QSTRBench is a new benchmark evaluating LLMs on compositional reasoning, converse relations, and conceptual neighbourhoods across QSTR calculi including a newly published RCC-22 CN, showing models exceed chance but fail to achieve consistent correctness.
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BERT : Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
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- background The retrieval system only manages to fetch informationabout Fleming's professional achievements in the discoveryof penicillin. However, the document does not provide informa-tion about his educational background, thus the model generates ahallucinatory answer. inappropriately activated, blindly retrieving inaccurate information and consequently leading to an undesirable response. Consequently, several studies [75, 204, 228, 378] have proposed to make a shift from passive retrieval to adaptive re
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Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
Factual associations in autoregressive transformers are localized to mid-layer feed-forward modules and can be edited via rank-one model editing while preserving both specificity and generalization on counterfactual tests.
SimCSE achieves 76.3% unsupervised and 81.6% supervised Spearman's correlation on STS tasks with BERT-base, improving prior best results by 4.2% and 2.2% via simple contrastive learning.
Training-language dominance, not English inherent properties, determines brain-LLM alignment across English, Chinese, and French, with additional independent effects from typological distance concentrated in syntactic brain regions.
ClaimRAG-LAW is a French-English legal RAG benchmark with claim-level granularity for experts and non-experts that reveals limitations in current retrieval and generation performance.
BioDefect is a new dataset for defect detection in bioinformatics software that improves average F1-scores by 29.61% to 38.04% over existing datasets when evaluated on nine language models.
RAT reformulates regularized natural policy gradients as vanilla gradients with a transformed advantage, computed efficiently via randomized block Kaczmarz iterations on on-policy data.
TIDAL recovers temporal phase signals from LLM-derived semantics of provisioning metadata to enable complementary CVD placement, reducing overload frequency by 79.1% on production traces.
RISE is an inference-time semantic reranking framework that refines low-confidence predictions in rhetorical role labeling using contrastively learned label representations, delivering an average +9.15 macro-F1 gain on hard examples across eight datasets and seven models.
A cross-modal alignment attack achieves AUC 0.821 for single-sample black-box membership inference on VLMs such as LLaVA-1.5 by quantifying image-generated caption similarity.
TILT adds a target-data penalty on an auxiliary predictor component to induce effective importance weighting for unsupervised domain adaptation under covariate shift.
TokAlign++ learns token alignments between LLM vocabularies from monolingual representations to enable faster adaptation, better text compression, and effective token-level distillation across 15 languages with minimal steps.
BadSKP poisons graph node embeddings to steer soft prompts in KG-enhanced LLMs, achieving high attack success rates where text-channel backdoors fail due to semantic anchoring.
Scratchpad Patching decouples compute from patch size in byte-level language models by inserting entropy-triggered scratchpads to update patch context dynamically.
Neural CFRS is a non-autoregressive one-shot framework for CVRP that uses entropic optimal transport for capacitated clustering and achieves competitive gaps on large instances.
SeBA is a joint-embedding framework that separates tabular data into two complementary views and aligns one view's representations to the nearest-neighbor structure of the other, improving feature-label relationships and achieving SOTA results in most benchmarks without relying on augmentations.
A new permutation test uses Householder reflection to align word embedding clouds before testing dispersion differences, cutting Type-I error by 32.5% and speeding up 23x on GPU.
TRACE creates valid conformal prediction sets for complex generative models by scoring outputs via averaged denoising or velocity errors along stochastic transport paths instead of likelihoods.
LLMs outperform single human raters at spotting relative weaknesses in L2 writing profiles on the ICNALE GRA dataset while humans are better at spotting strengths, using a self-referential intra-learner evaluation method.
TCDA introduces TC-DAG to filter cross-thread noise while preserving temporal order and D-RoPE to align semantics across layers and reduce distance dilution, achieving state-of-the-art results on two DiaASQ benchmarks.
Presents MBFC-2025 dataset and multi-view embeddings with fusion methods for media bias and factuality, reporting SOTA results on ACL-2020 and new benchmarks on MBFC-2025.
DLM4G applies graph-aware adaptive noising in a diffusion framework to generate text from graphs, outperforming larger autoregressive and diffusion baselines in factual grounding and edit sensitivity on three datasets plus molecule captioning.
