Star-height of Parikh images is bounded by 2 for one-register automata but the rational conjecture fails for multiple registers, showing Parikh's theorem does not hold over infinite alphabets.
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k-REWB matching cannot be solved in O(n to the 2k minus epsilon) time under SETH, is W[2]-hard parameterized by expression length, and 2-use 2-REWBs require superlinear time unless triangle detection does; 1-use REWBs admit an O(n log squared n) algorithm.
Creates LoCoMo benchmark dataset for very long-term LLM conversational memory and shows current models struggle with lengthy dialogues and long-range temporal dynamics.
LongBEL improves biomedical entity linking consistency by combining full-document context with memory of previous predictions trained via cross-validation rather than gold labels.
A new benchmark dataset drawn from Japan's National Assessment of Academic Ability supplies real exam layouts, diagrams, Japanese text, and nationwide student response distributions for evaluating multimodal LLMs.
Semantic Softmax aggregates probabilities from semantic synonyms around target labels to correct renormalization bias in zero-shot LLM classification, lowering calibration error and raising AUROC and F1.
CA-SQL achieves 51.72% execution accuracy on the challenging tier of the BIRD benchmark using GPT-4o-mini by scaling exploration breadth according to estimated task difficulty, evolutionary prompt seeding, and candidate voting.
A new permutation test uses Householder reflection to align word embedding clouds before testing dispersion differences, cutting Type-I error by 32.5% and speeding up 23x on GPU.
S²R² improves robustness of LoRA-tuned LLMs to prompt perturbations by penalizing semantic-segment drift while preserving clean performance and cross-dataset transfer.
Presents MBFC-2025 dataset and multi-view embeddings with fusion methods for media bias and factuality, reporting SOTA results on ACL-2020 and new benchmarks on MBFC-2025.
OptiVerse is a new benchmark spanning neglected optimization domains that shows LLMs suffer sharp accuracy drops on hard problems due to modeling and logic errors, with a Dual-View Auditor Agent proposed to improve performance.
SpanDec achieves competitive NER accuracy with improved efficiency by using a final-stage lightweight decoder for span representations and early candidate filtering to reduce redundant computation.
Defines ATIR task and benchmark for mixed audio-text queries; MLLM model with token compression shows substantial gains over strong baselines.
MALMAS is a memory-augmented multi-agent LLM system that generates diverse, high-quality features for tabular data via agent decomposition, routing, and iterative memory-guided refinement.
Quantile tokens inserted into LLM inputs combined with neighbor retrieval enable direct prediction of full distributions, yielding lower MAPE and narrower intervals than baselines on Airbnb and StackSample tasks.
Introduces the Indic-CodecFake dataset for Indic codec deepfakes and SATYAM, a novel hyperbolic ALM that outperforms baselines through dual-stage semantic-prosodic fusion using Bhattacharya distance.
Translation function vectors extracted from English to one target language improve correct token ranking for translations to multiple other unseen target languages in decoder-only multilingual LLMs.
BEAT tokenizes symbolic music by uniform beat steps with sparse per-beat pitch encodings, producing higher quality and more coherent music continuation and accompaniment than event-based tokenizations.
SG-RAG frames retrieval as subgraph matching to ensure LLMs meet every condition in factual queries and reports large gains over baselines on a new 120k-pair ERQA dataset.
MAGEO is a multi-agent system that distills validated editing patterns into reusable optimization skills for generative engines, outperforming heuristic baselines on visibility and fidelity via a new benchmark and evaluation protocol.
Large language models encode relational bindings via a cell-based representation: a low-dimensional linear subspace in which each cell corresponds to an entity-relation index pair and attributes are retrieved from the matching cell.
LQM introduces a six-level linguistically motivated error taxonomy for MT evaluation and applies it via expert annotation to LLM outputs on a new 3,850-sentence multi-dialect Arabic corpus.
Introduces VietPET-RoI dataset with fine-grained RoI annotations for Vietnamese 3D PET/CT and HiRRA graph framework that improves report generation by modeling region dependencies, claiming large gains over prior models.
NOVA-ARC is a hyperbolic geometry framework that transfers emotion supervision from labeled non-verbal vocalizations to unlabeled verbal speech in multiple languages via optimal transport prototype alignment and consistency regularization.
citing papers explorer
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Star Complexity of Parikh Images of Languages over Infinite Alphabets
Star-height of Parikh images is bounded by 2 for one-register automata but the rational conjecture fails for multiple registers, showing Parikh's theorem does not hold over infinite alphabets.
