HalluAudio is the first large-scale benchmark spanning speech, environmental sound, and music that uses human-verified QA pairs, adversarial prompts, and mixed-audio tests to measure hallucinations in large audio-language models.
hub Canonical reference
Step-Audio 2 Technical Report
Canonical reference. 82% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
28
Pith papers citing it
Background
82% of classified citations
abstract
This paper presents Step-Audio 2, an end-to-end multi-modal large language model designed for industry-strength audio understanding and speech conversation. By integrating a latent audio encoder and reasoning-centric reinforcement learning (RL), Step-Audio 2 achieves promising performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and audio understanding. To facilitate genuine end-to-end speech conversation, Step-Audio 2 incorporates the generation of discrete audio tokens into language modeling, significantly enhancing its responsiveness to paralinguistic information such as speaking styles and emotions. To effectively leverage the rich textual and acoustic knowledge in real-world data, Step-Audio 2 integrates retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and is able to call external tools such as web search to mitigate hallucination and audio search to switch timbres. Trained on millions of hours of speech and audio data, Step-Audio 2 delivers intelligence and expressiveness across diverse conversational scenarios. Evaluation results demonstrate that Step-Audio 2 achieves state-of-the-art performance on various audio understanding and conversational benchmarks compared to other open-source and commercial solutions. Please visit https://github.com/stepfun-ai/Step-Audio2 for more information.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 9
baseline 1
method 1
citation-polarity summary
representative citing papers
Visual debiasing of omni-modal benchmarks combined with staged post-training lets a 3B model match or exceed a 30B model without a stronger teacher.
Channel fusion gives better semantic grounding and QA performance in full-duplex LLM dialogue but is vulnerable to context corruption during interruptions, while cross-attention routing is more robust at the cost of weaker integration.
SpeechParaling-Bench is a new evaluation framework for paralinguistic-aware speech generation that reveals major limitations in current large audio-language models.
HumDial-EIBench is a new benchmark using real human dialogues to evaluate audio language models on emotional intelligence tasks including multi-turn tracking, causal reasoning, empathy generation, and acoustic-semantic conflict resolution.
CapTalk unifies single-utterance and dialogue voice design via utterance- and speaker-level captions plus a hierarchical variational module for stable timbre with adaptive expression.
Speaker-Reasoner is an end-to-end speech LLM that iteratively analyzes audio structure, predicts temporal boundaries, and jointly models speaker identity, gender, timestamps, and transcription using a speaker-aware cache for long audio.
TiCo enables spoken dialogue models to follow explicit time constraints in generated responses using Spoken Time Markers and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards, cutting duration error by 2.7x over its backbone.
MCGA is a new 119-hour multi-task audio corpus for classical Chinese literary genres that shows current MLLMs face substantial challenges on its test set.
Spoken language models exhibit style amnesia and fail to maintain instructed paralinguistic styles across multi-turn conversations, with explicit recall offering partial mitigation.
A data pipeline, 14-dimension benchmark, and decoupled fine-tuning model are presented to advance fine-grained multi-dimensional speech understanding in LLMs.
VocalParse applies interleaved and Chain-of-Thought prompting to a Large Audio Language Model to jointly transcribe lyrics, melody and word-note alignments, achieving state-of-the-art results on multiple singing datasets.
VIBE evaluates generative biases in large audio-language models with real-world speech and open-ended tasks, showing that gender cues produce larger distributional shifts than accent cues across 11 tested models.
Audio2Tool is a new benchmark dataset that shows speech models perform well on simple commands but degrade sharply on compositional tasks and realistic acoustic noise.
A timing-aware pre-quantization fusion approach integrates visual cues into audio tokenizers along the temporal axis, maintaining reconstruction quality while outperforming audio-only and prior multimodal baselines on downstream tasks.
A multi-stage training method for LLM-based ASR uses new entropy allocation metrics to achieve competitive benchmark performance with 2.3B parameters while mitigating hallucinations via better encoder-LLM decoupling.
MPS proposes a dual-brain architecture separating formulation reasoning from articulation to achieve real-time CoT in SLMs with accuracy comparable to full pre-computation but much lower latency.
