A new redshift-correlation technique with third-generation GW detectors can constrain the BNS contribution to cosmic r-process nucleosynthesis to 5-6% precision via Fisher forecasts on mock bright- and dark-siren data.
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A Horizon Study for Cosmic Explorer: Science, Observatories, and Community
Canonical reference. 88% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
This Horizon Study describes a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory: Cosmic Explorer. With ten times the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO, Cosmic Explorer will push gravitational-wave astronomy towards the edge of the observable universe ($z \sim 100$). The goals of this Horizon Study are to describe and evaluate design concepts for Cosmic Explorer; to plan for the United States' leadership in gravitational-wave astronomy; and to envisage the role of Cosmic Explorer in the international effort to build a "Third-Generation" (3G) observatory network that will make discoveries transformative across astronomy, physics, and cosmology.
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representative citing papers
A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
Simulations forecast that 10 years of Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer data could detect the cosmic dipole magnitude using strongly lensed GW events, with tighter bounds from combining double, triple, and quadruple lensed systems.
For infinitely differentiable effective potentials describing the post-inflation transition, the regularized power spectrum of primary gravitational waves exhibits exponential suppression at small scales.
Bidirectional internal squeezing using opposing optical parametric amplifiers saturates quantum noise lower bounds from internal dissipation and renders high-frequency signal-referred noise independent of arm and signal-extraction transmissivities.
Yukawa hierarchies are generated from powers of fully anarchic spurions in higher SU(2) and SU(3) flavor representations via progressive rank lifting through composite outer products, with explicit models and predictions for FCNCs and stochastic gravitational waves.
A traceful radiation gauge plus two transport equations from the stress-energy tensor enable hierarchical metric reconstruction for generic sources in Petrov type D black hole spacetimes.
Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.
Derives large-eccentricity asymptotics for post-Newtonian eccentric waveform Fourier modes and builds a fast endpoint-constrained analytic approximation with error under 10^{-3} valid to p=200.
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
The Squashed Pyramid Interferometer Network uses a non-coplanar configuration to directly access the chirality of cosmological gravitational waves.
Dynamical dark energy imprints O(1) shifts on black hole quasi-normal modes via cosmological hair, enabling constraints at 10^{-2} (LVK) to 10^{-4} (LISA) precision using the cubic Galileon as example.
Exact non-singular black holes from the phantom DBI field evaporate to gram-mass relics, opening a new mass window for primordial black holes as dark matter.
First spectral covariance analysis of SGWB data yields upper bounds on non-stationary correlations that translate into mass-dependent limits on high-redshift PBH merger rates.
JIGI achieves about four orders of magnitude sensitivity gain in the 0.1-0.3 Hz band by using repeated free-fall test masses to remove seismic and suspension noise, with analysis of detrending for actuation noise.
A unified framework for the perturbed Kepler problem derives modified eccentric orbits and gravitational wave imprints from a general perturbed potential, offering a source-specific alternative to post-Newtonian expansions.
Numerical simulations of eccentric Proca-star mergers show that relative phase between the stars controls post-merger fate and can generate odd-mode gravitational waves absent from black-hole mergers.
Stochastic gravitational waves induce 1-loop freeze-in production of fermionic dark matter via in-in formalism, potentially explaining the observed abundance more efficiently than conventional mechanisms.
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical transformation.
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
Higher-order modes reduce absorption-induced thermal deformation in high-power interferometers, cutting optimal curvature correction to 33% for LG2,2 and 24% for HG3,3 versus the fundamental mode while improving optical loss and modal purity.
Quasilocal probability flux at black hole horizons produces non-Hermitian ringdown dynamics yielding correlated multi-mode deviations, weak amplitude dependence, and damping-energy mismatch as a low-dimensional discriminator from modified gravity.
citing papers explorer
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Inferring the role of binary neutron star mergers in r-process nucleosynthesis with multi-messenger observations using Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope
A new redshift-correlation technique with third-generation GW detectors can constrain the BNS contribution to cosmic r-process nucleosynthesis to 5-6% precision via Fisher forecasts on mock bright- and dark-siren data.