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On the Complexity of the Matching Problem of Regular Expressions with Backreferences
k-REWB matching cannot be solved in O(n to the 2k minus epsilon) time under SETH, is W[2]-hard parameterized by expression length, and 2-use 2-REWBs require superlinear time unless triangle detection does; 1-use REWBs admit an O(n log squared n) algorithm.
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Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents
Creates LoCoMo benchmark dataset for very long-term LLM conversational memory and shows current models struggle with lengthy dialogues and long-range temporal dynamics.
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LongBEL: Long-Context and Document-Consistent Biomedical Entity Linking
LongBEL improves biomedical entity linking consistency by combining full-document context with memory of previous predictions trained via cross-validation rather than gold labels.
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Human-Grounded Multimodal Benchmark with 900K-Scale Aggregated Student Response Distributions from Japan's National Assessment of Academic Ability
A new benchmark dataset drawn from Japan's National Assessment of Academic Ability supplies real exam layouts, diagrams, Japanese text, and nationwide student response distributions for evaluating multimodal LLMs.
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The Silent Vote: Improving Zero-Shot LLM Reliability by Aggregating Semantic Neighborhoods
Semantic Softmax aggregates probabilities from semantic synonyms around target labels to correct renormalization bias in zero-shot LLM classification, lowering calibration error and raising AUROC and F1.
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CA-SQL: Complexity-Aware Inference Time Reasoning for Text-to-SQL via Exploration and Compute Budget Allocation
CA-SQL achieves 51.72% execution accuracy on the challenging tier of the BIRD benchmark using GPT-4o-mini by scaling exploration breadth according to estimated task difficulty, evolutionary prompt seeding, and candidate voting.
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Accurate and Efficient Statistical Testing for Word Semantic Breadth
A new permutation test uses Householder reflection to align word embedding clouds before testing dispersion differences, cutting Type-I error by 32.5% and speeding up 23x on GPU.
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Where Do Prompt Perturbations Break Generation? A Segment-Level View of Robustness in LoRA-Tuned Language Models
S²R² improves robustness of LoRA-tuned LLMs to prompt perturbations by penalizing semantic-segment drift while preserving clean performance and cross-dataset transfer.
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A Multi-View Media Profiling Suite: Resources, Evaluation, and Analysis
Presents MBFC-2025 dataset and multi-view embeddings with fusion methods for media bias and factuality, reporting SOTA results on ACL-2020 and new benchmarks on MBFC-2025.
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OptiVerse: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Optimization Problem Solving
OptiVerse is a new benchmark spanning neglected optimization domains that shows LLMs suffer sharp accuracy drops on hard problems due to modeling and logic errors, with a Dual-View Auditor Agent proposed to improve performance.
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Decoding Text Spans for Efficient and Accurate Named-Entity Recognition
SpanDec achieves competitive NER accuracy with improved efficiency by using a final-stage lightweight decoder for span representations and early candidate filtering to reduce redundant computation.
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ATIR: Towards Audio-Text Interleaved Contextual Retrieval
Defines ATIR task and benchmark for mixed audio-text queries; MLLM model with token compression shows substantial gains over strong baselines.
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Memory-Augmented LLM-based Multi-Agent System for Automated Feature Generation on Tabular Data
MALMAS is a memory-augmented multi-agent LLM system that generates diverse, high-quality features for tabular data via agent decomposition, routing, and iterative memory-guided refinement.
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Text-to-Distribution Prediction with Quantile Tokens and Neighbor Context
Quantile tokens inserted into LLM inputs combined with neighbor retrieval enable direct prediction of full distributions, yielding lower MAPE and narrower intervals than baselines on Airbnb and StackSample tasks.
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Indic-CodecFake meets SATYAM: Towards Detecting Neural Audio Codec Synthesized Speech Deepfakes in Indic Languages
Introduces the Indic-CodecFake dataset for Indic codec deepfakes and SATYAM, a novel hyperbolic ALM that outperforms baselines through dual-stage semantic-prosodic fusion using Bhattacharya distance.
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Exploring Language-Agnosticity in Function Vectors: A Case Study in Machine Translation
Translation function vectors extracted from English to one target language improve correct token ranking for translations to multiple other unseen target languages in decoder-only multilingual LLMs.
