain non-axisymmetric mass quadrupole deformations at the 10^{-3} level and axisymmetric mass octupole deformations at the 10^{-2} level in EMRI signals to test fuzzball proposals.
A geometrical method is introduced for analyzing transient gravitational waves to estimate efficiencies of different detector configurations.
Baselines of 8-11 ms light travel time for two CE detectors provide a reasonable compromise for BBH sky localization, with third detectors eliminating multimodality for most or all events.
A review summarizing machine learning methods for multi-messenger probes of dark matter and new physics, with a proposed plan for future integrated analyses.
citing papers explorer
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Nonlocal-in-time tail effects in gravitational scattering to fifth Post-Minkowskian and tenth self-force orders
Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
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Tracing Primordial Gravitational Waves via non-Gaussian Signatures of Halo Bias
Tensor-induced non-Gaussianity from primordial gravitational waves generates a unique scale-dependent halo bias correction that can reach order-one amplitude for rare high-redshift halos at z=7.
-
Gravitational-Bumblebee perturbations: Exact decoupling and isospectrality
Bumblebee gravity perturbations decouple exactly into gravitational and vector sectors, with gravitational modes dynamically immune to Lorentz violation and odd-even parities strictly isospectral.
-
Axial tidal Love numbers of black holes in matter environments
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
-
Large-Eccentricity Asymptotics and Fast Analytic Approximation for Fourier modes of Post-Newtonian Eccentric Waveforms
Derives large-eccentricity asymptotics for post-Newtonian eccentric waveform Fourier modes and builds a fast endpoint-constrained analytic approximation with error under 10^{-3} valid to p=200.
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Axial Oscillations of Viscous Neutron Stars
Viscous neutron stars have new families of axial oscillation modes without perfect-fluid counterparts, featuring mode avoidance and long-lived modes.
-
Novel ringdown tests of general relativity with black hole greybody factors
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
-
Pyramid Interferometers: Direct Access to Cosmological Gravitational Wave Chirality
Pyramid interferometers use non-coplanar geometry to create a channel sensitive only to net helicity in the cosmological gravitational wave background while remaining blind to the unpolarized component.
-
Gravitational wave signal and noise response of an optically levitated sensor in a Fabry-P\'erot cavity
A general relativistic derivation of gravitational wave response in an optically levitated cavity sensor reveals position-dependent strain sensitivity and suppressed input-mirror noise coupling.
-
Radio sirens: inferring $H_0$ with binary black holes and neutral hydrogen in the era of the Einstein Telescope and the SKA Observatory
Using simulated binary black hole mergers and neutral hydrogen maps, the radio sirens method constrains H0 to 8% precision with 3000 high-SNR events, offering a 90% improvement over standard dark siren analyses.
-
Prospects for multi-messenger discovery of the gravitational-wave background anisotropies via cross-correlation with galaxies
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
-
Efficient and Stable Computation of Gravitational-Wave Fluxes from Generic Kerr Orbits via a Unified HeunC Framework
A unified confluent HeunC framework computes gravitational-wave fluxes from generic Kerr orbits with 10^{-11} relative errors and speedups of 3-60x over existing packages for low- and high-order modes.
-
Fast neural network surrogate for multimodal effective-one-body gravitational waveforms from generically precessing compact binaries
Neural network surrogate approximates precessing compact binary gravitational waveforms up to 1000x faster than the base EOB model with validated accuracy.
-
Post-Newtonian inspiral waveform model for eccentric precessing binaries with higher-order modes and matter effects
pyEFPEHM extends prior PN models to include higher-order quasi-circular phasing, generalized precession solutions, and eccentric corrections up to 1PN in selected multipoles for eccentric precessing binaries with matter effects.
-
Black Hole Binary Detection Landscape for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA): Signal-to-Noise Calculations & Science Cases
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
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How do the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's Heavy Black Holes Form? No evidence for core-collapse Intermediate-mass black holes in GWTC-4
No evidence for core-collapse formed low-spin IMBHs in GWTC-4, with 90% upper limit on merger rate of 0.077 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}, low-spin BH mass truncation at 65 solar masses consistent with pair-instability gap lower edge, and high-spin IMBHs from hierarchical mergers.
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Parameter Estimation Horizon of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Current and Next-Generation Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Machine learning extracts core rotation and signal properties from CCSN gravitational waves, with next-generation detectors constraining rotation beyond 100 kpc for favorable orientations despite some uncertainties.
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Reviving Motivated Inflationary Potentials with $K$-inflation in the light of ACT
K-inflation with non-canonical kinetic term G(φ) shifts α-attractor T-models and natural inflation into the Planck-ACT-LB-BK18 allowed region while satisfying Swampland conjectures and producing testable GW spectra.
-
Hawking area law in quantum gravity
Exact Hawking area law from black hole mergers restricts quantum gravity to singular Ricci-flat or specific regular black holes in Stelle and nonlocal theories, derives the standard entropy-area law, and realizes Barrow fractal black holes.
-
Black Hole-Boson Star Binaries: Gravitational Wave Signals and Tidal Disruption
Numerical simulations of black hole-boson star binaries show that scalar self-interactions can suppress tidal disruption while radiative efficiency depends on the chosen potential.
-
Are Black Holes Fuzzballs? Probing Horizon-Scale Structure with LISA
LISA can constrain non-axisymmetric mass quadrupole deformations at the 10^{-3} level and axisymmetric mass octupole deformations at the 10^{-2} level in EMRI signals to test fuzzball proposals.
-
Geometry of transient gravitational waves and estimation of efficiencies of different detector configurations
A geometrical method is introduced for analyzing transient gravitational waves to estimate efficiencies of different detector configurations.
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Not too close! Evaluating the impact of the baseline on the localization of binary black holes by next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Baselines of 8-11 ms light travel time for two CE detectors provide a reasonable compromise for BBH sky localization, with third detectors eliminating multimodality for most or all events.
-
Machine Learning for Multi-messenger Probes of New Physics and Cosmology: A Review and Perspective
A review summarizing machine learning methods for multi-messenger probes of dark matter and new physics, with a proposed plan for future integrated analyses.
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Tidal Response of Compact Objects
This review summarizes tidal Love numbers and dissipation effects for black holes, neutron stars, and exotic objects, noting vanishing static bosonic Love numbers for black holes in GR but nonzero values for fermions and exotic objects, with implications for gravitational-wave astronomy.