A classifier trained only on transformer fine-tuning data detects an invariant memorization signature that transfers to Mamba, RWKV-4, and RecurrentGemma with AUCs of 0.963, 0.972, and 0.936.
super hub Mixed citations
Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (67%).
135
Pith papers citing it
Background
67% of classified citations
abstract
While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then fine-tuning the large unsupervised LM using reinforcement learning to maximize this estimated reward without drifting too far from the original model. In this paper we introduce a new parameterization of the reward model in RLHF that enables extraction of the corresponding optimal policy in closed form, allowing us to solve the standard RLHF problem with only a simple classification loss. The resulting algorithm, which we call Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), is stable, performant, and computationally lightweight, eliminating the need for sampling from the LM during fine-tuning or performing significant hyperparameter tuning. Our experiments show that DPO can fine-tune LMs to align with human preferences as well as or better than existing methods. Notably, fine-tuning with DPO exceeds PPO-based RLHF in ability to control sentiment of generations, and matches or improves response quality in summarization and single-turn dialogue while being substantially simpler to implement and train.
hub tools
citation-role summary
background 25
method 9
baseline 1
dataset 1
citation-polarity summary
claims ledger
- abstract While large-scale unsupervised language models (LMs) learn broad world knowledge and some reasoning skills, achieving precise control of their behavior is difficult due to the completely unsupervised nature of their training. Existing methods for gaining such steerability collect human labels of the relative quality of model generations and fine-tune the unsupervised LM to align with these preferences, often with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, RLHF is a complex and often unstable procedure, first fitting a reward model that reflects the human preferences, and then
authors
co-cited works
representative citing papers
ORPO performs preference alignment during supervised fine-tuning via a monolithic odds ratio penalty, allowing 7B models to outperform larger state-of-the-art models on alignment benchmarks.
LOGICA adds context to pretrained biological LMs via logit-space contrastive alignment with gated adapters, improving AUC on held-out drug-resistance mutation ranking from ~0.55 to ~0.65 while preserving token likelihoods.
PInVerify is a new offline embodied benchmark for active instance verification that supplies multi-view captures and 6-sector navigation topology, with MLLM baselines reaching 85.6% after fine-tuning but showing no reliable benefit from tested next-best-view strategies.
A hybrid first-order then zeroth-order optimization approach improves robustness of safety-aligned LLMs while preserving utility, with layer-wise sensitivity estimation for efficiency.
Self-evolving rubric with anti-gaming fitness reveals that objective capability scaling fails to transfer to subjective LLM behaviors, with advice-restraint as the universal lowest dimension that can regress.
Formalizes Reasoning Portability (RP) and proposes RDB-CL to modulate per-sample KL regularization in RLVR for MLLM continual learning, achieving +12.0% Last accuracy over vanilla RLVR baseline by preserving reusable reasoning on high-RP samples.
Fast-Slow Training uses context optimization as fast weights alongside parameter updates as slow weights to achieve up to 3x better sample efficiency, higher performance, and less catastrophic forgetting than standard RL in continual LLM learning.
Introduces Block-R1 benchmark, Block-R1-41K dataset, and a conflict score to handle domain-specific optimal block sizes in RL post-training of diffusion LLMs.
Optimistic bilevel optimization with manifold lower-level minimizers is differentiable if the optimistic selection is unique, yielding a pseudoinverse hyper-gradient and a convergent HG-MS algorithm whose rate depends on intrinsic manifold dimension.
POISE trains a lightweight probe on the actor's internal states to predict expected rewards for RLVR, matching DAPO performance on math benchmarks with lower compute by avoiding extra rollouts or critic models.
Instruction tuning makes late-layer computation depend more on the model's own post-trained upstream state than on base-model upstream state, producing a consistent +1.68 logit interaction effect across five model families.
Topology-enhanced alignment via persistent homology on trajectories outperforms standard SFT and DPO baselines on preference metrics for LLMs.