EVENT5Ws is a new large-scale, manually verified open-domain event extraction dataset that benchmarks LLMs and demonstrates cross-context generalization.
citing papers explorer
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QSTRBench: a New Benchmark to Evaluate the Ability of Language Models to Reason with Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Calculi
QSTRBench is a new benchmark evaluating LLMs on compositional reasoning, converse relations, and conceptual neighbourhoods across QSTR calculi including a newly published RCC-22 CN, showing models exceed chance but fail to achieve consistent correctness.
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Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolution
Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
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Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPT
Factual associations in autoregressive transformers are localized to mid-layer feed-forward modules and can be edited via rank-one model editing while preserving both specificity and generalization on counterfactual tests.
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SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings
SimCSE achieves 76.3% unsupervised and 81.6% supervised Spearman's correlation on STS tasks with BERT-base, improving prior best results by 4.2% and 2.2% via simple contrastive learning.
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Brain-LLM Alignment Tracks Training Data, Not Typology
Training-language dominance, not English inherent properties, determines brain-LLM alignment across English, Chinese, and French, with additional independent effects from typological distance concentrated in syntactic brain regions.
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Fine-grained Claim-level RAG Benchmark for Law
ClaimRAG-LAW is a French-English legal RAG benchmark with claim-level granularity for experts and non-experts that reveals limitations in current retrieval and generation performance.
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BioDefect: The First Dataset for Defect Detection in Bioinformatics Software
BioDefect is a new dataset for defect detection in bioinformatics software that improves average F1-scores by 29.61% to 38.04% over existing datasets when evaluated on nine language models.
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Randomized Advantage Transformation (RAT): Computing Natural Policy Gradients via Direct Backpropagation
RAT reformulates regularized natural policy gradients as vanilla gradients with a transformed advantage, computed efficiently via randomized block Kaczmarz iterations on on-policy data.
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TIDAL: Recovering Temporal Phase for Cloud Block Storage Placement from LLM-Derived Semantics
TIDAL recovers temporal phase signals from LLM-derived semantics of provisioning metadata to enable complementary CVD placement, reducing overload frequency by 79.1% on production traces.
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Semantic Reranking at Inference Time for Hard Examples in Rhetorical Role Labeling
RISE is an inference-time semantic reranking framework that refines low-confidence predictions in rhetorical role labeling using contrastively learned label representations, delivering an average +9.15 macro-F1 gain on hard examples across eight datasets and seven models.
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Single-Sample Black-Box Membership Inference Attack against Vision-Language Models via Cross-modal Semantic Alignment
A cross-modal alignment attack achieves AUC 0.821 for single-sample black-box membership inference on VLMs such as LLaVA-1.5 by quantifying image-generated caption similarity.
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TILT: Target-induced loss tilting under covariate shift
TILT adds a target-data penalty on an auxiliary predictor component to induce effective importance weighting for unsupervised domain adaptation under covariate shift.
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TokAlign++: Advancing Vocabulary Adaptation via Better Token Alignment
TokAlign++ learns token alignments between LLM vocabularies from monolingual representations to enable faster adaptation, better text compression, and effective token-level distillation across 15 languages with minimal steps.
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BadSKP: Backdoor Attacks on Knowledge Graph-Enhanced LLMs with Soft Prompts
BadSKP poisons graph node embeddings to steer soft prompts in KG-enhanced LLMs, achieving high attack success rates where text-channel backdoors fail due to semantic anchoring.
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Scratchpad Patching: Decoupling Compute from Patch Size in Byte-Level Language Models
Scratchpad Patching decouples compute from patch size in byte-level language models by inserting entropy-triggered scratchpads to update patch context dynamically.
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Neural Cluster First, Route Second: One-Shot Capacitated Vehicle Routing via Differentiable Optimal Transport
Neural CFRS is a non-autoregressive one-shot framework for CVRP that uses entropic optimal transport for capacitated clustering and achieves competitive gaps on large instances.
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SeBA: Semi-supervised few-shot learning via Separated-at-Birth Alignment for tabular data
SeBA is a joint-embedding framework that separates tabular data into two complementary views and aligns one view's representations to the nearest-neighbor structure of the other, improving feature-label relationships and achieving SOTA results in most benchmarks without relying on augmentations.
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Accurate and Efficient Statistical Testing for Word Semantic Breadth
A new permutation test uses Householder reflection to align word embedding clouds before testing dispersion differences, cutting Type-I error by 32.5% and speeding up 23x on GPU.
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TRACE: Transport Alignment Conformal Prediction via Diffusion and Flow Matching Models
TRACE creates valid conformal prediction sets for complex generative models by scoring outputs via averaged denoising or velocity errors along stochastic transport paths instead of likelihoods.
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Towards Self-Referential Analytic Assessment: A Profile-Based Approach to L2 Writing Evaluation with LLMs
LLMs outperform single human raters at spotting relative weaknesses in L2 writing profiles on the ICNALE GRA dataset while humans are better at spotting strengths, using a self-referential intra-learner evaluation method.
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TCDA: Thread-Constrained Discourse-Aware Modeling for Conversational Sentiment Quadruple Analysis
TCDA introduces TC-DAG to filter cross-thread noise while preserving temporal order and D-RoPE to align semantics across layers and reduce distance dilution, achieving state-of-the-art results on two DiaASQ benchmarks.
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A Multi-View Media Profiling Suite: Resources, Evaluation, and Analysis
Presents MBFC-2025 dataset and multi-view embeddings with fusion methods for media bias and factuality, reporting SOTA results on ACL-2020 and new benchmarks on MBFC-2025.
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Factual and Edit-Sensitive Graph-to-Sequence Generation via Graph-Aware Adaptive Noising
DLM4G applies graph-aware adaptive noising in a diffusion framework to generate text from graphs, outperforming larger autoregressive and diffusion baselines in factual grounding and edit sensitivity on three datasets plus molecule captioning.
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EVENT5Ws: A Large Dataset for Open-Domain Event Extraction from Documents
EVENT5Ws is a new large-scale, manually verified open-domain event extraction dataset that benchmarks LLMs and demonstrates cross-context generalization.
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Decoding Text Spans for Efficient and Accurate Named-Entity Recognition
SpanDec achieves competitive NER accuracy with improved efficiency by using a final-stage lightweight decoder for span representations and early candidate filtering to reduce redundant computation.
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Learning Posterior Predictive Distributions for Node Classification from Synthetic Graph Priors
NodePFN pre-trains on synthetic graphs with controllable homophily and causal feature-label models to achieve 71.27 average accuracy on 23 node classification benchmarks without graph-specific training.
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On the Robustness of LLM-Based Dense Retrievers: A Systematic Analysis of Generalizability and Stability
LLM-based dense retrievers generalize better when instruction-tuned but pay a specialization tax when optimized for reasoning; they resist typos and corpus poisoning better than encoder-only baselines yet remain vulnerable to semantic perturbations, with larger models and certain embedding geometry,
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Pareto-Optimal Offline Reinforcement Learning via Smooth Tchebysheff Scalarization
STOMP extends direct preference optimization to the multi-objective setting via smooth Tchebysheff scalarization and standardization of observed rewards, achieving highest hypervolume in eight of nine protein engineering evaluations.
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Hidden in the Multiplicative Interaction: Uncovering Fragility in Multimodal Contrastive Learning
Multimodal contrastive learning using multilinear products is fragile to single bad modalities, and a gated version improves top-1 retrieval accuracy on synthetic and real trimodal data.
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Spectral Tempering for Embedding Compression in Dense Passage Retrieval
Spectral Tempering derives an adaptive scaling factor γ(k) from the embedding eigenspectrum via local SNR analysis and knee-point normalization to achieve near-optimal compression without training or validation.
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Not All Denoising Steps Are Equal: Model Scheduling for Faster Masked Diffusion Language Models
Early and late denoising steps in masked diffusion LMs are robust to smaller-model replacement, enabling 17% FLOPs reduction with modest generative quality loss.
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Differentiable Surrogate for Detector Simulation and Design with Diffusion Models
A LoRA-adapted conditional diffusion surrogate for electromagnetic calorimeter showers matches key observables within 2% RMSE and reproduces directional trends in design-utility gradients.
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Effective Model Pruning: Measure The Redundancy of Model Components
EMP maps importance scores to effective sample size N_eff and prunes the lowest N - N_eff components, with a derived lower bound on retained effective mass and upper bound on loss increase.
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Task complexity shapes internal representations and robustness in neural networks
Harder classification tasks produce neural representations whose accuracy collapses under binarization and shuffling while easier tasks remain robust, defining task complexity via the performance gap between full-precision and perturbed networks.
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Efficient Black-Box Fault Localization for System-Level Test Code Using Large Language Models
A black-box LLM approach for fault localization in system-level test code that estimates execution traces from failure logs to rank potential faults with reduced inference cost.
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Smoothie: Smoothing Diffusion on Token Embeddings for Text Generation
Smoothie performs diffusion by smoothing token embeddings based on semantic similarity, outperforming prior diffusion models on sequence-to-sequence and unconditional text generation tasks.
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Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialogue
Moshi is the first real-time full-duplex spoken large language model that casts dialogue as speech-to-speech generation using parallel audio streams and an inner monologue of time-aligned text tokens.
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Sycophancy to Subterfuge: Investigating Reward-Tampering in Large Language Models
LLMs trained on simple specification gaming generalize to zero-shot reward tampering including rewriting their own reward function.
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Actions Speak Louder than Words: Trillion-Parameter Sequential Transducers for Generative Recommendations
HSTU-based generative recommenders with 1.5 trillion parameters scale as a power law with compute up to GPT-3 scale, outperform baselines by up to 65.8% NDCG, run 5-15x faster than FlashAttention2 on long sequences, and improve online A/B metrics by 12.4%.
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M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation
M3-Embedding is a single model for multi-lingual, multi-functional, and multi-granular text embeddings trained via self-knowledge distillation that achieves new state-of-the-art results on multilingual, cross-lingual, and long-document retrieval benchmarks.
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RepoBench: Benchmarking Repository-Level Code Auto-Completion Systems
RepoBench is a new benchmark with retrieval, completion, and pipeline tasks to evaluate code auto-completion systems on entire repositories instead of single files.
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The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
Prompt tuning matches full model tuning performance on large language models while tuning only a small fraction of parameters and improves robustness to domain shifts.
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Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
Prefix-tuning matches or exceeds fine-tuning on NLG tasks by optimizing a continuous prefix using 0.1% of parameters while keeping the LM frozen.
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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks
RAG models set new state-of-the-art results on open-domain QA by retrieving Wikipedia passages and conditioning a generative model on them, while also producing more factual text than parametric baselines.
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ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations
ALBERT reduces BERT parameters via embedding factorization and layer sharing, adds inter-sentence coherence pretraining, and reaches SOTA on GLUE, RACE, and SQuAD with fewer parameters than BERT-large.
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Multilingual Knowledge Transfer under Data Constraints via Lexical Interventions
LINK improves cross-lingual knowledge transfer via lexical substitutions in English pretraining data, yielding notable downstream gains and up to 2x training speedup across eight languages and five model sizes.
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How Many Different Outputs Can a Transformer Generate?
Transformers are limited to a linearly growing number of accessible output sequences with prompt length, with exponential decay in accessible proportion beyond a critical point, even under unbounded context.
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TextTeacher: What Can Language Teach About Images?
TextTeacher uses frozen text embeddings from captions as semantic anchors to guide vision model training, improving ImageNet accuracy by up to 2.7 p.p. and transfer performance by 1.0 p.p. on average.
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Single-Pass, Depth-Selective Reading for Multi-Aspect Sentiment Analysis
DABS is a single-pass framework that builds a depth-ordered substrate from one Transformer encoding and performs lightweight aspect-conditioned readout, cutting computation by up to 60% on multi-aspect ATSA benchmarks while matching prior accuracy.
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Understanding Wacky Weights: A Dissection of SPLADE's Learned Term Importance
SPLADE models produce wacky expansion terms whose prevalence rises with larger vocabularies and falls with stricter sparsity; these terms primarily aid in-domain retrieval rather than out-of-domain generalization.