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Contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder for core-collapse supernova gravitational-wave detection
A contrastive self-supervised convolutional autoencoder detects core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with performance comparable to supervised CNNs, better generalization to unseen waveforms, and ~120 kpc sensitive distance under Einstein Telescope noise.
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Prospect of Measuring the Cosmic Dipole by Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves Associated with Galaxy Surveys
Simulations forecast that 10 years of Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer data could detect the cosmic dipole magnitude using strongly lensed GW events, with tighter bounds from combining double, triple, and quadruple lensed systems.
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Primary gravitational waves at high frequencies II: Emergence of the exponential cut-off in the power spectrum
For infinitely differentiable effective potentials describing the post-inflation transition, the regularized power spectrum of primary gravitational waves exhibits exponential suppression at small scales.
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Bidirectional Internal Squeezing for Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Bidirectional internal squeezing using opposing optical parametric amplifiers saturates quantum noise lower bounds from internal dissipation and renders high-frequency signal-referred noise independent of arm and signal-extraction transmissivities.
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Hierarchies from Higher Flavor Spin
Yukawa hierarchies are generated from powers of fully anarchic spurions in higher SU(2) and SU(3) flavor representations via progressive rank lifting through composite outer products, with explicit models and predictions for FCNCs and stochastic gravitational waves.
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Metric Reconstruction for Generic Black-Hole Perturbations
A traceful radiation gauge plus two transport equations from the stress-energy tensor enable hierarchical metric reconstruction for generic sources in Petrov type D black hole spacetimes.
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Dynamical tidal Love numbers of black holes under generic perturbations: Connecting black hole perturbation theory with effective field theory
Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.
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Large-Eccentricity Asymptotics and Fast Analytic Approximation for Fourier modes of Post-Newtonian Eccentric Waveforms
Derives large-eccentricity asymptotics for post-Newtonian eccentric waveform Fourier modes and builds a fast endpoint-constrained analytic approximation with error under 10^{-3} valid to p=200.
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How lonely are the Binary Compact Objects Detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration?
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
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Novel ringdown tests of general relativity with black hole greybody factors
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
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Squashed Pyramid Interferometer Network (SPIN): Direct Access to Chirality of Cosmological Gravitational Waves
The Squashed Pyramid Interferometer Network uses a non-coplanar configuration to directly access the chirality of cosmological gravitational waves.
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Testing Dark Energy with Black Hole Ringdown
Dynamical dark energy imprints O(1) shifts on black hole quasi-normal modes via cosmological hair, enabling constraints at 10^{-2} (LVK) to 10^{-4} (LISA) precision using the cubic Galileon as example.
-
Exact, non-singular black holes from a phantom DBI Field as primordial dark matter
Exact non-singular black holes from the phantom DBI field evaporate to gram-mass relics, opening a new mass window for primordial black holes as dark matter.
-
The First Upper Bound on the Non-Stationary Gravitational Wave Background and its Implication on the High Redshift Binary Black Hole Merger Rate
First spectral covariance analysis of SGWB data yields upper bounds on non-stationary correlations that translate into mass-dependent limits on high-redshift PBH merger rates.
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Jiggled interferometer: Ground-based gravitational wave detector using rapidly-repeated free-falling test masses
JIGI achieves about four orders of magnitude sensitivity gain in the 0.1-0.3 Hz band by using repeated free-fall test masses to remove seismic and suspension noise, with analysis of detrending for actuation noise.
-
Generalized Perturbed Kepler Problem: Gravitational Wave Imprints from Eccentric Compact Binaries
A unified framework for the perturbed Kepler problem derives modified eccentric orbits and gravitational wave imprints from a general perturbed potential, offering a source-specific alternative to post-Newtonian expansions.
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Eccentric mergers of binary Proca stars
Numerical simulations of eccentric Proca-star mergers show that relative phase between the stars controls post-merger fate and can generate odd-mode gravitational waves absent from black-hole mergers.