Full development of 7B and 32B Olmo 3 models used 12.3 GWh datacenter energy and emitted 4,251 tCO2eq, with development overheads accounting for 82% of compute and reasoning models costing 17x more to post-train than instruction-tuned ones.
PEO optimizes original prompt embeddings continuously over adaptive rounds to jailbreak aligned LLMs, preserving the exact visible prompt text and outperforming discrete suffix, appended embedding, and search-based white-box attacks on harmful-behavior benchmarks.
Small VLMs show higher sycophancy (22.3% for 450M model) than larger ones (6.0% for 7B) when scoring image-text alignment on 173k fantasy portraits, quantified via a new Bluffing Coefficient metric.
A new 7x4 taxonomy organizes agentic AI security threats by architectural layer and persistence timescale, revealing under-explored upper layers and missing defenses after surveying 116 papers.
S-GRPO unifies SFT and RL for LVLMs via conditional ground-truth injection that supplies a maximal-reward anchor when group exploration fails completely.
Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization (ACPO) mitigates audio hallucination in AVLMs via output-contrastive and input-contrastive objectives that enforce faithful audio grounding.
SCPT creates similarity-constrained preference triplets from scaffolds to train LLMs as conditional molecular editors that improve properties while keeping scaffolds intact.
SalesLLM provides an automatic evaluation framework for LLM sales dialogues that correlates 0.98 with human experts and shows top models approaching human performance while weaker ones lag.
VeriGUI adds a Thinking-Verification-Action-Expectation loop and two-stage training on synthetic failures to reduce undetected action errors and improve recovery in GUI automation.
CapTrack shows post-training causes drift beyond facts, with instruction fine-tuning producing stronger behavioral changes than preference optimization across model families.
PIAST iteratively optimizes few-shot examples in prompts via Monte Carlo Shapley value estimation, outperforming prior automatic prompting methods and setting new SOTA on classification, simplification, and GSM8K with modest compute.
citing papers explorer
-
Learning, Fast and Slow: Towards LLMs That Adapt Continually
Fast-Slow Training uses context optimization as fast weights alongside parameter updates as slow weights to achieve up to 3x better sample efficiency, higher performance, and less catastrophic forgetting than standard RL in continual LLM learning.
-
S-GRPO: Unified Post-Training for Large Vision-Language Models
S-GRPO unifies SFT and RL for LVLMs via conditional ground-truth injection that supplies a maximal-reward anchor when group exploration fails completely.
-
Response Time Enhances Alignment with Heterogeneous Preferences
Response times modeled as drift-diffusion processes enable consistent estimation of population-average preferences from heterogeneous anonymous binary choices.
-
Bootstrapping Post-training Signals for Open-ended Tasks via Rubric-based Self-play on Pre-training Text
POP bootstraps post-training signals for open-ended LLM tasks by synthesizing rubrics during self-play on pretraining corpus, yielding performance gains on Qwen-2.5-7B across healthcare QA, creative writing, and instruction following.
-
Any2Any 3D Diffusion Models with Knowledge Transfer: A Radiotherapy Planning Study
DiffKT3D transfers priors from video diffusion models to 3D radiotherapy dose prediction via modality-specific embeddings and clinically guided RL, reducing voxel MAE from 2.07 to 1.93 and claiming SOTA over the GDP-HMM challenge winner.
-
Mind DeepResearch Technical Report
MindDR combines a Planning Agent, DeepSearch Agent, and Report Agent with SFT cold-start, Search-RL, Report-RL, and preference alignment to reach competitive scores on research benchmarks using 30B-scale models.
-
Agentic AI Security: Threats, Defenses, Evaluation, and Open Challenges
A survey that taxonomizes threats to agentic AI, reviews benchmarks and evaluation methods, discusses technical and governance defenses, and identifies open challenges.
-
Toward Native Multimodal Modeling: A Roadmap
A roadmap that defines architectural nativity for multimodal models and categorizes them into Multi-to-Text, Multi-to-Target, and Multi-to-Multi types while outlining an industrial pipeline toward unified transformer-based native multimodal modeling.
- TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching