Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
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Cosmic Explorer: The U.S. Contribution to Gravitational-Wave Astronomy beyond LIGO
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This white paper describes the research and development needed over the next decade to realize "Cosmic Explorer," the U.S. node of a future third-generation detector network that will be capable of observing and characterizing compact gravitational-wave sources to cosmological redshifts.
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- abstract This white paper describes the research and development needed over the next decade to realize "Cosmic Explorer," the U.S. node of a future third-generation detector network that will be capable of observing and characterizing compact gravitational-wave sources to cosmological redshifts.
- background As a result, the GW community is preparing the jump toward third-generation (3G) GW detectors, new observatories that are designed to detect GW sources along the cosmic history up to the early Universe. The 3G European observatory project is Einstein Telescope (ET) [10, 11], while the United States community effort is represented by the Cosmic Explorer (CE) project [12-14]. In recent years the ET project has undergone a significant acceleration, with the suc- cessful proposal in 2020 for includi
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background 5representative citing papers
Gravitational memory from hairy binary black hole mergers in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity differs from GR by a few percent due to altered nonlinear dynamics, with direct scalar contributions suppressed, and including memory increases GR-sGB mismatch by more than an order of magnitude.
Dingo-Pop uses a transformer to perform amortized, end-to-end population inference from GW strain data in seconds, bypassing per-event Monte Carlo sampling.
In Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the change in scalar charge during binary black hole mergers generates a scalar memory contribution that modifies the total memory signal on observable timescales.
Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
Viscous neutron stars have new families of axial oscillation modes without perfect-fluid counterparts, featuring mode avoidance and long-lived modes.
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
Polarization angle swings in photons near a Kerr black hole during ringdown lock in time to quasi-normal modes with amplitudes up to about 10 degrees.
A unified confluent HeunC framework computes gravitational-wave fluxes from generic Kerr orbits with 10^{-11} relative errors and speedups of 3-60x over existing packages for low- and high-order modes.
A unified relativistic framework using bilinear perturbation theory calculates frequency shifts in GWs from axion clouds, handling self-interactions and multiple superradiant modes for the first time.
Spectral features imprinted by long-lived BSM particles on any primordial GWB directly determine the particles' mass and decay rate once the model and initial abundance are specified.
Quasilocal probability flux at black hole horizons produces non-Hermitian ringdown dynamics yielding correlated multi-mode deviations, weak amplitude dependence, and damping-energy mismatch as a low-dimensional discriminator from modified gravity.
Neural network surrogate approximates precessing compact binary gravitational waveforms up to 1000x faster than the base EOB model with validated accuracy.
pyEFPEHM extends prior PN models to include higher-order quasi-circular phasing, generalized precession solutions, and eccentric corrections up to 1PN in selected multipoles for eccentric precessing binaries with matter effects.
Self-gravitating thin shells in general relativity are dynamically unstable on all angular scales, exhibiting an exponentially growing mode for all sampled compactness, adiabatic index, and multipole order ℓ ≥ 2.
CHRONOS targets strain sensitivity of 10^{-18} Hz^{-1/2} at 2 Hz via cryogenic cross torsion-bar design and speed meter, with simulations showing competitive low-frequency performance and 2.92-6.90 s faster earthquake alerts within 40 km.
NANOGrav data favors a blue-tilted tensor spectrum with nt ≈ 2.2, radiation-dominated reheating, and alpha-vacuum states over standard Bunch-Davies, with a frequency-dependent alpha suggested to resolve the blue-tilt tension.
Orthonormal QNM analysis of GW250114 raises the significance of the first overtone of the ℓ=m=2 mode from 82.5% to 99.9% and detects no significant deviation from Kerr predictions.
No evidence for a mass-scale dependent model deficiency is found in the highest-SNR GWTC-3 events.
A minimal extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos simultaneously realizes fermionic dark matter, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, and low-scale resonant leptogenesis consistent with neutrino data.
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
Torsion-induced one-loop corrections can suppress the stochastic gravitational wave signal from inflaton decay by up to two orders of magnitude relative to tree-level predictions.
citing papers explorer
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Nonlocal-in-time tail effects in gravitational scattering to fifth Post-Minkowskian and tenth self-force orders
Nonlocal-in-time conservative tail contributions to gravitational scattering are derived at 5PM and 10SF orders, expressed via polylogarithms up to weight three and agreeing with prior results through 6PN.