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Gravitational Wave-Induced Freeze-In of Fermionic Dark Matter
Stochastic gravitational waves induce 1-loop freeze-in production of fermionic dark matter via in-in formalism, potentially explaining the observed abundance more efficiently than conventional mechanisms.
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Massquerade: Impacts of Mass Ratio Reversals on Binary Black Hole Merger Rates and Mass Distributions
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
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N-body next-to-leading order gravitational spin-orbit interaction via effective field theory
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical transformation.
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Prospects for multi-messenger discovery of the gravitational-wave background anisotropies via cross-correlation with galaxies
New simulations show that cross-correlating gravitational wave background anisotropies with galaxy distributions can enable discovery at angular scales of 4-6 degrees with next-generation observatories.
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Thermal Deformation Reduction in High-Power Interferometry with Higher-Order Laser Modes
Higher-order modes reduce absorption-induced thermal deformation in high-power interferometers, cutting optimal curvature correction to 33% for LG2,2 and 24% for HG3,3 versus the fundamental mode while improving optical loss and modal purity.
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Smoking Gun Signatures of Quasilocal Probability in Black Hole Ringdowns
Quasilocal probability flux at black hole horizons produces non-Hermitian ringdown dynamics yielding correlated multi-mode deviations, weak amplitude dependence, and damping-energy mismatch as a low-dimensional discriminator from modified gravity.
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Fast neural network surrogate for multimodal effective-one-body gravitational waveforms from generically precessing compact binaries
Neural network surrogate approximates precessing compact binary gravitational waveforms up to 1000x faster than the base EOB model with validated accuracy.
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Post-Newtonian inspiral waveform model for eccentric precessing binaries with higher-order modes and matter effects
pyEFPEHM extends prior PN models to include higher-order quasi-circular phasing, generalized precession solutions, and eccentric corrections up to 1PN in selected multipoles for eccentric precessing binaries with matter effects.
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A unified harmonic framework for dark siren cosmology
The GW-galaxy cross-correlation method, unified with spectral sirens in a harmonic framework, can measure H0 to 1% and Omega_m to 5% precision with 2 years of data from next-generation detectors like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer.
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Sub-threshold post-merger gravitational waves can constrain the hot nuclear equation of state
Statistical combination of sub-threshold post-merger signals from 50-70 BNS events can constrain the maximum mass of hot neutron stars to 11-20% fractional uncertainty, potentially translating to 12-21% on the cold TOV mass.
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Photon counting readout for detection and inference of gravitational waves from neutron star merger remnants
Photon counting readout detects weak postmerger gravitational wave signals at a rate of about 1 in 100 for SNR 0.2 and yields a twofold improvement in neutron star radius measurement after 20,000 events.
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Post-adiabatic self-force waveforms: slowly spinning primary and precessing secondary
Extended 1PA self-force waveforms for slowly spinning primary and precessing secondary, with re-summed 1PAT1R variant showing improved accuracy against NR for q ≳ 5 and |χ1| ≲ 0.1.
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Binary Neutron Stars from the Moon: Early Warnings and Precision Science for the Artemis Era
Lunar GW observatories can deliver weeks-to-months early warnings, 0.01 deg² localizations, and ~100 well-localized BNS events per year for GW170817-like sources, with multi-band networks yielding 0.1% mass-ratio and 1% distance precision.
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GW231123: A Possible Primordial Black Hole Origin
GW231123's masses and high spins are consistent with primordial black holes that accreted mass and angular momentum in the early universe within the standard PBH framework.
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Distinguishing Neutron Star vs. Low-Mass Black Hole Binaries with Late Inspiral & Postmerger Gravitational Waves $-$ Sensitivity to Transmuted Black Holes and Non-Annihilating Dark Matter
Future high-frequency-sensitive GW detectors can distinguish binary neutron star from low-mass black hole mergers in late phases, enabling separation of merger rates and constraints on heavy non-annihilating dark matter via transmuted black holes.
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Parameter inference of millilensed gravitational waves using neural spline flows
Neural spline flows perform fast posterior inference on 11-dimensional millilensed GW parameters with accuracy comparable to dynesty for most quantities and a 3-day to 0.8-second speedup.