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BEAT: Tokenizing and Generating Symbolic Music by Uniform Temporal Steps
BEAT tokenizes symbolic music by uniform beat steps with sparse per-beat pitch encodings, producing higher quality and more coherent music continuation and accompaniment than event-based tokenizations.
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Structure Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Factual Queries
SG-RAG frames retrieval as subgraph matching to ensure LLMs meet every condition in factual queries and reports large gains over baselines on a new 120k-pair ERQA dataset.
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From Experience to Skill: Multi-Agent Generative Engine Optimization via Reusable Strategy Learning
MAGEO is a multi-agent system that distills validated editing patterns into reusable optimization skills for generative engines, outperforming heuristic baselines on visibility and fidelity via a new benchmark and evaluation protocol.
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Cell-Based Representation of Relational Binding in Language Models
Large language models encode relational bindings via a cell-based representation: a low-dimensional linear subspace in which each cell corresponds to an entity-relation index pair and attributes are retrieved from the matching cell.
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LQM: Linguistically Motivated Multidimensional Quality Metrics for Machine Translation
LQM introduces a six-level linguistically motivated error taxonomy for MT evaluation and applies it via expert annotation to LLM outputs on a new 3,850-sentence multi-dialect Arabic corpus.
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Region-Grounded Report Generation for 3D Medical Imaging: A Fine-Grained Dataset and Graph-Enhanced Framework
Introduces VietPET-RoI dataset with fine-grained RoI annotations for Vietnamese 3D PET/CT and HiRRA graph framework that improves report generation by modeling region dependencies, claiming large gains over prior models.
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Prosody as Supervision: Bridging the Non-Verbal--Verbal for Multilingual Speech Emotion Recognition
NOVA-ARC is a hyperbolic geometry framework that transfers emotion supervision from labeled non-verbal vocalizations to unlabeled verbal speech in multiple languages via optimal transport prototype alignment and consistency regularization.
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Self-Consistency from Only Two Samples: CoT-PoT Ensembling for Efficient LLM Reasoning
CoT-PoT ensembling achieves self-consistency accuracy in LLMs with only two samples for 78.6% of tasks, reducing computation by 9.3x compared to standard methods.
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GaLa: Hypergraph-Guided Visual Language Models for Procedural Planning
GaLa uses hypergraph representations of objects and a TriView encoder with contrastive learning to improve vision-language models on procedural planning benchmarks.
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HeadRank: Decoding-Free Passage Reranking via Preference-Aligned Attention Heads
HeadRank improves decoding-free passage reranking by preference-aligning attention heads to increase discriminability in middle-context documents, outperforming baselines on 14 benchmarks with only 211 training queries.
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Stress-Testing the Reasoning Competence of LLMs With Proofs Under Minimal Formalism
ProofGrid is a new benchmark for LLM reasoning that uses machine-checkable proofs in minimal formal notation, revealing progress on basic tasks but major gaps in complex combinatorial and synthesis reasoning.
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Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer
Longformer uses local windowed attention plus task-specific global attention to achieve linear scaling and state-of-the-art results on long-document language modeling, QA, and summarization after pretraining.
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History Anchors: How Prior Behavior Steers LLM Decisions Toward Unsafe Actions
A single consistency instruction with harmful prior actions causes aligned frontier LLMs to select unsafe options at 91-98% rates in high-stakes domains, with escalation and inverse scaling by model size.
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STOP: Structured On-Policy Pruning of Long-Form Reasoning in Low-Data Regimes
STOP uses structured on-policy analysis to prune long reasoning traces to their earliest correct node, cutting token usage 19-42% with little accuracy loss on math benchmarks.
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Linking Extreme Discourse to Structural Polarization in Signed Interaction Networks
A pipeline derives continuous signed edges from LLM stance scores on text and links discourse signals such as toxicity and extreme claims to changes in structural polarization measured by spectral and frustration scores on Reddit Brexit data.
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Improving Lexical Difficulty Prediction with Context-Aligned Contrastive Learning and Ridge Ensembling
Context-Aligned Contrastive Regression combines cross-view context alignment and ordinal soft contrastive learning with ridge ensembles to improve lexical difficulty prediction across L1 backgrounds on three datasets.
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Response-G1: Explicit Scene Graph Modeling for Proactive Streaming Video Understanding
Response-G1 uses query-guided scene graphs, memory retrieval, and augmented prompting to improve when Video-LLMs decide to respond during streaming videos.