-
Gravitational Memory from Hairy Binary Black Hole Mergers
Gravitational memory from hairy binary black hole mergers in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity differs from GR by a few percent due to altered nonlinear dynamics, with direct scalar contributions suppressed, and including memory increases GR-sGB mismatch by more than an order of magnitude.
-
End-to-End Population Inference from Gravitational-Wave Strain using Transformers
Dingo-Pop uses a transformer to perform amortized, end-to-end population inference from GW strain data in seconds, bypassing per-event Monte Carlo sampling.
-
Scalar memory from compact binary coalescences
In Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the change in scalar charge during binary black hole mergers generates a scalar memory contribution that modifies the total memory signal on observable timescales.
-
Gravitational wave emission from nonspherical collapse in an early matter-dominated era using N-body simulations
Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
-
Dynamical tidal Love numbers of black holes under generic perturbations: Connecting black hole perturbation theory with effective field theory
Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.
-
Archival Multiband Gravitational-Wave Signals from Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers
Massive black hole binary mergers produce orphaned low-frequency signals in PTA pulsar terms that can be stacked for archival multiband gravitational-wave detection.
-
Axial Oscillations of Viscous Neutron Stars
Viscous neutron stars have new families of axial oscillation modes without perfect-fluid counterparts, featuring mode avoidance and long-lived modes.
-
Novel ringdown tests of general relativity with black hole greybody factors
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
-
Black Hole Ringdown Seen in Photon Polarization Swings
Polarization angle swings in photons near a Kerr black hole during ringdown lock in time to quasi-normal modes with amplitudes up to about 10 degrees.
-
Efficient and Stable Computation of Gravitational-Wave Fluxes from Generic Kerr Orbits via a Unified HeunC Framework
A unified confluent HeunC framework computes gravitational-wave fluxes from generic Kerr orbits with 10^{-11} relative errors and speedups of 3-60x over existing packages for low- and high-order modes.
-
Relativistic frequency shifts in gravitational waves from axion clouds
A unified relativistic framework using bilinear perturbation theory calculates frequency shifts in GWs from axion clouds, handling self-interactions and multiple superradiant modes for the first time.
-
Irreducible Gravitational Wave Background as a Particle Detector
Spectral features imprinted by long-lived BSM particles on any primordial GWB directly determine the particles' mass and decay rate once the model and initial abundance are specified.
-
Smoking Gun Signatures of Quasilocal Probability in Black Hole Ringdowns
Quasilocal probability flux at black hole horizons produces non-Hermitian ringdown dynamics yielding correlated multi-mode deviations, weak amplitude dependence, and damping-energy mismatch as a low-dimensional discriminator from modified gravity.
-
Fast neural network surrogate for multimodal effective-one-body gravitational waveforms from generically precessing compact binaries
Neural network surrogate approximates precessing compact binary gravitational waveforms up to 1000x faster than the base EOB model with validated accuracy.
-
Post-Newtonian inspiral waveform model for eccentric precessing binaries with higher-order modes and matter effects
pyEFPEHM extends prior PN models to include higher-order quasi-circular phasing, generalized precession solutions, and eccentric corrections up to 1PN in selected multipoles for eccentric precessing binaries with matter effects.
-
Self-gravitating thin shells are dynamically unstable on all angular scales
Self-gravitating thin shells in general relativity are dynamically unstable on all angular scales, exhibiting an exponentially growing mode for all sampled compactness, adiabatic index, and multipole order ℓ ≥ 2.
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Noise budget of Cryogenic sub-Hz cROss torsion bar detector with quantum NOn-demolition Speed meter (CHRONOS)
CHRONOS targets strain sensitivity of 10^{-18} Hz^{-1/2} at 2 Hz via cryogenic cross torsion-bar design and speed meter, with simulations showing competitive low-frequency performance and 2.92-6.90 s faster earthquake alerts within 40 km.
-
Constraints on the inflationary vacuum and reheating era from NANOGrav
NANOGrav data favors a blue-tilted tensor spectrum with nt ≈ 2.2, radiation-dominated reheating, and alpha-vacuum states over standard Bunch-Davies, with a frequency-dependent alpha suggested to resolve the blue-tilt tension.
-
Ringdown Analysis of GW250114 with Orthonormal Modes
Orthonormal QNM analysis of GW250114 raises the significance of the first overtone of the ℓ=m=2 mode from 82.5% to 99.9% and detects no significant deviation from Kerr predictions.
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Agnostically decoding gravitational wave model deficiencies in GWTC-3
No evidence for a mass-scale dependent model deficiency is found in the highest-SNR GWTC-3 events.
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Solving Cosmological Puzzles using Finite Temperature $\nu$SMEFT
A minimal extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos simultaneously realizes fermionic dark matter, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, and low-scale resonant leptogenesis consistent with neutrino data.
-
Primordial Magnetogenesis and Gravitational Waves from ALP-assisted Phase Transition
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
-
Torsion induced one-loop corrections to inflaton decay and the Stochastic gravitational waves
Torsion-induced one-loop corrections can suppress the stochastic gravitational wave signal from inflaton decay by up to two orders of magnitude relative to tree-level predictions.
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Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves
High-quality axion models with N_DW=1 and dark matter abundance requirement restrict the gauge breaking scale to 1.6e11-1e16 GeV, yielding a band of gravitational wave signals from two-step phase transitions consistent with current observations.
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Uncool soft-wall transitions and gravitational waves
Soft-wall warped geometries yield rapid, mildly supercooled phase transitions whose TeV-scale gravitational wave signals are accessible to space-based interferometers.
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Probing Kerr Symmetry Breaking with LISA Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
LISA EMRIs can constrain deviations from Kerr equatorial symmetry to 10^{-2} and axial symmetry to 10^{-3} using Analytic Kludge waveforms and Fisher analysis.
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Are Black Holes Fuzzballs? Probing Horizon-Scale Structure with LISA
LISA can constrain non-axisymmetric mass quadrupole deformations at the 10^{-3} level and axisymmetric mass octupole deformations at the 10^{-2} level in EMRI signals to test fuzzball proposals.
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Reconstruction of fast-rotating neutron star observables with the neural network
Causal convolutional neural networks reconstruct neutron star observables for static, Keplerian, and rotating configurations in about 50 milliseconds per equation of state, compared to 30 minutes with traditional RNS calculations.
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Gravitational Waves from Matter Perturbations of Spectator Scalar Fields
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
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Impact of coalescence signals on the search for continuous gravitational waves with Einstein Telescope
Unresolved compact binary coalescence background acts as additional noise that worsens Frequency-Hough sensitivity for continuous gravitational waves by 7-10% near 7 Hz under Einstein Telescope conditions.
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Constraining Lorentz symmetry breaking in bumblebee gravity with extreme mass-ratio inspirals
EMRI waveforms in bumblebee gravity allow LISA to constrain the Lorentz symmetry breaking parameter ell at the level of O(10^{-4}).
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Not too close! Evaluating the impact of the baseline on the localization of binary black holes by next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Baselines of 8-11 ms light travel time for two CE detectors provide a reasonable compromise for BBH sky localization, with third detectors eliminating multimodality for most or all events.
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Probing non-Gaussianity during reheating with SIGW in the LISA band
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
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Machine Learning for Multi-messenger Probes of New Physics and Cosmology: A Review and Perspective
A review summarizing machine learning methods for multi-messenger probes of dark matter and new physics, with a proposed plan for future integrated analyses.
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Improved Constraints on Non-Kerr Deviations from Binary Black Hole Inspirals Using GWTC-4 Data
Bayesian constraints from GWTC-4 binary black hole inspirals show Johannsen metric deformation parameters α13 and ε3 consistent with zero, supporting the Kerr hypothesis.
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Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
A review of gravitational lensing of astrophysical gravitational waves, outlining theory in geometric and wave optics, identification methods, predicted rates, and applications to dark matter and cosmology.
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Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
The paper reviews cosmological tensions including the H0 and S8 discrepancies and explores new physics models that could explain them.
- The Science of the Einstein Telescope