StableToken introduces a multi-branch architecture with bit-wise voting to create noise-robust semantic speech tokens, achieving lower Unit Edit Distance and better SpeechLLM robustness than prior single-path tokenizers.
StepAudio 2.5 is a unified audio-language foundation model that reaches state-of-the-art results on ASR, TTS, and realtime interaction by using task-tailored RLHF on a shared backbone.
DuplexSLA is a dual-stream three-channel full-duplex model that synchronizes continuous user audio, discrete assistant audio, and rate-limited action text for native turn-taking and in-conversation tool calling.
A survey of Large Audio Language Models that establishes a taxonomy of trustworthiness vulnerabilities and proposes a Defense-in-Depth roadmap for audio intelligence.
A hybrid-reward progressive RL curriculum enables high-quality chain-of-thought to emerge in audio language models without prior supervised CoT training, yielding SOTA results on MMAR, MMAU, and MMSU benchmarks.
Audio-Cogito is an open-source LALM using Cogito-pipe data curation and self-distillation to achieve leading open-source performance on audio reasoning benchmarks.
NIM4-ASR delivers SOTA ASR performance on public benchmarks using a 2.3B-parameter LLM with multi-stage training, real-time streaming, and million-scale hotword customization via RAG.
citing papers explorer
-
HalluAudio: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Hallucination Detection in Large Audio-Language Models
HalluAudio is the first large-scale benchmark spanning speech, environmental sound, and music that uses human-verified QA pairs, adversarial prompts, and mixed-audio tests to measure hallucinations in large audio-language models.
-
Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluation
Visual debiasing of omni-modal benchmarks combined with staged post-training lets a 3B model match or exceed a 30B model without a stronger teacher.
-
How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue
Channel fusion gives better semantic grounding and QA performance in full-duplex LLM dialogue but is vulnerable to context corruption during interruptions, while cross-attention routing is more robust at the cost of weaker integration.
-
SpeechParaling-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Paralinguistic-Aware Speech Generation
SpeechParaling-Bench is a new evaluation framework for paralinguistic-aware speech generation that reveals major limitations in current large audio-language models.
-
HumDial-EIBench: A Human-Recorded Multi-Turn Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for Audio Language Models
HumDial-EIBench is a new benchmark using real human dialogues to evaluate audio language models on emotional intelligence tasks including multi-turn tracking, causal reasoning, empathy generation, and acoustic-semantic conflict resolution.
-
CapTalk: Unified Voice Design for Single-Utterance and Dialogue Speech Generation
CapTalk unifies single-utterance and dialogue voice design via utterance- and speaker-level captions plus a hierarchical variational module for stable timbre with adaptive expression.
-
Speaker-Reasoner: Scaling Interaction Turns and Reasoning Patterns for Timestamped Speaker-Attributed ASR
Speaker-Reasoner is an end-to-end speech LLM that iteratively analyzes audio structure, predicts temporal boundaries, and jointly models speaker identity, gender, timestamps, and transcription using a speaker-aware cache for long audio.
-
TiCo: Time-Controllable Spoken Dialogue Model
TiCo enables spoken dialogue models to follow explicit time constraints in generated responses using Spoken Time Markers and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards, cutting duration error by 2.7x over its backbone.
-
MCGA: A Multi-task Classical Chinese Literary Genre Audio Corpus
MCGA is a new 119-hour multi-task audio corpus for classical Chinese literary genres that shows current MLLMs face substantial challenges on its test set.
-
Style Amnesia: Investigating Speaking Style Degradation and Mitigation in Multi-Turn Spoken Language Models
Spoken language models exhibit style amnesia and fail to maintain instructed paralinguistic styles across multi-turn conversations, with explicit recall offering partial mitigation.
-
Towards Fine-Grained Multi-Dimensional Speech Understanding: Data Pipeline, Benchmark, and Model
A data pipeline, 14-dimension benchmark, and decoupled fine-tuning model are presented to advance fine-grained multi-dimensional speech understanding in LLMs.
-
VocalParse: Towards Unified and Scalable Singing Voice Transcription with Large Audio Language Models
VocalParse applies interleaved and Chain-of-Thought prompting to a Large Audio Language Model to jointly transcribe lyrics, melody and word-note alignments, achieving state-of-the-art results on multiple singing datasets.