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Verbal-R3: Verbal Reranker as the Missing Bridge between Retrieval and Reasoning
Verbal-R3 uses a verbal reranker to generate analytic narratives that guide retrieval and reasoning in LLMs, achieving SOTA results on complex QA benchmarks.
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Conjecture and Inquiry: Quantifying Software Performance Requirements via Interactive Retrieval-Augmented Preference Elicitation
IRAP quantifies ambiguous performance requirements into mathematical functions via interactive retrieval-augmented preference elicitation and outperforms ten prior methods on four real-world datasets with up to 40x gains in five interaction rounds.
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Navigating the Clutter: Waypoint-Based Bi-Level Planning for Multi-Robot Systems
Waypoint-based bi-level planning with curriculum RLVR improves multi-robot task success rates in dense-obstacle benchmarks over motion-agnostic and VLA baselines.
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DWTSumm: Discrete Wavelet Transform for Document Summarization
DWT decomposes sentence- or word-level embeddings into multi-resolution components that preserve semantics for direct or LLM-guided summarization, yielding up to 97% fidelity and gains in BERTScore and semantic metrics over GPT-4o baselines on clinical and legal benchmarks.
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COMPASS: COntinual Multilingual PEFT with Adaptive Semantic Sampling
COMPASS uses semantic clustering on multilingual embeddings to select auxiliary data for PEFT adapters, outperforming linguistic-similarity baselines on multilingual benchmarks while supporting continual adaptation.
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Dual-Cluster Memory Agent: Resolving Multi-Paradigm Ambiguity in Optimization Problem Solving
DCM-Agent improves LLM performance on multi-paradigm optimization problems by 11-21% via dual-cluster memory construction and dynamic inference guidance.
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Whose Story Gets Told? Positionality and Bias in LLM Summaries of Life Narratives
A proposed pipeline shows LLMs introduce detectable race and gender biases when summarizing life narratives, creating potential for representational harm in research.
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Talking to a Know-It-All GPT or a Second-Guesser Claude? How Repair reveals unreliable Multi-Turn Behavior in LLMs
Each tested LLM shows its own characteristic unreliability when engaging in repair during extended math-question dialogues.
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LBLLM: Lightweight Binarization of Large Language Models via Three-Stage Distillation
LBLLM achieves better accuracy than prior binarization methods for LLMs by decoupling weight and activation quantization through initialization, layer-wise distillation, and learnable activation scaling.
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HCFD: A Benchmark for Audio Deepfake Detection in Healthcare
HCFD is a new pathology-aware benchmark and dataset for codec-fake audio detection in healthcare, with PHOENIX-Mamba achieving up to 97% accuracy by modeling fakes as modes in hyperbolic space.
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KnowledgeBerg: Evaluating Systematic Knowledge Coverage and Compositional Reasoning in Large Language Models
KnowledgeBerg benchmark shows open-source LLMs achieve only 5.26-36.88 F1 on universe enumeration and 16-44% accuracy on knowledge-grounded compositional reasoning, with persistent failures in completeness, awareness, and application.
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SOCIA-EVO: Automated Simulator Construction via Dual-Anchored Bi-Level Optimization
SOCIA-EVO generates statistically consistent simulators by separating structural refinement from parameter calibration via bi-level optimization and falsifying strategies through execution feedback in a Bayesian-weighted playbook.
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Calibrated? Not for Everyone: How Sexual Orientation and Religious Markers Distort LLM Accuracy and Confidence in Medical QA
Social identity markers in medical questions degrade LLM accuracy and uncertainty calibration, producing a calibration crisis that is non-additive for intersectional cases.
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Grounded Satirical Generation with RAG
RAG and topic-based word selection increase perceived political relevance in generated satirical definitions but produce no clear improvement in humor according to human raters.
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SciVQR: A Multidisciplinary Multimodal Benchmark for Advanced Scientific Reasoning Evaluation
SciVQR is a new multimodal benchmark covering 54 scientific subfields that evaluates MLLMs on visual comprehension and multi-step reasoning, revealing significant limitations in leading models.
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Text-Guided Multi-Scale Frequency Representation Adaptation
FreqAdapter adapts multimodal models by text-guided multi-scale fine-tuning in the frequency domain, claiming better performance and efficiency than signal-space PEFT methods.