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Is the Binary Black Hole Population Inference from Gravitational-Wave Data Robust?
Waveform modeling uncertainties can distort features in the binary black hole mass distribution inferred from gravitational-wave data more than statistical uncertainties.
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Pre-localization of Massive Black Hole Binaries in the Millihertz Band
A neural spline flow pipeline performs amortized inference on millihertz MBHB signals, delivering ~20 deg² pre-merger sky localizations in ~1 minute while matching PTMCMC sky modes and parameter uncertainties.
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Squeezed state degradations due to mode mismatch and thermal aberrations in gravitational wave detectors
Thermal aberrations induce low-pass frequency dynamics for quadratic wavefront mismatches and high-pass dynamics for higher-order aberrations, degrading squeezed states differently in current versus future gravitational wave detectors.
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Cosmological Constraints from GW-FRB Associations without Redshift Measurements for LIGO-Virgo and Cosmic Explorer
Simulations demonstrate that Cosmic Explorer can robustly constrain cosmology and host galaxy parameters from GW-FRB associations using luminosity distance-dispersion measure relations without spectroscopic redshifts, unlike the current LIGO-Virgo network.
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Gravitational-wave parameter estimation to the Moon and back: massive binaries and the case of GW231123
LGWA could observe more than one third of known binary black hole events, detect ~90 mergers per year, and measure chirp mass better than third-generation detectors for massive systems.
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Primary gravitational waves at high frequencies I: Origin of suppression in the power spectrum
Adiabatic regularization combined with smoothed transitions suppresses the high-frequency oscillations in the power spectrum of primary gravitational waves about a zero mean.
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Properties of Stable Massive Quark Stars in Holography
Holographic model of massive deconfined quarks yields a stiff enough equation of state to allow stable 2-solar-mass hybrid stars with quark cores for certain nuclear phases.
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Non-rotating Black Holes: Connecting the MST Formalism and Worldline EFT
Renormalized dynamical tidal response functions for non-rotating black holes in GR carry inevitable ambiguities from renormalization scheme and flow initial condition, yielding scheme-dependent dynamical tidal Love numbers after MST-worldline EFT matching.
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Global time-frequency search for stellar-mass binary black holes in LISA
A time-frequency semi-coherent search pipeline detects stellar-mass BBH inspirals in LISA data down to coherent SNR of approximately 11-14 on the Yorsh data challenge for aligned-spin, low-eccentricity systems.
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Impact of facility timing and coordination for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Simulations of ET and CE networks show delays degrade localization metrics far more than SNR, with LIGO India greatly reducing the impact for multi-messenger and stochastic searches.
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Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Modulated Reheating
A spectator scalar in modulated reheating with large Higgs-like couplings generates detectable scalar-induced stochastic gravitational waves for BBO and DECIGO, but only outside perturbative low-energy extrapolations.
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Binary black holes in the heat of merger
Develops a frequency-domain approximant for tidal heating in nonspinning black hole binaries that extends to merger and includes horizon parameters.
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Assessment of normalizing flows for parameter estimation on time-frequency representations of gravitational-wave data
GP15 maps BBH spectrograms to parameter posteriors via residual networks and normalizing flows, producing results consistent with LVK analyses on GWTC-2.1 and GWTC-3 events while running in seconds.
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The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site
Seasonal seismic noise variations at the Sardinia site cause only minor changes in Einstein Telescope sensitivity and limit SNR impacts to a few percent for binary neutron star and intermediate mass black hole signals.
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Impact of coalescence signals on the search for continuous gravitational waves with Einstein Telescope
Unresolved compact binary coalescence background acts as additional noise that worsens Frequency-Hough sensitivity for continuous gravitational waves by 7-10% near 7 Hz under Einstein Telescope conditions.
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Not too close! Evaluating the impact of the baseline on the localization of binary black holes by next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Baselines of 8-11 ms light travel time for two CE detectors provide a reasonable compromise for BBH sky localization, with third detectors eliminating multimodality for most or all events.