-
VIBE: Voice-Induced open-ended Bias Evaluation for Large Audio-Language Models via Real-World Speech
VIBE evaluates generative biases in large audio-language models with real-world speech and open-ended tasks, showing that gender cues produce larger distributional shifts than accent cues across 11 tested models.
-
Audio2Tool: Speak, Call, Act -- A Dataset for Benchmarking Speech Tool Use
Audio2Tool is a new benchmark dataset that shows speech models perform well on simple commands but degrade sharply on compositional tasks and realistic acoustic noise.
-
Why Your Tokenizer Fails in Information Fusion: A Timing-Aware Pre-Quantization Fusion for Video-Enhanced Audio Tokenization
A timing-aware pre-quantization fusion approach integrates visual cues into audio tokenizers along the temporal axis, maintaining reconstruction quality while outperforming audio-only and prior multimodal baselines on downstream tasks.
-
Rethinking Entropy Allocation in LLM-based ASR: Understanding the Dynamics between Speech Encoders and LLMs
A multi-stage training method for LLM-based ASR uses new entropy allocation metrics to achieve competitive benchmark performance with 2.3B parameters while mitigating hallucinations via better encoder-LLM decoupling.
-
Mind-Paced Speaking: A Dual-Brain Approach to Real-Time Reasoning in Spoken Language Models
MPS proposes a dual-brain architecture separating formulation reasoning from articulation to achieve real-time CoT in SLMs with accuracy comparable to full pre-computation but much lower latency.
-
StableToken: A Noise-Robust Semantic Speech Tokenizer for Resilient SpeechLLMs
StableToken introduces a multi-branch architecture with bit-wise voting to create noise-robust semantic speech tokens, achieving lower Unit Edit Distance and better SpeechLLM robustness than prior single-path tokenizers.
-
StepAudio 2.5 Technical Report
StepAudio 2.5 is a unified audio-language foundation model that reaches state-of-the-art results on ASR, TTS, and realtime interaction by using task-tailored RLHF on a shared backbone.
-
DuplexSLA: A Full-Duplex Spoken Language Model with Synchronized Speech, Language, and Action
DuplexSLA is a dual-stream three-channel full-duplex model that synchronizes continuous user audio, discrete assistant audio, and rate-limited action text for native turn-taking and in-conversation tool calling.
-
A Survey of Large Audio Language Models: Generalization, Trustworthiness, and Outlook
A survey of Large Audio Language Models that establishes a taxonomy of trustworthiness vulnerabilities and proposes a Defense-in-Depth roadmap for audio intelligence.
-
Audio-DeepThinker: Progressive Reasoning-Aware Reinforcement Learning for High-Quality Chain-of-Thought Emergence in Audio Language Models
A hybrid-reward progressive RL curriculum enables high-quality chain-of-thought to emerge in audio language models without prior supervised CoT training, yielding SOTA results on MMAR, MMAU, and MMSU benchmarks.
-
Audio-Cogito: Towards Deep Audio Reasoning in Large Audio Language Models
Audio-Cogito is an open-source LALM using Cogito-pipe data curation and self-distillation to achieve leading open-source performance on audio reasoning benchmarks.
-
NIM4-ASR: Towards Efficient, Robust, and Customizable Real-Time LLM-Based ASR
NIM4-ASR delivers SOTA ASR performance on public benchmarks using a 2.3B-parameter LLM with multi-stage training, real-time streaming, and million-scale hotword customization via RAG.
-
OmniFysics: Towards Physical Intelligence Evolution via Omni-Modal Signal Processing and Network Optimization
OmniFysics is an omni-modal network using a dynamic physical data engine and evolutive tuning to improve performance on multimodal benchmarks and physics-oriented tasks.
-
A Survey of Audio Reasoning in Multimodal Foundation Models
A survey that provides a unified formulation of audio reasoning and reviews advances across Audio-to-Text, Audio-to-Speech, Audio-Visual, and Agentic paradigms while discussing challenges and future directions.
-
A Survey of Advancing Audio Super-Resolution and Bandwidth Extension from Discriminative to Generative Models
A structured survey of audio bandwidth extension that organizes the transition from deterministic discriminative DNNs to generative approaches including GANs, diffusion models, and flow-based methods.
- Step-Audio-R1.5 Technical Report